Op, you made valid points in this your article, pls can you publish it in nytimes. I believe it will get better attention. Thanks

TheBlue5:
-Mortiple

I don't think that all Hebrew are Jews there is like 40 million Igbo not all of them can be hebrew I think only those that are from Anambra state are Hebrews, because Eri did not father the Igbo people he mixed in with them and settled in AnAmbra state.

Lol, kind of agree with you just like not all yorubas are among the lost tribe of Isreal. I saw this interesting information online but you will have to understand the King David's codes to connect your own origin of the lost tribe of Isreal, its states the names of the lost tribes you can check yours there at www.noahklub..com

Radoillo:


How familiar are you with Aguleri history?

What you 'Hebraists' call Obu-Gad was/is actually Obu-Ugam or Obu-Uga, Uga/Ugam being the name of one of the early kings of Aguleri. The name was corrupted only in the last century by people eager to become Jews.

And what the current Ezeora Aguleri (stop calling him the Igbo king as if all Igbos recognise his suzerainty) told CNN is immaterial. Anybody with an agenda can claim anything. His ancestors didn't tell the early colonial anthropologists that they were Jews, rather they spoke of links with the Igala.. Heck, his ancestors were not even aware of a place called Israel. The claims only appeared in the last century...after Igbos became Christian and literate and studied the Bible.

www.hebrewigbo.com

"After Igbo became Christian" No a lot of websites say that the Igbo people already started practicing Jewish tradition before the Christian missionary and before the 'white' man came, and on another CNN Page they said that they already have evidence that is scientific that proof the Igbo came from Israel meaning they probably have DNA evidence The Igbo did not know the word 'Jew' like I said its a word that started in the 18th century
they use to call themselves 'hebrews' and how do you explain the Paleo-Hebrew script, the stars of David and the stone throne of Gad that has a written in Paleo-Hebrew that says "This throne is for my father Gad" and an onyx that has the word 'Gad' in Paleo-Hebrew? In fact God commanded the Israelites to write the names of the sons of Israel on a stone.

Radoillo:


How familiar are you with Aguleri history?

What you 'Hebraists' call Obu-Gad was/is actually Obu-Ugam or Obu-Uga, Uga/Ugam being the name of one of the early kings of Aguleri. The name was corrupted only in the last century by people eager to become Jews.

And what the current Ezeora Aguleri (stop calling him the Igbo king as if all Igbos recognise his suzerainty) told CNN is immaterial. Anybody with an agenda can claim anything. His ancestors didn't tell the early colonial anthropologists that they were Jews, rather they spoke of links with the Igala.. Heck, his ancestors were not even aware of a place called Israel. The claims only appeared in the last century...after Igbos became Christian and literate and studied the Bible.

"They spoke about how they came to Igala"


The Igala Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of Idah, was a pre-colonial West African state of what is now Nigeria. The kingdom was founded by the Igala, a people living north of the Igbo, with its capital at Idah. It was heavily influenced by the Yoruba, Bini and Jukun kingdoms.-Wikipedia

So your telling me that your Ancestors who lived in Nigeria were talking about how they came from Nigeria?Igala is just basically in the same place as Modern Nigeria.

Radoillo:


How familiar are you with Aguleri history?

What you 'Hebraists' call Obu-Gad was/is actually Obu-Ugam or Obu-Uga, Uga/Ugam being the name of one of the early kings of Aguleri. The name was corrupted only in the last century by people eager to become Jews.

And what the current Ezeora Aguleri (stop calling him the Igbo king as if all Igbos recognise his suzerainty) told CNN is immaterial. Anybody with an agenda can claim anything. His ancestors didn't tell the early colonial anthropologists that they were Jews, rather they spoke of links with the Igala.. Heck, his ancestors were not even aware of a place called Israel. The claims only appeared in the last century...after Igbos became Christian and literate and studied the Bible.

Very good that the Igbos' true story is coming out at last. Every important study not only indicates, but proves that the Igbos came from Israel. Interestingly some people would like the story and facts suppressed. Was the Bible the 'in-thing' when Olaudah Equiano wrote that our ancestors were just like the Jews? Most Igbos were not Christians then, and most had not seen a copy of the Bible in print then. When Basden worked, and discovered that Igbo culture was like Judaism., and that the language had similarities to Hebrew, were Igbos Christians? They weren't. They were very hostile to the religion then. So anybody claiming that the Igbos began to identify themselves as Jews because the Bible and Christianity are popular now among Igbos, is not being truthful. And very importantly many Judaic customs of the Igbos are not in the Bible.-Remy

Radoillo:


How familiar are you with Aguleri history?

What you 'Hebraists' call Obu-Gad was/is actually Obu-Ugam or Obu-Uga, Uga/Ugam being the name of one of the early kings of Aguleri. The name was corrupted only in the last century by people eager to become Jews.

And what the current Ezeora Aguleri (stop calling him the Igbo king as if all Igbos recognise his suzerainty) told CNN is immaterial. Anybody with an agenda can claim anything. His ancestors didn't tell the early colonial anthropologists that they were Jews, rather they spoke of links with the Igala.. Heck, his ancestors were not even aware of a place called Israel. The claims only appeared in the last century...after Igbos became Christian and literate and studied the Bible.

DNA evidence would only re-confirm what has been proved beyond doubt by every important study: that Igbo culture is Jewish culture. Even the sole dissenter in the CNN interview has conceded publicly severally that the Jews & the Igbos are related by blood.- Remy Ilona

mimijj:


Lol, kind of agree with you just like not all yorubas are among the lost tribe of Isreal. I saw this interesting information online but you will have to understand the King David's codes to connect your own origin of the lost tribe of Isreal, its states the names of the lost tribes you can check yours there at www.noahklub..com

Yoruba are not 'lost tribe of Israel (Iseri)', but Hebrews that came through the sea to build their independent empire as were led by God. The idea of 'lost tribe of Israel' is that of the Israelites that were dispersed at the fall of Jerusalem to Babylonians and Ptolemies (I understand that's centuries apart, as found in the scripture of truth and contemporary history). This dispersal does not affect Yoruba that invokes Oduduwa, a name featured in the Hebraic scripture in Davidian epoch. It is anachronistic putting Yoruba inception in that timeframe or set.

I've read through this thread and have seen people talking about 'evidence'. Yet, all of the 'evidence' posted thus far has been circumstantial at best (I'm being too generous). Those advocating for a Igbo-Hebrew connection are showing (if you'll permit me to be blunt) remarkable stupidity.

It is indeed stupidity to claim some phantom Igbo-Hebrew link in the face of hard evidence such as intelligence reports of the 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as oral traditions passed down for generations, linguistics, and an overall cultural amnesia concerning Israel. As has already been highlighted by someone on this thread, the timing for the emergence of these Hebrew claims and the conversion of Igbo to Christianity is more than noteworthy. The stupidity is annoying.

The only way one can ever believe that Igbo people are associated with Ancient Hebrew is to get Ancient Hebrew Scriptures and compare it with/to Ancient Nsibidi Scriptures.

If they are neigh identical then I will start believing.

mimijj:


Lol, kind of agree with you just like not all yorubas are among the lost tribe of Isreal. I saw this interesting information online but you will have to understand the King David's codes to connect your own origin of the lost tribe of Isreal, its states the names of the lost tribes you can check yours there at www.noahklub..com

You call this codes?

Here's what you have from ur website

Otherwise recorded in the
Bible, with the variations
'Juda', 'Judea' and 'Judaea';
the following names are
unraveled as variants of
the name 'Judah', upon
the application of the King
David's codes including:
'Dele', 'Adele', 'Taju/Tajo',
'Idogo', 'Odua/Oodua/
Odu'a/Oodu'a/Odudua/
O'dua', 'Hadj/Hadji/
Hadjee', 'Itele', 'Adejo',
'Idejo', 'Odejo', 'Adige',
'Dayo/Adedayo/Odudayo/
Odedayo', 'Tolu/Adetolu/
Odetolu/Odutolu', 'Tola/
Adetola/Odetola/Odutola',
'Toju/Adetoju/Odetoju/
Odutoju', 'Tayo/Adetayo/
Odutayo/Odetayo', 'Deji/
Adedeji/Odedeji/Odudeji',
'Dola/Adedola/Odedola/
Odudola', 'Dejo/Adedejo/
Odedejo/Odudejo', 'Diya/
Adediya/Odediya/
Odudiya', 'Doja/Adedoja/
Odedoja/Odudoja', 'Teju/
Adeteju/Odeteju/Oduteju',
'Diji/Adediji/Odediji/
Odudiji', 'Teye/Adeteye/
Odeteye/Oduteye', 'Toye/
Adetoye/Odetoye/
Odutoye', 'Judge', 'Ladoja',
'Adio', 'Idimu', 'Jatau',
'Joda', 'Ladoga', 'Duma',
'Idaho', 'Utah', 'Togo',
'Lodge', 'Hodge', 'Jida/
Jedda/Jeddah', 'Udeh',
'Odeh', 'Odia', 'Atah/Attah',
'Udoh', 'Utoh', 'Udu', 'Idah',
'Ideye', 'Odiye', 'Odili',
'Audio', 'Idaya', etc.

How do u feel comfortable with this gross fallacy?
you just pick random Yoruba(and others) names and call them variants of Judah
You didn't even bother to explain how u decode ur "code" and come about such names as variants of Judah

TheBlue5:


"They spoke about how they came to Igala"


The Igala Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of Idah, was a pre-colonial West African state of what is now Nigeria. The kingdom was founded by the Igala, a people living north of the Igbo, with its capital at Idah. It was heavily influenced by the Yoruba, Bini and Jukun kingdoms.-Wikipedia

So your telling me that your Ancestors who lived in Nigeria were talking about how they came from Nigeria?Igala is just basically in the same place as Modern Nigeria.

You do realize Nigeria is new state of different old nations, the Igala nation is over a thousand years old

there's nothing odd about Igbo having their origin in a land that is in modern Nigeria
Nigeria is after all just a geographical area with a government

mj, 'davido' is missing in the list.

macof:

You do realize Nigeria is new state of different old nations, the Igala nation is over a thousand years old

there's nothing odd about Igbo having their origin in a land that is in modern Nigeria
Nigeria is after all just a geographical area with a government

Didn't I just say that Igala the ancient kingdom is basically in the same place of Nigeria?? Stop twisting my words.

macof:


You call this codes?

Here's what you have from ur website


How do u feel comfortable with this gross fallacy?
you just pick random Yoruba(and others) names and call them variants of Judah
You didn't even bother to explain how u decode ur "code" and come about such names as variants of Judah

The hatred for Jewish People is real in this conversation, I bet if it was any other nation besides Israel that you people claim to be from you will accept it with open arms. Even some jews hate Israel, just admit it just because you people hate Israel that is why you are denying all of these evidence. Even on CNN it said that they already have evidence that is scientific (meaning DNA) that proves the Igbo came from Israel. Now you can't deny DNA your're just like that white man who had a DNA test that showed he was 14% black but he still denies it.

Zechariah 12:3

3 And in that day will I make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all people: all that burden themselves with it shall be cut in pieces, though all the people of the earth be gathered together against it.

macof:


You call this codes?

Here's what you have from ur website


How do u feel comfortable with this gross fallacy?
you just pick random Yoruba(and others) names and call them variants of Judah
You didn't even bother to explain how u decode ur "code" and come about such names as variants of Judah

Am sure you didn't read what I posted well, I said you will have to understand King David's codes or principles to understand, meaning to understand how they came by the names. You should have dropped your comment there, they would have probably released the King David's principles for you so @least the names will make sense. And sorry its not fallacy am sure if you see the codes you will be amazed (those names are a derivative from the use of the codes). You think those who perverted everything are not as intelligent as you? Or the ancient Isrealites not wiser. Read about the Semites and you will be amazed.

absoluteSuccess:
Yoruba are not 'lost tribe of Israel (Iseri)', but Hebrews that came through the sea to build their independent empire as were led by God. The idea of 'lost tribe of Israel' is that of the Israelites that were dispersed at the fall of Jerusalem to Babylonians and Ptolemies (I understand that's centuries apart, as found in the scripture of truth and contemporary history). This dispersal does not affect Yoruba that invokes Oduduwa, a name featured in the Hebraic scripture in Davidian epoch. It is anachronistic putting Yoruba inception in that timeframe or set.

So are you saying Hebrew is not Isreal? Please explain the difference. Besides what is Yoruba?

TheBlue5:


The hatred for Jewish People is real in this conversation, I bet if it was any other nation besides Israel that you people claim to be from you will accept it with open arms. Even some jews hate Israel, just admit it just because you people hate Israel that is why you are denying all of these evidence. Even on CNN it said that they already have evidence that is scientific (meaning DNA) that proves the Igbo came from Israel. Now you can't deny DNA your're just like that white man who had a DNA test that showed he was 14% black but he still denies it.

Zechariah 12:3

3 And in that day will I make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all people: all that burden themselves with it shall be cut in pieces, though all the people of the earth be gathered together against it.

I love this comment. Like is underating! Thank You!

TheBlue5:


Didn't I just say that Igala the ancient kingdom is basically in the same place of Nigeria?? Stop twisting my words.

you posted this "So your telling me that your Ancestors who lived in Nigeria were talking about how they came from Nigeria ?Igala is just basically in the same place as Modern Nigeria"

Lemme go clearer this time..

At that time there was nothing like Nigeria, Nigeria is a new state..it doesn't project the ancient nationalities that existed in this area so there's nothing odd for Umueri Igbo to find their origin in igala

mimijj:


Am sure you didn't read what I posted well, I said you will have to understand King David's codes or principles to understand, meaning to understand how they came by the names. You should have dropped your comment there, they would have probably released the King David's principles for you so @least the names will make sense. And sorry its not fallacy am sure if you see the codes you will be amazed (those names are a derivative from the use of the codes). You think those who perverted everything are not as intelligent as you? Or the ancient Isrealites not wiser. Read about the Semites and you will be amazed.

what sophistry

I think I should direct that back to you, make out a a week or two studying semitic culture and languages and tell us the links with Yoruba and Igbo
We don't need made up codes that only you and your band understand

TheBlue5:


The hatred for Jewish People is real in this conversation, I bet if it was any other nation besides Israel that you people claim to be from you will accept it with open arms. Even some jews hate Israel, just admit it just because you people hate Israel that is why you are denying all of these evidence. Even on CNN it said that they already have evidence that is scientific (meaning DNA) that proves the Igbo came from Israel. Now you can't deny DNA your're just like that white man who had a DNA test that showed he was 14% black but he still denies it.

Zechariah 12:3

3 And in that day will I make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all people: all that burden themselves with it shall be cut in pieces, though all the people of the earth be gathered together against it.

this is so lame, why should I hate a people or a country..it's people like you with the problem not Israel
But for you, your mental subjugation to Jews is so visible.

CNN is no authority on African history and genetics

What are you? What country do you come from? most importantly what ethnicity?

macof:


what sophistry

I think I should direct that back to you, make out a a week or two studying semitic culture and languages and tell us the links with Yoruba and Igbo
We don't need made up codes that only you and your band understand

I saw your hand work. Good job keep it up! Quote this and never ever forget 'One day you will cry for your stupidity'.

omototiadewa:


I saw your hand work. Good job keep it up! Quote this and never ever forget 'One day you will cry for your stupidity'.

You must be very stuupid to threaten me

Simple task you are required to do
1. Show the linguistic similarities of Yoruba/Igbo and Any Semitic language
2. Similarities between Isese/Odinani and Judaism or Yahwism
3. Cultural similarities
4. Historical records kept by Igbo and Yoruba talking about Hebrews
5. Hebrew alphabet in Yorubaland or igboland

Very simple, if you can do at least 3 of this intelligent people would begin to take you seriously
Threats won't get you anywhere

macof:


You must be very stuupid to threaten me

Simple task you are required to do
1. Show the linguistic similarities of Yoruba/Igbo and Any Semitic language
2. Similarities between Isese/Odinani and Judaism or Yahwism
3. Cultural similarities
4. Historical records kept by Igbo and Yoruba talking about Hebrews
5. Hebrew alphabet in Yorubaland or igboland

Very simple, if you can do at least 3 of this intelligent people would begin to take you seriously
Threats won't get you anywhere

And you must be carrying all the foolishness in the world to say that. How can I show or whatever it is you request when you made them ban my post. I'm pissed really, cos if nairaland is to ban why don't they send a warning message before they do so, I have no other option but to think you caused the ban, besides you comment on every thread I'm so.....
Back to the real issue: when I said read about the semites I donot mean read like a typical Nigerian, read like someone who is searching for answers 'read/see between the lines'. And for the code you said I and my group developed, sorry to say we did not develop it, it has always been in existence. The codes have not been uploaded on the website only because its heavy/lengthy, and we are discouraged about the reading habits of country men, so only when people are truly interested then it would uploaded.

Forgive my insulting you/foul language.

mimijj:


So are you saying Hebrew is not Isreal? Please explain the difference. Besides what is Yoruba?

'Yoruba' is the name of the heroine of the ancient Yoruba people at the time of migration, the queen regent. The Yoruba were migrants (awonrin) or explorers (Oje) who discovered the land behind the rivers of Ethiopia.

They dispersed their people across the length and breath of their newly found land and the leadership of that team of migrants (Oduduwa) ended in Yorubaland. Over time, these became the Yoruba and her neighbours.

Thus, the Yoruba is of the same description with her neighbours, you cannot study Yoruba history in isolation from this people, but you can conveniently study Yoruba as a an entity or a section on its own.

Hebrews are not all Israelites, but all Israelites are a branch of the Hebrews.

Yoruba for hebrew is Iberu, and one of Yoruba 'Hebrew hero' is Ojo-'beru, He was the opposer of Aina, so we have Ojo as opposite of Aina. This Ojo is the 'founding hero' so to say of Ibadan, hence it is said 'Ibadan ilu Ojo, ilu Ajayi, ilu Ibikunle, ologun keru loju ogun.'

ojo is from Ibadan, Aina is from Ijebu, so it is said 'Ijebu i j'ojo'.

omototiadewa:


And you must be carrying all the foolishness in the world to say that. How can I show or whatever it is you request when you made them ban my post. I'm pissed really, cos if nairaland is to ban why don't they send a warning message before they do so, I have no other option but to think you caused the ban, besides you comment on every thread I'm so.....
Back to the real issue: when I said read about the semites I donot mean read like a typical Nigerian, read like someone who is searching for answers 'read/see between the lines'. And for the code you said I and my group developed, sorry to say we did not develop it, it has always been in existence. The codes have not been uploaded on the website only because its heavy/lengthy, and we are discouraged about the reading habits of country men, so only when people are truly interested then it would uploaded.

Forgive my insulting you/foul language.

Does this code address any of the 5 questions?

Why should I read about semites to search and find answers for Yoruba history? When am not mad..cus that's madness
I read about semites to learn about semites not Congoid folks
If you want to know Yoruba history, go to the shrine and enquire from the custodians of our ancient knowledge not semites that have no idea you exist

macof:


this is so lame, why should I hate a people or a country..it's people like you with the problem not Israel
But for you, your mental subjugation to Jews is so visible.

CNN is no authority on African history and genetics

What are you? What country do you come from? most importantly what ethnicity?

I don't listen to idiots, only idiots deny evidencd come on. We did you guys get all of that archeologist Evidence from? And still denying DNA evidence how stupid.

macof:


this is so lame, why should I hate a people or a country..it's people like you with the problem not Israel
But for you, your mental subjugation to Jews is so visible.

CNN is no authority on African history and genetics

What are you? What country do you come

from? most importantly what ethnicity?

Are you a Yoruba? Make sense cause you guys hate the Igbo people....well not all Yoruba....just the majority. And I'm African.

TheBlue5:



DNA evidence would only re-confirm what has been proved beyond doubt by every important study: that Igbo culture is Jewish culture. Even the sole dissenter in the CNN interview has conceded publicly severally that the Jews & the Igbos are related by blood.- Remy Ilona

Actually that's not true, DNA confirms that the haplogroups of Igbo people are the same as those around, e.g Igbo people have no "Jewish" DNA, but African DNA that predates "Jewish" DNA.

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2009/04/30/1172257.DC1/Tishkoff.SOM.pdf

TheBlue5:

Are you a Yoruba? Make sense cause you guys hate the Igbo people....well not all Yoruba....just the majority. And I'm African.

very senseless post

ezeagu:


Actually that's not true, DNA confirms that the haplogroups of Igbo people are the same as those around, e.g Igbo people have no "Jewish" DNA, but African DNA that predates "Jewish" DNA.

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2009/04/30/1172257.DC1/Tishkoff.SOM.pdf

Explain the archealogist evidence...
•The Paleo (Ancient) Hebrew script found in a bunch of Igbo territories.
• The many stars of David found in Igbo territories.
• The carbon dating that suggested the Igbo first came to Nigeria around 3,000 BCE
• The Egyptian Model that was found that supported the theory that the first Igbo came from Egypt (around biblical times)
• The other Star of David that also suggest the Igbo came from the ancient city of King David
• The onyx stone that was found at the palace at OBU-Gad that had the name 'Gad' written in Paleo (Ancient) Hebrew.
• The stone throne of Gad at OBU-Gad that had "This throne belongs to my father Gad" written again in Paleo- (ancient) Hebrew built by Eri himself.
• The Nigerian Koba coins (I think it was the Koba ones) that had the Star of David on it.

Now until you can explain all of this, then I will leave you alone, oh and every single last one of them not just a few.

bigfrancis21:


It is clear that all Igbo groups did not originate from the same source. The Nri origin of Igboland applies mostly in Anambra state and few descendant communitites in Enugu (i.e Nsukka, Enugwu-Ezike etc) and Delta Igbo (Igbuzo, etc). Imo/Abia people would tell you they did not descend from Nri via Eri but from some where else. If actual DNA tests would be carried out to establish any ancestral connections, no matter how distant they may be, they will be first conducted on Nri males - men from the Nri clan of Anambra state as men pass their Y-chromosome (the male determining chromosome) from father to son to grandson unaltered. Hence the Y-DNA sample of any male picked at random, when tested, would contain an almost preserved copy of his original male ancestor passed down to him from grandfather to father to him unaltered over the years.

The legendary Eri group who settled in Nri may have been an originally Hebrew group that wandered away from Egypt during the time of Hebrew presence in Egypt, when the Hebrews were still originally black, further south and settled in the current Anambra area, where they came in contact with an already existing Igbo-speaking group and over time integrated with the larger community. However, they may have brought with them evidence of their years of stay in Egypt such as Hebrew traditions, Egyptian-like pottery and sculpting i.e. Igbo-ukwu crafts, Igbo Pyramids of Udi which are strikingly similar to the steppe pyramids of egypt - all of which they left behind in Nri and environs and being mnemonics of their time in Egypt. The kingdom of Nri was the Igbo group known to produce priests, who were won't to visit other Igbo areas performing religious rites, similar to the religious roles of the Levite tribe of Israel (the tribe that produced the priests of Israel).

I am not saying Igbos hould claim Jews. It reeks of inferiority. However, there is some possibility that there might be some ancestral connection between ancient hebrews and ancient Igbo of Nri axis. Notice my usage of 'hebrews' and not 'jews'. Modern so-called Jews are not the original hebrews, they are mainly kazahstanis who converted to Judaism in the 12th century. The original hebrews were a black people, as the bible confirms it. Also, science confirms that the first people on earth were blacks, from which other races were born. The bible says that Adam was the first man on earth. He could not have been white since the white gene, which is recessive cannot produce any other race apart from white. However, only 2 black people will come together and produce offsprings that look like other different races. If Adam was so-called white, at what point in the history of man did black people come by? Or are we inferring here that whites are the first people on earth, who gave birth to the black race??

The ancestral connection between Igbos and ancient hebrews isn't inferiority, however it might prove that Igbo are the original form of the Hebrews, before the hebrews mixed up with the persians, etc and lightened over the years.

As for the dna stuff,igbo males irrespective of whatever state they come from have Y chromozones and E Mtdna group which is very related to Efik,Ibibio,Cameron and Gabon. As funny as it sounds,Yorubas are the ones with a little foreign Dna. So the Nri, Gad stuff is irrelevant amongst igbos. From what i read, Igbos are a combination of some ancient Indigenous West african group akin to the Sans of South Africa and some invading Africans from East Africa.

ezeagu:


Actually that's not true, DNA confirms that the haplogroups of Igbo people are the same as those around, e.g Igbo people have no "Jewish" DNA, but African DNA that predates "Jewish" DNA.

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2009/04/30/1172257.DC1/Tishkoff.SOM.pdf

• And the swastikas that also have been found in Igboland, the swastikas are also found in ancient synagogues in israel.