The history of Isreal and Palestine conflict began with the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. This conflict came from the intercommunal violence in Mandatory Palestine between Israelis and Arabs from 1920. It erupted into full-scale hostilities in the 1947–48 civil war. The conflict continues to the present day on various levels.

The roots of Isreal and Palestine conflict can be traced to late 19th century, with the rise of national movements. This includes Zionism and Arab nationalism. Though the Jewish aspiration to return to Zion had been part of Jewish religious thought for more than a millennium. Jewish population of Europe and to some degree Middle East began to actively discuss immigration back to Land of Israel. The re-establishment of the Jewish Nation, only during 1859 to the 1880s, largely as a solution to the widespread persecution of Jews, and antisemitism in Russia and Europe. As a result, the Zionist movement, the modern movement for the creation of a homeland for the Jewish people, was established as a political movement in 1897.

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