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Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Properties / How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) (76786 Views)
Newly Built Bungalow, 3 Bedroom And A Room And Parlour / The Making Of A Low Budget 5 Bedroom Duplex (with Costs) / 5 Bedroom Bungalow & 3 Bedroom Bungalow (2) (3) (4)
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Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abouzaid: 9:19am On Jul 05, 2015 |
abdulwastecx:in layman's terms(1) 1.5 milla for a six inches thick German floor, the foundation would be two and half feet higher than the ground(3 blocks with a six inches high German floor),wire guage inside with a total of 15 pillars in the in the house (2) the upper part of the house would be built with nine inches blocks,two chain lintels etc 1.5milla (3) roofing with very strong treated wood and aluminum roofing 1.5milla (4) final touch up with tiles, plastic ceiling burglary proof, aluminium windows etc 2milla. so total cost 6.5 milla. anxiously waiting for the breakdown 2 Likes |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abdulwastecx(m): 9:29am On Jul 05, 2015 |
substructures: ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT RATE AMOUNT(N) ELEMENT NR 1 SUBSTRUCTURE (ALL PROVISIONAL) A Setting out of foundation using profile board sum ₦ 30,000.00 B Provision of water source (bore hole ) sum Preparation of soil for building construction E Excavating; trench for strip foundation; exceeding of 675mm in width; maximum depth not exceeding 750mm; starting from, ditto 150 m ₦ 500.00 ₦ 75,000.00 Filling G Back filling with selected materials arising from excavations, deposited and compacted in 150mm layers 12 room ₦ 4,000.00 ₦ 48,000.00 H 450mm Thick filling imported and deposited over the back filled earth, deposited and compacted in 150mm Layers 12 trip ₦ 13,000.00 ₦ 156,000.00 sum ₦ 309,000.00 Concrete work J Plain in - situ concrete ( 1:2:4/19mm Aggregate ) Vibrated reinforced in - situ concrete ( 1: 2 : 4 / 19mm Aggregate ) filled into formwork and well packed around reinforcement ( formwork and reinforcement both measured separately ) in : 1. Number of bags of cement for strip footing/column work 60 bag 2,000.00 ₦ 120,000.00 2. trip of sand for the foundation work of 10tonnage sand 2.0 trip 30,000.00 ₦ 60,000.00 3. trip of gravel of 30 tonnage gravel 1 trip 220,000.00 ₦ 220,000.00 4. workmanship for the concrete work 60 bag 800.00 ₦ 48,000.00 sum ₦ 448,000.00 K DPC oversite concrete of 150mm thick 15cubic meters ( 1:3:6/19mm Aggregate ) 1. Number of bags of cement for the oversite concrete 50 bag 2,000.00 ₦ 100,000.00 2. trip of sand for the foundation work of 10tonnage sand 2.0 trip 28,000.00 ₦ 56,000.00 3. trip of gravel of 30 tonnage gravel 0.0 trip 220,000.00 ₦ -00 4. workmanship for the concrete work 50 bag 800.00 ₦ 40,000.00 sum ₦ 196,000.00 Reinforcement for column base (basket ) and starter column High Yield steel bar to BS 4461 in strength and bent bars ( All Provisional ) L 12mm Diameter in column bases 25 nr 1,200.00 ₦ 30,000.00 M 12mm Diameter in column as starter bars 14 nr 1,200.00 ₦ 16,800.00 N 10mm Diameter ditto as links and stirrups 14 nr 1,000.00 ₦ 14,000.00 O workmanship for both column base and starter column 24 nr 2,200.00 ₦ 30,000.00 sum ₦ 90,800.00 Sawn formwork to P Four sides of Columns (24 nr) 20 nr 1,200.00 ₦ 24,000.00 Q Edges of bed 150mm high 10 nr 1,200.00 ₦ 12,000.00 R 2 x 3 brazing 100 nr 250.00 ₦ 25,000.00 S Workmanship and other miscellaneous sum ₦ 20,000.00 sum ₦ 81,000.00 Blockwork Superior quality hollow sandcrete blockwork bedded and jointed in cement and sand mortar (1:6) in foundation and filled solid with weak concrete ( 1:3:6/19mm Aggregate) T 225mm thick sancrete block 1250 nr 155.00 ₦ 193,750.00 U Cement for moltar joint 40 bag 2,000.00 ₦ 80,000.00 V Sand for block mortar joint 1 trip 28,000.00 ₦ 28,000.00 W workmanship for block laying 1400 nr 50.00 ₦ 70,000.00 sum ₦ 371,750.00 To collection ₦ 1,496,550.00 SUBSTRUCTURE ELEMENT NR 1 To Bill ( Summary ) ₦ 1,496,550.00 1 Like |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abdulwastecx(m): 9:31am On Jul 05, 2015 |
superstructures: ELEMENT NR 2 GROUND FLOOR WALL, LINTEL AND COLUMNS Blockwork Superior quality hollow sandcrete blockwork bedded and jointed in cement and sand mortar 1:6 A 225mm Blockwall 3000 nr 155.00 ₦ 465,000.00 B Cement required for the mortar 60 bag 2,000.00 ₦ 120,000.00 ₦ -00 D Sand required for the mortar 2 trip 30,000.00 ₦ 60,000.00 ₦ -00 E workmanship for laying blocks 3500 nr 75.00 ₦ 262,500.00 Vibrated reinforced in - situ concrete ( 1: 3 : 6 / 19mm Aggregate ) filled into formwork and well reinforcement ( formwork and reinforcement both measured packed around separately) in : F Columns : Column type 2 : 225 x 225mm (24nr) , volume = 11.4m3 1. Cement 15 bag 2,000.00 ₦ 30,000.00 2. Sand 0.5 trip 28,000.00 ₦ 14,000.00 4. Workmanship for concreting 15 bag 800.00 ₦ 12,000.00 G Lintel ( 225 x 225mm ) of about 120m length 1. Cement 30 bag 2,000.00 ₦ 60,000.00 2. Sand 1.0 trip 28,000.00 ₦ 28,000.00 4. Workmanship for concreting 30 bag 800.00 ₦ 24,000.00 Reinforcement H High Yield steel bar to BS 4461 in straight and bent bars ( All Provisional ) I 12mm Diameter in lintel 45 nr 1,200.00 ₦ 54,000.00 J 10mm lintel in ditto as links and stirrups 25 nr 1,000.00 ₦ 25,000.00 M Workmanship for column iron work 24 nr 1,200.00 ₦ 28,800.00 N Workmanship for lintel iron work sum ₦ 50,000.00 Formwork to: P Sides of lintel sawn plank of 300 x 25mm 60 nr 900.00 ₦ 54,000.00 O 75 x 50mm for brazing wood 40 nr 250.00 ₦ 10,000.00 P Nails and other miscellaneous sum ₦ 15,000.00 Q Workmanship for formwork sum ₦ 50,000.00 GROUND FLOOR ELEMENT NR 2 To Bill ( Summary ) ₦ 1,362,300.00 1 Like |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by Nobody: 11:38am On Jul 05, 2015 |
For your Aluminium works pls contact Perfect Touch Aluminium via 08153665659, 08067079715. We beautify your home with our designs , we handle both Aluminium roofings as well . Thanks
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Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abouzaid: 12:07pm On Jul 05, 2015 |
Abdul say the truth, what's your favourite textbook in school? this is the standard way to build a house. even hurricanes and earthquakes would inflict little or no damage to it. keep it up. |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abdulwastecx(m): 12:18pm On Jul 05, 2015 |
abouzaid: Thank you sir my brother... i just learn and pick up some skills from people i had worked under in the past... i have worked under architect , building technologies, civil engineers, land surveys etc. I actually major in civil engineering... books like advance engineering maths, hydraulics, highway engineering, engineering surveys, soil mechanics, road geometry, advance structures ( especially those on stiffness matrix ) |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by mufutau55(m): 12:23pm On Jul 05, 2015 |
USAutoBuy: Yes. Rising cost of materials nowadays is not a joke.. Also in Port-Harcourt, I think their soil there needed stronger foundations as the OP has constructed. Spyder880 always mentioned the water prone soil of Port-Harcourt. OP is very good at what he does. Hajji M. 1 Like |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abdulwastecx(m): 12:25pm On Jul 05, 2015 |
mufutau55: thank you sir, how about your project sir...i have been trying to get in touch sir |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by mufutau55(m): 12:28pm On Jul 05, 2015 |
abdulwastecx: Thanks Boss. Yes. I just got your Whatsapp this morning and intend to reply... The project is still at decking level... I am still making arrangements but also scared of the raining season. Thank you. Hajji M. |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abdulwastecx(m): 5:46pm On Jul 05, 2015 |
mufutau55: dont be scared of the raining season sir |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by SHABZ: 9:20pm On Jul 05, 2015 |
Hi Abdul, Lovely thread you've got here, learnt so much that my contractor gets scared whenever I ask questions... I have a few questions for you based on a project I'm about to embark on: 1) Is Hardcore (boulder) required for bungalow foundation in a dry piece of land? 2) Are columns needed for bungalows that do not have parapet? |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abdulwastecx(m): 9:37pm On Jul 05, 2015 |
SHABZ: hardcore is important but building can do without it especially in areas where boulder is very expensive. Most houses here in Rivers don't have hardcore in them. For bungalow without hardcore the laterite filling or sharp sand filling should be compacted very well manually or using a vibrator at interval of 150mm (6" ![]() Columns are not necessary in bungalows because they are built on the assumptions that the partition walls are load bearer. Since, sancrete block sold in Nigeria are of lower quality it is safer and preferable to include some columns at critical span to reduce direct load on the partition walls. The cost of such columns in many cases are considerably low compare to the work they do ( check above the cost i gave for the columns in the building above) |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abouzaid: 9:46pm On Jul 05, 2015 |
abdulwastecx:i think you intended to say that the sandcrete are of lower quality. renting a vibrating machine to produce your own blocks on site would solve that since you can then mix it to be strong. in my own thinking columns are nice but not necessary a must in a dry area not prone to environmental hazards like flash flooding. |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abdulwastecx(m): 9:54pm On Jul 05, 2015 |
abouzaid: you are on point sir...most sancrete block produce here fall withing say 0.5 - 1.5N/mm2 which to me don't have the necessary strength to sustain the structure for a very long period of time compare to a weak concrete of say 20N/mm2. Column is not compulsory but adding a few will not cost much, and will surely improve structural integrity of your building |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by SHABZ: 10:12pm On Jul 05, 2015 |
abdulwastecx: Thanks a lot. More power to your elbows. |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by bigjallow: 1:27am On Jul 06, 2015 |
Please guys i really struggle to know the differences between sqare meters and meter square as soon in the plan. Also the big numbers shown in the plan. Can someone please help in giving me the sizes of the plan in meters please this is how i know sizes. I love the house so much. How much blocks and cement do you think and complete this house? PHfinest: 2 Likes |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by rotexaro(m): 4:11am On Jul 06, 2015 |
WHAT WILL IT COST TO BUILD A 4BEDROOM BUNGALOW WITH 2BEDROOM ADJOIN TO A ROOFING LEVEL |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by erico2k2(m): 8:25pm On Jul 07, 2015 |
abdulwastecx:have a look at my plan i did see if you can add any suggestion, thanks https://www.nairaland.com/2434106/diy-drawing-floor-plan |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by PropTrader: 8:38pm On Jul 07, 2015 |
adeekiti: Show us your works. Thats the way to go. .....and show us the installation process so that we are sure you are the one that did it and not fronting somebody else's work. Just friendly advice. |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by peaceland(m): 9:23pm On Jul 07, 2015 |
abdulwastecx:well done sir, patiently waiting to see how 2m will cover the finishing stage, I agree with all other stages but still cracking my head on how the 2m finishing will work for tiles, wiring, fittings, kitchen, wardrobes, bathroom fittings, painting, phcn meter, doors. Also seems no provision for fence Thanks a lot for the education so far sir |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by Nobody: 12:06am On Jul 08, 2015 |
PropTrader:thank u sir , u can see my works on my post sir, thanks |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abdulwastecx(m): 5:51am On Jul 08, 2015 |
here is what i finally come up with 2 Likes 1 Share
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Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abdulwastecx(m): 6:49am On Jul 08, 2015 |
peaceland: The fittings includes the following 1. plumbing work, which will be in two stages. piping of water distribution/waste system, and fittings. 2. Wiring work is expected to be a full conduit type in three stages: piping work, wiring and fittings 3. Plastering work of all the rooms and external walls: the plastering is expected to be 12.5mm thick ( 1/2'') with a mix ratio of 1:6 4. the tiling work will cover the whole area with a screed of 50mm (1:6), tiles of 450 x 450mm, toilet tiles of 300mm x 300mm 5. Aluminum sliding window of 1500mm x 1200mm, 1200mm x 1200mm, and 600mm x 600mm. all the windows with inner net. 6. Chinese doors: entrance of 1200mm x 2100mm ( iron door), 900mm x 2100mm (exit iron doorr), 4 number of 900mm x 2100mm wooden panel door, 4 number of 750mm x 2100mm wooden panel doors 7. Painting work Note: excluding compound interlocks, furniture's such as kitchen cabinets, wall wardrobes, fence, entrance gate, security house etc ITEM DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION QTN UNIT RATE AMOUNT(N) ELEMENT NR 9 ELEMENT NR 2 CEILING FINISHINGS FINISHING Internal work CEILING A Polyvinyl chloride linear ceiling nailed to timber noggings 15 bundle ₦ 6,500.00 ₦ 97,500.00 D 50 x 50mm Hardwood noggings Transportation sum ₦ 20,000.00 CEILING FINISHINGS PLUMBING A Allow the Provisional sum of N150,000 :00k for sanitary Allowance of a provisional sum for waste and water fittings, accessories and pipework to be executed complete distributions system ₦ 80,000.00 Supply and fix the following sanitary appliances B Urinals Warter closet 4 nr ₦ 10,000.00 ₦ 40,000.00 C W.C washing hannd basin 6 nr ₦ 5,000.00 ₦ 30,000.00 D Wash hand basin Toilet roller 4 nr ₦ 1,000.00 ₦ 4,000.00 E Toilet roll holder shower pole 4 nr ₦ 1,500.00 ₦ 6,000.00 F Towel Rail shower tray 4 nr ₦ 1,500.00 ₦ 6,000.00 G Workmanship ₦ 100,000.00 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION A Allow a provisional sum of N750,000.00 for the electrical Allowance of a provisional sum For a full conduit Sum ₦ 350,000.00 work and builder's work electrical piping, wiring and fittings DOORS AND IRONMONGERY Timber Doors , Sub-frame, Frames, Architraves and Ironmongery. 44mm Thick solid core panel door or other equal and approved doors, complete with sub-frame, frame, architraves and brass ironmongery to Architect's details A Ditto,size 900 x 2100mm High 4 nr ₦ 20,000.00 ₦ 80,000.00 B Ditto,size 750 x 2100mm high 4 nr ₦ 18,000.00 ₦ 72,000.00 Steel Security doors 48mm Thick approved doors, with fully special boards including 2mm thick iron plate, with polyurethane finishing, including two pairs of special steel hinges complete with solid wood frame and architraves and brass ironmongery to Architect's details C Ditto size 1800 x 2100mm 120mm x 2100mm 2 nr ₦ 35,000.00 ₦ 70,000.00 ALUNINIUM WINDOWS Supply and fixed the Approved powdered coated aluminium composite window with5mm thick tinted glass,with necessary ironmongery and fixing pinning lugs to concrete or blockwall surround and bedding frame in cement and sand mortar (1:6) and pointing internally and externally in mastic, to the approval of the Architect A 1500mm x 1200mm 7 nr ₦ 20,000.00 ₦ 140,000.00 B 1000mm x 1200mm 3 nr ₦ 15,000.00 ₦ 45,000.00 C 600mm x 600mm 4 nr ₦ 8,000.00 ₦ 32,000.00 IRON PROTECTOR Fabricated and fixed to Architectural specification of the Architect A 1800mm x 1200mm 7 nr ₦ 10,000.00 ₦ 70,000.00 B 1000mm x 1200mm 3 nr ₦ 7,000.00 ₦ 21,000.00 C 600mm x 600mm 4 nr ₦ 5,000.00 ₦ 20,000.00 FLOOR FINISHINGS Internal Work Tiles, slab and block finishings 400 x 400 x 10mm Thick fully glazed vitrified tiles laid with grey adhesive powder, including grouting up joints with white, cement laid on screeded bed( measured separately ) 180 nr ₦ 2,500.00 ₦ 450,000.00 Beds and backing Cement and sand ( 1: 3 ) 30mm Thick Screeded bed to receive vitrified/ceramic Cement 30 bag ₦ 2,000.00 ₦ 60,000.00 Sand 1 trip ₦ 30,000.00 ₦ 30,000.00 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION PAINTING WORK A Allow a provisional sum for the electrical ₦ 350,000.00 Allowance of a provisional sum for the painting work Sum ₦ 350,000.00 ELEMENT NR 2 To Bill ( Summary ) SUPERVISION AND LOGISTICS ₦ 2,173,500.00 4 Likes 2 Shares |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by laplace19(m): 8:53pm On Jul 08, 2015 |
Oga Abdul..... you are always on point. In fact, I don learn many things from you and I am willing to learn more....just that my phone bin crash so I no come follow this post on time. Please eeh, check that ELEMENT 3... sum of mix ratio is 10 (1:3:6),I know you mistakenly used 9... Also, when determining the Number of bags of cement, tonnes of sand and gravel, I think what we should be multiplying with should be the "wet density of concrete " which ranges from 2400-2500kg/m3(Generally, most people use 2400) depending on the mix ratio and the characteristic strength of the concrete and not the density of the materials(cement, sand, gravel)... Please, check it out and give me feedback,cos I will really appreciate . A layman in Civil Engineering may not understand my point, but as a guru you are am sure you gonna understand. |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by fash78(m): 9:19pm On Jul 08, 2015 |
Nice work. Keep it up |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abdulwastecx(m): 10:15pm On Jul 08, 2015 |
laplace19: thank you for that arithmetic correction my brother. with regards to the quantity of constituents materials, I am of the opinion that their respective density is the major determinant of their quantity in cement. For example, for a cubic of concrete when wet, the only material that is lost after setting and hydration process are water, void and to some extent heat ( this doesn't occupy much space). this materials especially water are also constituents and their weight need to be determine prior to mixing. concrete tense to shrink after setting ( harden) due to loss of moisture (water) content using the relative density of concrete will not give us a through reflection of the quantity of the constituent materials. Assuming we want to produce one cubic meter of concrete using 1:2:4 a volume of concrete will have the followings constituents 1. 1/7x 1 = 0.143m3 of cement 2. 2/7x2 = 0.286m3 of sand 3. 1-0.143-0.286 = 0.571m3 of gravel 4. 0.55x143= 77liters of water small increase of 25% can then be allowed to cater for increase in volume due to shrinkage and poor handling of concrete. since it will be impossible to go to the market and get these materials in unit such as m3, you will need to convert them to unit understood by trade men. Language such as bags, tonnes and liters comes to mind. to convert the quantity of cement in volume to weight you need to know the density of THAT MATERIAL because of the relationship between them is: density = mass/volume thus; cement requires becomes = 0.143 x 1506/50 = 5bags (aprox) sand is been sold in tonnes, quantity of sand = 0.286x1.6 = 0.5tonnes (aprox) gravel also comes in tonnes, quantity of gravel =0.571 x 2.4 = 1.5tonnes of gravel (aprox) note where, 1506kg/m3, 1600/1000(tonne), and 2400/1000(tonne) are the density of cement, sand, and gravel respectively |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by laplace19(m): 12:25am On Jul 09, 2015 |
abdulwastecx: Sir Abdul, thanks for taking your time to type this.. it's becoming interesting and believe me, the reason why I want both of us to tackle this is because you are a first class brain..... now to the matter, One thing I understand about your own method of using different densities of cement, sand, and gravel is that it works best for Standard mixes (1:2:4, 1:3:6,etc) due to incorporation of 25% for wastage and shrinkage . I recently carried out a final year project with a design mix of 1: 1.38 :2.35 for a target strength of 38.20N/mm2 for 12 cube moulds, 12 beam moulds and 12 cylindrical moulds with total volume of 0.26614m3... Now, using the density of cement gave me a number of 1.69 bags (approximately 2 bags of cement).... Also, using the "wet density of concrete of 2410kg/m3" which I got from my design mix gave me a number of 2.71 bags (approximately 3 bags)..... now after carrying out this project of mine I used about 2.8 of the 3.0 bags I bought... Again, using different densities of cement, sand and gravel for a mix ratio of 1:2:4 will alter the mix ratio to 1:2:6 from your calculation which goes thus : Cement(5bags):sand(0.5ton):gravel(1.5ton) 250kg : 500kg : 1500kg 1 : 2 : 6 since the 1:2:4 is a STANDARD MIX (which the labourers will work with as 1 bag of cement, 4 head pans of sand and 8 head pans of gravel) it won't be affected, but when it's a DESIGN MIX it will be greatly affected thus reducing the compressive strength. I have compared the two methods (ie using different densities of the constituents and the wet density of concrete) using a 150 x 150 x 150mm cube, cured for 28 days and crushed in the laboratory using a compressive testing machine and that of "wet density of concrete " gave the desired strength. I know you will be too busy now to try this and compare.. |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by Johnsonsp(m): 10:04am On Jul 09, 2015 |
I need someone to check this out for me, this is the estimate I was given for my 3bedroom. Need someone to cross check this price for me if their ok.. And if anyone could give real price of all this matirals.. Thank u
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Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by snakebeat: 11:46am On Jul 09, 2015 |
abdulwastecx:Nice job sir. Is d green flat roofing for cars? What's d difference btw sancrete & vibrated blocks. Thanks for this thread... |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by snakebeat: 12:04pm On Jul 09, 2015 |
abdulwastecx:Sir is head beam course necessary for buildings to be roof with timber? Or does it play another function apart from receiving roof members? Thanks. 1 Like |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abdulwastecx(m): 4:32am On Jul 10, 2015 |
snakebeat: head beam is necessary but not a a must have...if you can afford it its better to have head beam atleast on the exterior wall. these are the functions of head beam 1. it help to receive the roof truss, especially in winding area 2. it serve as ring beam to tie the building at the roof level, this helo to avoid cracking due to excessive loading on the walls. |
Re: How To Build A Low Budget Bungalow ( 3 Bedroom Flat As Case Study) by abdulwastecx(m): 4:36am On Jul 10, 2015 |
laplace19: please can i have a copy of your thesis ? |
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