Allaah has enjoined upon His slaves five prayers throughout the day and night at specific times decreed by the wisdom of Allaah so that the slave may be in contact with his Lord in these prayers throughout all of these times. They are for the heart like water for a tree, given to it time after time, not all in one go and then it stops.
Part of the wisdom behind doing the prayers at these times is so that people will not get bored or find it too difficult, which would happen if they all had to be done at once. Blessed be Allaah, the Wisest of judges.
(From the Introduction to Risaalat Ahkaam Mawaaqeet al-Salaah (Essay on the Rulings on the Times of the Prayers) by Shaykh Muhammad ibn ‘Uthaymeen, may Allaah have mercy on him).
The times of the prayers were mentioned by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in the hadeeth: “The time for Zuhr is from when the sun has passed its zenith and a man’s shadow is equal in length to his height, until the time for ‘Asr comes. The time for ‘Asr lasts until the sun turns yellow. The time for Maghrib lasts until the twilight has faded. The time for ‘Isha’ lasts until midnight. The time for Subh (Fajr) prayer lasts from the beginning of the pre-dawn so long as the sun has not yet started to rise. When the sun starts to rise then stop praying, for it rises between the two horns of the Shaytaan.” (Narrated by Muslim, 612).
This hadeeth explains the timings of the five daily prayers. As for defining them by the clock, that varies from one city or country to another. We will define each in more detail as follows:
1 – The time of Zuhr
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The time for Zuhr is from when the sun has passed its zenith and a man’s shadow is equal in length to his height (this is the end time), until the time for ‘Asr comes.” So the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) defined the start and the end of the time for Zuhr:
The start of the time for Zuhr is when the sun has passed its zenith i.e., has passed the highest part of the sky and started to descend towards the west.
Practical way of knowing when the zenith has been passed (and the time for Zuhr has begun):
Put a stick or pole in an open place. When the sun rises in the east, the shadow of this stick will fall towards the west. The higher the sun rises, the shorter the shadow will become. So long as it keeps growing shorter, the sun has not yet reached its zenith. The shadow will keep on growing shorter until it reaches a certain point, then it will start to increase, falling towards the east. When it increases by even a small amount, then the sun has passed its zenith. At that point the time for Zuhr has begun.
Knowing the time of the zenith by the clock: divide the time between sunrise and sunset in half, and that is the time of the zenith. If we assume that the sun rises at 6 a.m. and sets at 6 p.m., then the zenith is at 12 noon. If it rises at 7 a.m. and sets at 7 p.m., then the zenith is at 1 p.m., and so on.
See al-Sharh al-Mumti’, 2/96
The end of the time for Zuhr is when the shadow of everything is equal in length to the object itself, plus the length of the shadow of the object at the time of the zenith.
Practical way of knowing when the time for Zuhr has ended: go back to the stick or pole which we described above. Let us assume that its length is one meter. We will notice that before the sun reached its zenith, the shadow decreased gradually until it reached a certain point (make a mark at this point), then it started to increase, at which point the time for Zuhr began. The shadow will continue to increase, falling towards the east until the length of the shadow is equal to the length of the object itself, i.e., it will be one meter long, starting from the point marked at the zenith). As for the shadow before the mark, that is not counted, and it is called fay’ al-zawaal (the shadow of the zenith). At this point the time for Zuhr ends and the time for ‘Asr begins straight away.
2 – The time of ‘Asr
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The time for ‘Asr lasts until the sun turns yellow.”
We know that the time for ‘Asr begins when the time for Zuhr ends, i.e., when the length of an object’s shadow becomes equal to the length of the object itself. There are two times for the end of ‘Asr.
(1) The preferred time: this lasts from the beginning of the time for ‘Asr until the sun begins to turn yellow, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The time for ‘Asr lasts until the sun turns yellow.” Defining this time by the clock varies according to the season.
(2) The time of necessity. This lasts from the time the sun turns yellow until sunset, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever catches up with one rak’ah of ‘Asr before the sun sets has caught up with ‘Asr.” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 579; Muslim, 608)
Question: what is meant by the time of necessity?
Necessity here refers to when a person is distracted from praying ‘Asr by some essential and unavoidable work, such as dressing wounds, and he is able to pray before the sun turns yellow but it is difficult, then he prays just before sunset. In this case he has prayed on time and has not sinned, because this is the time of necessity. If a person is forced to delay the prayer, there is no sin so long as he prays before the sun sets.
3 – The time of Maghrib
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The time for Maghrib lasts until the twilight has faded.”
i.e., the time for Maghrib starts immediately after the time for ‘Asr ends, which is when the sun sets, until the twilight or red afterglow has faded. When the red afterglow has disappeared from the sky, the time for Maghrib ends and the time for ‘Isha’ begins. Defining this time by the clock varies according to the season. When you see that the red afterglow has disappeared from the horizon, this is a sign that the time for Maghrib has ended.
4 – The time of ‘Isha
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The time for ‘Isha’ lasts until midnight.”
So the time for ‘Isha’ begins immediately after the time for Maghrib ends (i.e., when the red afterglow disappears from the sky) until midnight.
Question: how do we calculate when midnight is?
Answer: if you want to calculate when midnight is, then calculate the time between sunset and the break of true dawn (when Fajr begins) then divide it in half; that halfway point is the end of the time for praying ‘Isha’ (and that is midnight).
So if the sun sets at 5 p.m., and Fajr begins at 5 a.m., then midnight is 11 p.m. If the sun sets at 5 p.m. and Fajr begins at 6 a.m., then midnight is 11.30 p.m., and so on.
5 – The time of Fajr
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The time for Subh (Fajr) prayer lasts from the beginning of the pre-dawn so long as the sun has not yet started to rise. When the sun starts to rise then stop praying, for it rises between the two horns of the Shaytaan.”
The time for Fajr begins with the onset of the “second dawn” (al-fajr al-thaani) and ends when the sun starts to rise. The “second dawn” is the brightness that appears along the horizon in the east and extends north to south. The “first dawn” (al-fajr al-awwal) occurs approximately one hour before this, and there are differences between the two:
(1) In the “first dawn” the brightness extends from east to west, and in the “second dawn” it extends from north to south.
(2) The “first dawn” is followed by darkness, i.e., the brightness lasts for a short period then it becomes dark. The “second dawn” is not followed by darkness, rather the light increases.
(3) The “second dawn” is connected to the horizon, with no darkness between it and the horizon, whereas the “first dawn” is separated from the horizon with darkness between it and the horizon.
i really find it difficult to say my prayers on times,i want but due to work most times i cant, and when i get home i become too tired to say all the praayers together, somebody help me because i have lagged behind in times of salat.
i have made several pledges that i will be different the next day, but the next day is always like the previous day.
Jummat Mubarak . You can start by trying to say most of the prayers missed if not all say the most you can and as you know it consistency is key .with time you get used to it and hopefully try to say all
Khd95: i really find it difficult to say my prayers on times,i want but due to work most times i cant, and when i get home i become too tired to say all the praayers together, somebody help me because i have lagged behind in times of salat.
i have made several pledges that i will be different the next day, but the next day is always like the previous day.
You mean moreharmmade,the man dey 4 hell fire ooo, e no dey with any 72 virgins ooo,so if you like strap a bomb vest and go and blow up a church or a market place or maybe a school children bus,you alone will die and die in vain
Jazakumullahu khayran. In Islam, our worship is how it's been psecribed nothing more nothing less. It follows a natural course, it's doesn't beyond human capability as it's not at all a burden. AlhamduliLlah for being a Muslim!
Khd95: i really find it difficult to say my prayers on times,i want but due to work most times i cant, and when i get home i become too tired to say all the praayers together, somebody help me because i have lagged behind in times of salat.
i have made several pledges that i will be different the next day, but the next day is always like the previous day.
i realy need to say my salat as and when due
May Allah provide you with a better job. Please keep searching for job that will give you time to observe prayers. As for your current job, you need to raise your determination that nothing must come in between you and prayer. My job is not beneficial to the sight of Allah without inclusion of prayer. This determination will raise your energy even if you arrived home by 10pm. Also try to use your break time for Zhur prayer and perform asr prayer after closing from work before entering a bus. If there is no mosque in your work place, you can get yourself a praying mat or carton or Nylon that you can use at one corner of your workplace. Also try to get an empty bottle water that you can use to fetch water for ablution. Please don't be shy in observing your prayers. Most Christians understand that Muslims are enjoined to pray at some intervals daily so communicate with your bosses. Trust me, you would find a way out. I have implemented every advice given above and it works for me.
About Asr timing, what I have known for long is that while Zuhr lasts till when the shadow of an object is equal to its height, Asr time lasts till when the shadow of the object is twice its length. In our Nigeria, this last till like 4:45pm. This I have learnt from the hadiths many years ago. That Asr lasts till before Maghrib is new to me. Please knowledgeable uzthas should add their opinions to this. May Allah guard us
You mean moreharmmade,the man dey 4 hell fire ooo, e no dey with any 72 virgins ooo,so if you like strap a bomb vest and go and blow up a church or a market place or maybe a school children bus,you alone will die and die in vain
Watch this. It's by Gary Wills, journalist, an American historian, in politics, religion, etc.
A sincere view of Islam by a non Muslim after he read the Quran.
You shouldn't just listen to what people say and conclude on a set of people.
,so much focus on religiousity but none on being humane.