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Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Politics / MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s (4493 Views)
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MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by Ahmed4002(m): 2:45pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
It was over 34 years ago, the 18 th of December, 1980 to be precise. A Fulani teacher named Shehu Shagari was the first elected civilian Nigerian President but the nation he was leading was in flames, set alight by a skinny but energetic man who spoke high-pitched Fulani like him too. The security forces were helpless and even the Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces seemed confused. The violence, the horror and the terror that ensued from the wild ideas of one old man who was not even a Nigerian was about to consume the nation. Sheer madness was mixed with agonizing destruction as major cities burned. Untamed hordes of insurgents brandishing all sorts of primitive weapons like bows and arrows, dane guns, leopard skins to serve as bulletproof vests, and powdered charms went from house to house in the northern state of Kano and went on looting, maiming, burning, raping and killing as they wished. But despite the low sophistication of their weapons, their pattern of destruction was so brutal and complete that in a matter of just days, about 5,000 Nigerians lay dead. Considering the fact that Boko Haram’s activities have claimed the lives of over 15,000 Nigerians since 2009, you will appreciate the scope and degree of violence of this red-faced sect that killed so much Nigerians in just 12 days. Maitatsine had become a terror and a fast-growing one, with 12,000 followers ready to march to the death on the vehement orders of their much-revered spiritual leader. For the first time in the history of Nigeria, religious differences would lead to the loss of thousands of lives and Nigerians would witness a horror that would be surpassed only by the Nigerian Civil War which had ended ten years earlier. SEEDS OF TERROR: THE ORIGIN The founder of the Maitatsine sect, Alhaji Mohammed (Muhammadu) Marwa was not a Nigerian even if his activities would later lead to the loss of thousands of precious Nigerian lives. He migrated from the town of Marwa (Maroua) in northern Cameroon to Kano State in 1945. In 1960, Nigeria became an independent nation but the politics that would follow in Kano State was far from peaceful. The senseless jostling for power by the politicians led to an entropy in the society, and Maitatsine,who was already gaining some followership, took advantage and rode on this resultant wave of disorder initially generated by the power-hungry politicians. Unemployment soared, crime rate increased, poverty was not abating, people were disgruntled and the citizens were already tired of the fumbling and corrupt politicians. It was at that time that Maitatsine decided to launch his own movement. His message was simple but brutally efficient: to oppose the government and even orthodox Islam itself. He had transformed himself into another creature, one that would terrorize the world’s most populous black nation. |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by Ahmed4002(m): 2:45pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
LOVE, FAMILY AND MARRIAGE Maitatsine was reportedly a caring husband and father but it is not clear the precise layout of his familly but he was polygamous. His children lived above and outside the law. One of his sons, Tijani, once told a neighbour that the amount of weapons under the bed of his father in his room alone would wipe out the entire police force. It is believed that the death of Tijani, Maitatsine’s son was a turning point in his life. One fateful day, Tijani went out with his friends to one of their wild parties as usual. A very sad piece of news would later reach Maitatsine that his son was dead, he was shot in unclear circumstances. As Maitatsine set his eyes on the blood-stained lifeless body of his son, he cried in agony saying: ‘ Oh the people of Kano, what have I done to you to deserve this? ’ Maitatsine believed the death of his son was orchestrated by his enemies i.e the government forces and that the people of Kano would definitely pay for it. His tone change markedly from that point on. Maitatsine was absolutely against the government and anything that represent constituted authority. Even the Emir of Kano was not safe from his wrath. He would later be known for his fierce and curse-filled speeches against the Nigerian government. It was this practice that earned him the nickname Mai Tatsine. That was because he would mount the pulpit and lash out in his red-hot speeches in a not-too-perfect Hausa: Allah ya tsine maka albarka! (Meaning: May God deprive you of His blessings!) He would continue thus: Whoever uses wristwatches, radios or ride bicycles, Allah ya tsine maka albarka! In no time, the people of Kano quickly labelled him Mai Tatsine which can be loosely translated to mean ‘ the one with curses ’ or ‘the one who curses’. But that was not all. There was another dimension to Maitatsine’s teachings that alarmed millions all over northern Nigeria: he preached clearly against the conventional form of Islam. He came with his own brand of puritanical Islam and condemned everything else. The Emir of Kano, Muhammadu Sanusi, (who incidentally was the grandfather of the former Central Bank Governor, Mallam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi and now the Emir of Kano) was shocked at Maitatsine’s audacity. A majority of the city’s clerics were also appalled and outraged at Maitatsine’s teachings and the challenge that he would pose as an obstacle to constituted authority, both in the religious and political spheres. But the man from Cameroon did not even send anyone of them, including the all-powerful Emir. He continued his fiery ‘preachings’ and scary sermons to his amused followers, who obviously lapped up and enjoyed everything he said. |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by Ahmed4002(m): 2:46pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
TEACHINGS Maitatsine’s teachings were quite interesting indeed. Although many may see Boko Haram as a new creation or novel development, the truth of the matter is that this is not the first time in the history of Nigeria that a fundamentalist religious sect would challenge the state with their audacious teachings and unleash maximum destruction in a bid to establish their own version of how a society should operate. Maitatsine spoke with anger and instructed his followers that: -Western education is a sin. -The use of money is not important and even accumulating too much money is a grave sin. He preached that sleeping with more than one naira was lack of trust in Allah. He encouraged his followers to dress simply and they were engaged in low-paying occupations as begging, transient labourers, cart pushers, petty traders and tea sellers. etc THE POWER Maitatsine’s genius laid in his ability to utilize the contemporary social problems like poverty, despair, corruption and unemployment as tools to indoctrinate hopeless youths and then turn them against the government, simultaneously blaming the government as the source of their misery. His cult was massive and as at December 1980, he had between 8,000 and 12,000 members ( Falola, 1998, 143 ). He would send his followers out in small groups of three to five to preach at major junctions near the Sabon Gari Mosque or in places around Koki and Kofar Wombai where they ferociously attacked secularism, modernity, corruption and blasted the other clerics. It was rumoured that Maitatsine was supported by one of the wealthiest contractors in Kano and that he even got assistance from politicians but there is no evidence for this. His mystique was fed by tales of his magical powers, tales of cannibalism and human slaughter, hypnotized students and brainwashed women. As he spoke with considerable rage from his pulpit, his gleeful supporters and frenzied followers nodded in agreement to everything Maitatsine said. To them, he was nothing but an angel, God’s own manifestation on the face of the earth. Many swore they would lay down their lives for him, and they were not joking. At the height of his power and influence, Mohammed Marwa was the toast of the high and mighty. At a point, Marwa had become so powerful to the extent that he operated his own autonomous enclave. Because his followers regarded other Muslims as heretics, they avoided the general population and lived in an isolated section of the city. You know, in the Reverend Jim Jones style. Like the Hamaliyya sect of the Tijanniya order, the Maitatsine preferred to live in their own hermit kingdom, creating a minuscule North Korea in the heart of Kano. Interestingly, one of the fastest and most efficient ways to indoctrinate anyone is to isolate them or cut them off from relatives and friends and then subject them to a constant stream of sweet propaganda. Maitatsine and his followers lived in an area of Kano called Yan Awaki, it was a vast tsangaya (community) on its own. In this enclave, he was the absolute ruler and the king that no one dared question. He was clearly, a power unto himself. From within the comfort provided by the confines of his Yan Awaki residence, he launched scathing verbal assaults against the city’s imperial ruler, Emir Sanusi who was the traditional leader of all Muslims in the city. With thousands of eager youths at his beck and call, flanking him on all sides and ready to carry out his even his flimsiest instructions to the last, Maitatsine felt he had the height of it all. He became bolder, more confrontational and even more daring as the sun rose and set. But the Emir, the government and the security agents were not finding his astronomical rise and popularity funny at all. The royal institution in ‘collabo’ with the religious establishment and with the tacit support of the state government, decided to act fast before this volcano blew up on their turbaned heads. So in the year 1962, the Emir released a royal edict indicting Marwa of various crimes. He was accused of preaching illegally and for engaging in what is called shatimati or abusive speech in fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). An obstinate Maitatsine was then brought before a qadi (Muslim judge) to face proper judgment. It was not funny at all. The qadi sentenced him to 90 days in jail and after serving out his sentence, he was promptly deported to Cameroon. |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by honeychild(f): 2:48pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
Finish d story na |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by Ahmed4002(m): 2:50pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
Many thought that was the end but the battle had just started. Maitatsine would return, full of renewed vigour, hate and anger. When he was catapulted into Cameroon from Kano, he continued with his subversive teachings much to the anger of the local authorities in Cameroon who then bundled him again and threw him into Gongola State in another wave of ‘repatriation’ in early 1963. That same year, Maitatsine’s old enemy, the Emir of Kano would abdicate the throne and the coast was finally clear: Maitatsine sneaked back into Kano. The Nigerian populace would suddenly be rudely woken up to the latest brand of terror in town. After Maitatsine managed to slip back into Nigeria ( na wa for our immigration pipu sef) and made his way back to Kano, he properly settled in his Yan Awaki area. Bitter and enraged, he would once again warm his way into the hearts of his followers who believed that he was unjustly victimized by the Kano elite and monarchy. A very clever and intelligent man, Maitatsine was not blind to all these developments and in time, he would make his boldest claim ever. He told his enthusiastic followers that he was the forerunner of the much-awaited Mahdi (Saviour or Messiah) who would wipe away all their tropical tears and take to the much-desired Promised Land. He said he was the saviour to rescue them from the tyranny of the establishment. He would banish the infidels, bring peace to the land, erase all their wheelbarrow-pushing suffering and water-hawking stress. For centuries, West African Muslims (and others across the globe) believed (and still believe) that a Mahdi would eventually emerge to get rid of all the injustices of this world. Maitatsine cashed in on this age- long belief of the people and kukuma declared himself as the one they’ve been waiting for, the one to come before the Mahdi himself. He even compared himself to the late Fulani scholar-warrior, Uthman Dan Fodio. The other Kano clerics could not get their head over Maitatsine’s latest pronouncements, which many of them regarded as nothing but heresy. But while they were trying to grapple with what Maitatsine was saying, he fired another shot. He declared all the hadiths and sunnah (recorded actions, sayings and traditions of Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam) as false and that no one should follow them. Maitatsine did not stop there. He went further to ban his followers from facing Mecca, Saudi Arabia while praying. This clearly went against the standard requirement in Islam that mandated that worshippers face the Ka’aba in Mecca while praying. But that was not Maitatsine’s business. He would release another damning pronouncement: no one must say Allahu Akbar (God is Great) while praying and whoever said so was condemned to Hellfire. Christians, Muslims, government, traditional worshippers, Maitatsine criticized and fought with everybody. You thought he would end there but he did not. The Emir of Kano and the clerics were more than alarmed but Maitatsine was yet to drop the real shocker. He simply declared himself the nabeey (Prophet) after initially making demands to be addressed as a prophet in 1976. His excited followers happily shouted his praise and truly believed in his new gift of prophethood. Still riding his wave of power and influence, he stated that Muslims in northern Nigeria should not mention the name of Prophet Muhammad again, as they regarded him as any other Arab. Reports have it that after his death, copies of the Qu’ran found in Maitatsine’is home were already altered: Prophet Muhammad’s name was replaced with Maitatsine’s name. But that was not even the strangest part. The most curious part was yet to come. He declared that while the Holy Qu’ran was indeed the true word of God, no one but him was in the right position to interpret and explain the contents of the Qu’ran and issue new proclamations in his new status as a prophet. A deafening howl of approval from his thousands of followers assured him that all was well. But all was far from well or even borehole. Just as Maitatsine was busy proclaiming himself the overall lord of the heavens, the earth and all that was in between, his terrified enemies knew that they had to do something really quick if not they would have willingly signed their own documents of annihilation because Maitatsine and his overzealous band of followers would stop at nothing to bitterly fight the opposition this time around. Once bitten, the shame of 1962 would never repeat itself again. For Maitatsine and his followers, their actions were justified and they were backed by God Himself with His Divine Armed Forces with invisible jet fighters. |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by CUM4WHAT(m): 2:55pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
typing............... |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by Ahmed4002(m): 3:19pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
A petrified government watched
helplessly as events snowballed. Other
Muslims in the city were not just angered
at Maitatsine’s arrogant and heretical
pronouncements, they were also genuinely
worried about the menace he was rapidly
constituting. The clerics also knew that
more masculinization of Maitatsine and his
adherents would mean a catalysis of the
progressive erosion of the power and
influence they had enjoyed unbridled for
centuries. Something really decisive had to
be done.
But as his foes were planning, Maitatsine
too was not sleeping, he was scheming. But
his plans were interrupted suddenly in
1973 when the military government of
General Yakubu Gowon started a wave of
arrests and incarceration of religious
leaders who were brainwashing kids for
anti-social activities. Maitatsine was one of
those that they picked up in Kano and he
was promptly given a room in jail. But
when Gowon was overthrown in July 1975
by Murtala Muhammed, people like
Maitatsine regained their freedom and once
again, he was on his way to Kano, this time
around, with some really new and
devastatingly efficient strategies to
ultimately wreak maximum havoc.
Upon reaching Kano, Maitatsine quickly
rallied his lieutenants and divided them
into three wings for recruitment of new
members, each for one sector of Kano City.
The job of the first wing was to recruit
members from the railway stations and
public transport garages. The other two
wings would focus on public parks and
parking lots, the most ideal location to see
the constant troops of ambitious but jobless
youths streaming into the commercial city
of Kano in search of the greener pasture.
Many of these naïve boys would soon be
ensnared to become fighters for Maitatsine.
They were recruited for doom. Some of
them were refugees from Chad, Niger and
Cameroon who joined simply because they
would be guaranteed food, clothing and a
roof over their dusty heads. That was the
initial motivation for many to join. |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by Ahmed4002(m): 3:20pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
But being the troublemaker that he was, Maitatsine would soon land in hot soup again in April 1978 when he was arrested. His violence-laced teachings had brought wahala on his head again. He would spend one horrible year in prison with hard labour before he was released. Following his release, he stopped making public appearances, seemed to melt into the background but his followers became noticeably more outspoken and violent. By October 1979, the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo handed over to the civilian president, Shehu Shagari. With the iron-fisted military gone and a less repressive civilian government in power, the time was perfectly ripe for Maitatsine to emerge from the shadows. He became bolder, expanded his colony (which now had over 6,000 people), forcefully took the property of neighbours and erected illegal structures on it. He even had a kangaroo court in his Yan Awaki colony where offenders, infidels kidnapped by sect members and disloyal members were made to face ‘justice’. He was a law unto himself and built his own ‘state within a state’. As he continued his arrogant strides of defiance, Nigerians in Kano became tired and frustrated and increased pressure on the government to act and do something. Finally, in 1980, the Kano State House of Assembly summoned courage to introduce a bill that would clearly combat abusive religious preaching. But you know the amusing thing? The bill did not pass. |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by Ahmed4002(m): 3:24pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
THE BLOODBATH Maitatsine was on the edge. He summoned his thousands of followers near and beyond to come to his aid and join him in the mother of all battles against the infidels. They heeded his call and flocked in in their thousands. Maitatsine was to lead the attack and all the plans were fine- tuned and perfected. All the ‘holy warriors’ were at alert and ready to fight at the slightest flick of Maitatsine’s slim fingers. The residents of Kano knew trouble was going to explode soon but no one had any precise idea of where and when. Finally, the D-Day came and the venue where demons descended on earth that day was the football field of the Shahuchi Playing Ground where Maitatsine had camped his followers and was giving his usual fiery sermons. Security forces were around his venue to maintain law and order but in an instant, a skirmish broke out between the armed followers of Maitatsine and the Nigerian Police, four police units were actually on a mission to arrest some of his preachers. In a matter of seconds, police officers were killed and their vehicles were in flames. For a people used to living in impunity and believing they were in their own republic, free of any government, the followers of Maitatsine regularly clashed with the Nigerian Police. But this particular clash was extremely bloody. Considering the fact that the government was already planning on how to smoke Maitatsine and his followers out of their fortress and that the populace was already fed up, the government decided to land the blows one after the other. By the time the madness ended, about 5,000 Nigerian lives were wasted. Maitatsine was one of the dead, he was killed in the first wave of fighting. THE AFTERMATH But his sect did not die with him. In fact, in October 1982, his followers would launch another round of violence. This time, it was not in Kano but in the town of Bulunkutu (Bullumkutu) near Maiduguri in Borno State which would later be under siege by the rampaging Boko Haram. What sparked this crisis was the attempt of the police to arrest the sect members. Mohammedu Goni was the Governor of Borno State that time and he was also taken aback with the scale of the ferocity of the Maitatsine sect and the attack spread to Kaduna where 39 members of the sect were killed by the vigilante group (total killed was 44 in Kaduna and at least 452 people had already lost their lives in the Maiduguri attack). It was a brutal assault launched by the surviving remnants of the sect that fled from Kano. (Please note that the Kano crisis of 1982 in which Bala Muhammed, the beloved Secretary to the State Government, SSG of Governor Rimi was murdered in cold blood was a different incident). |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by kazmanbanjoko(m): 3:28pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
Hmmnnn 1 Like 1 Share |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by Ahmed4002(m): 3:30pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
The military head of state, Major-General Muhammadu Buhari, who had barely spent two months in office, responded with a deafening ferocity. He moved in his forces to wipe off the sect from existence with the same ruthlessness that he pursued Chadian forces under President Shagari. General Buhari had flown into Yola to personally on a Wednesday oversee the military offensive against the sect ( AF Press Clips, United States Department of State, Bureau of African Affairs, 1984 ), this include the bombardment of the sect’s hideout at Rumde, a suburb of Yola. The counterattack was so brutal that the Jimeta Main Market was destroyed, over 700 people had died and 30,000 were displaced from their homes by the time the smoke cleared. With constant artillery pounding, the unrest was finally controlled and Maitatsine was severely decimated, the blow was clearly a mortal one. Nigerians were very excited with the offensive with various personalities like Dele Giwa hailing the military campaign. the Buhari- led military regime set up its own panel headed by Mr. Justice Mohammed Lawal Uwais to investigate the causes, remedies and incidental matters of the crisis. ( I must state that under the Buhari regime, the suppression and crackdown on militant religious sects were second to none. The military dictator launched a terrifying wave of repression against sects as the ‘Yan Izala with many of their members imprisoned and tortured by the secret service. Donors like Alhaji Haruna Danja who funded the ‘Yan Izala sect were imprisoned under the charges of corruption. These multiple suppression tactics severely weakened religious sects that had the ability and capability to foment trouble, disturb public peace or undermine state security. However, this would change when Buhari was overthrown on the 27 th of August, 1985 and the incoming regime of General Ibrahim Babangida relaxed the rules and provided a broader political context for sects as the ‘Yan Izala and others. Babangida released the jailed ‘Yan Izala members and supporters, Sheikh Abubakar Gumi was reinstated to his old position as a religious adviser to the president and his sect resumed its controversial preaching and activities ). – Islamic Reform and Political Change in Northern Nigeria by Roman Loimeier, pages 220 – 223. |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by Ahmed4002(m): 3:34pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
THE SECRETS OF MAITATSINE Remember the three recruitment wings of Maitatsine? Yes, once they got batches of new recruits, what followed next was a bizarre initiation ceremony in which they all met Maitatsine who would then administer hypnotizing potions and concoctions on them, special tattoos are made on their abdomens after which they pledged eternal allegiance to him. The new recruits, many of them in their teens would also be given charms and amulets that were supposed to protect them from bullets and other weapons. The military training and combat rehearsal sessions were handled by the sect members who were former officers in the Nigerian Police or the Nigerian Armed Forces. Many people feared them and this made them have this aura of invincibility like Abubakar Shekau has today but in actual sense, all na wash. The ends of violent actors like Maitatsine are usually very shameful indeed. However, it must be said that although there were widespread rumours on the sect receiving weapons from Libya and Israel, the government commission of inquiry set up to look into the crisis found no evidence of any foreign support. In fact, Maitatsine fighters made use of the crudest weapons such as machetes, daggers, bows, knives, arrows, spears and a few rifles but which they used with the devastating efficiency of a King Shaka-led Zulu army. Their main source of financing was alms collecting and that was surely not enough for them to procure arms from overseas. All in all, they launched four devastating series of attacks: Kano (December 1980), Bullunkutu (October 1982), Rigasa (October 1982) and Yola (February 1984). http://naijarchives.com/maitatsine-the-story-of-nigerias-religious-terror-of-the-1980s/ |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by Nobody: 3:50pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
Even without formal education, an average Southerner will never be easily manipulated like a Northerner. Look at how a silly 1diot was able to manipulate the brains of many all in the name of religion just like shekau is doing right now. Take away 1slam and this world will know no terror. Lugard will forever be cursed to making me bear the name Nigerian with these people. ![]() 1 Like |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by honeychild(f): 10:31pm On Jul 12, 2015 |
IdiAmin1: Let us hope Nnamdi Kanu doesnt command his Aba boys one of these days to destroy all "Awusa" and "Ofe mmanu" living in south east. Then you will know that anyone can commit any atrocity if sufficiently indoctrinated. The Hutus in Rwanda were predominantly catholic christians. 2 Likes |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by Sunnah1(m): 1:40pm On May 14, 2016 |
Even without formal education, an average Southerner will never be easily manipulated like a Northerner. Look at how a silly 1diot was able to manipulate the brains of many all in the name of religion just like shekau is doing right now.The voice of the one and the only son of Harlot and kidnapper. I salute your stupidity |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by gidgiddy: 2:06pm On May 14, 2016 |
honeychild: Unlike Maitatsine, Kanu has no interest in political power. He is a freedom fighter. He wouldn't ask anyone to attack 'Awusa' unless it was in self defence. One thing about the Maitatsine story is that it shows the blood thirsty nature of Buhari. This is not to say that a violent religious sect shouldn't be put down, but there are rules of engagement. Buharis "all guns blazing" approach to most matters exposes him as a man bereft of leadership qualities. Only God knows how many innocent people were killed and how many human rights violations were committed by Buhari as he chased after Maitatsine. The surviving sect members of Maitatsine later scattered and regrouped to become present day Boko Haram. |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by naijagobetter(m): 2:41pm On May 14, 2016 |
Ahmed4002:because of the then governor of kano who happen to be his in-law, alj. Abubakar rimi |
Re: MAI TA TSINE, The Story Of Nigeria’s Religious Terror Of The 1980s by naijagobetter(m): 2:57pm On May 14, 2016 |
the op forgot or did not know that mohammed yusuf is adirect descendant of marwa ( maitastine). Rimi the then governor was giving them logistics cos he is his in-law. It was shagari that sign for the military to intervene. |
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