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Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:09pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
INTRODUCTION On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. Three days later, a second B-29 dropped another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people. Japan’s Emperor Hirohito announced his country’s unconditional surrender in World War II in a radio address on August 15, citing the devastating power of “a new and most cruel bomb.” THE MANHATTAN PROJECT Even before the outbreak of war in 1939, a group of American scientists–many of them refugees from fascist regimes in Europe–became concerned with nuclear weapons research being conducted in Nazi Germany. In 1940, the U.S. government began funding its own atomic weapons development program, which came under the joint responsibility of the Office of Scientific Research and Development and the War Department after the U.S. entry into World War II. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was tasked with spearheading the construction of the vast facilities necessary for the top-secret program, codenamed “The Manhattan Project ” (for the engineering corps’ Manhattan district). Over the next several years, the program’s scientists worked on producing the key materials for nuclear fission–uranium-235 and plutonium (Pu-239). They sent them to Los Alamos, New Mexico, where a team led by J. Robert Oppenheimer worked to turn these materials into a workable atomic bomb. Early on the morning of July 16, 1945, the Manhattan Project held its first successful test of an atomic device–a plutonium bomb–at the Trinity test site at Alamogordo, New Mexico. Did You Know? After World War II, most of Hiroshima would be rebuilt, though one destroyed section was set aside as a reminder of the effects of the atomic bomb. Each August 6, thousands of people gather at Peace Memorial Park to join in interfaith religious services commemorating the anniversary of the bombing. NO SURRENDER FOR THE JAPANESE By the time of the Trinity test, the Allied powers had already defeated Germany in Europe. Japan, however, vowed to fight to the bitter end in the Pacific, despite clear indications (as early as 1944) that they had little chance of winning. In fact, between mid-April 1945 (when President Harry Truman took office) and mid-July, Japanese forces inflicted Allied casualties totaling nearly half those suffered in three full years of war in the Pacific, proving that Japan had become even more deadly when faced with defeat. In late July, Japan’s militarist government rejected the Allied demand for surrender put forth in the Potsdam Declaration, which threatened the Japanese with “prompt and utter destruction” if they refused. General Douglas MacArthur and other top military commanders favored continuing the conventional bombing of Japan already in effect and following up with a massive invasion, codenamed “Operation Downfall.” They advised Truman that such an invasion would result in U.S. casualties of up to 1 million. In order to avoid such a high casualty rate, Truman decided–over the moral reservations of Secretary of War Henry Stimson, General Dwight Eisenhower and a number of the Manhattan Project scientists–to use the atomic bomb in the hopes of bringing the war to a quick end. Proponents of the A-bomb–such as James Byrnes, Truman’s secretary of state–believed that its devastating power would not only end the war, but also put the U.S. in a dominant position to determine the course of the postwar world. “LITTLE BOY” AND “FAT MAN” Hiroshima, a manufacturing center of some 350,000 people located about 500 miles from Tokyo, was selected as the first target. After arriving at the U.S. base on the Pacific island of Tinian, the more than 9,000-pound uranium-235 bomb was loaded aboard a modified B-29 bomber christened Enola Gay (after the mother of its pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets). The plane dropped the bomb–known as “Little Boy”–by parachute at 8:15 in the morning, and it exploded 2,000 feet above Hiroshima in a blast equal to 12-15,000 tons of TNT, destroying five square miles of the city. Hiroshima’s devastation failed to elicit immediate Japanese surrender, however, and on August 9 Major Charles Sweeney flew another B-29 bomber, Bockscar, from Tinian. Thick clouds over the primary target, the city of Kokura, drove Sweeney to a secondary target, Nagasaki, where the plutonium bomb “Fat Man” was dropped at 11:02 that morning. More powerful than the one used at Hiroshima, the bomb weighed nearly 10,000 pounds and was built to produce a 22-kiloton blast. The topography of Nagasaki, which was nestled in narrow valleys between mountains, reduced the bomb’s effect, limiting the destruction to 2.6 square miles. At noon on August 15, 1945 (Japanese time), Emperor Hirohito announced his country’s surrender in a radio broadcast. The news spread quickly, and “Victory in Japan” or “V-J Day” celebrations broke out across the United States and other Allied nations. The formal surrender agreement was signed on September 2, aboard the U.S. battleship Missouri, anchored in Tokyo Bay. SOURCE |
Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:09pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
"Little Boy" unit rests on a trailer cradle in a pit below the open bomb bay doors of the B-29 Superfortress bomber "Enola Gay" on the 509th Composite Group base at Tinian Island in the Marianas Islands in 1945. Little Boy was 3 m (10 ft) long, and weighed 4,000 kg (8,900 lb), but only carried contained 64 kg (141 lbs) of uranium which would be used to create a nuclear chain reaction, and resulting explosion. (U.S. National Archives)
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Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:09pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
Shortly after 8:15 am, August 5, 1945, looking down on the rising smoke from the atomic explosion above the city of Hiroshima from one of two U.S. Air Force bombers from the 509th Composite Group. By the time this photo was taken, the flash of light and intense heat from a fireball 370 m (1,200 ft) diameter had already taken place, and an intense shockwave radiating out faster than the speed of sound was dissipating, having done most of its damage to ground structures and people in a circle 3.2 km (2 mi) in diameter. (U.S. National Archives)
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Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:10pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
Bomb damage to Okita Iron Works, Hiroshima, Japan. November 7th, 1945. (U.S. National Archives)
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Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:10pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
Twisted iron girders are all that remain of this theatre building located about 800 meters from ground zero. (U.S. National Archives)
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Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:10pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
The Hiroshima Fire Department lost its only ladder truck when its West Side main fire station was destroyed by the blast and fire of the atomic bomb, 1,200 m (4,000 ft) from ground zero. (U.S. National Archives)
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Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:15pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
Members of the U.S. Army examine the area around ground zero in Hiroshima, Japan in the autumn of 1945. (U.S. National Archives)
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Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:15pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
Did You Know? After World War II, most of Hiroshima would be rebuilt, though one destroyed section was set aside as a reminder of the effects of the atomic bomb. Each August 6, thousands of people gather at Peace Memorial Park to join in interfaith religious services commemorating the anniversary of the bombing. Picture 1 - After war Picture 2 - Rebuilt after war 1 Share
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Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:15pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
Did You Know? After World War II, most of Hiroshima would be rebuilt, though one destroyed section was set aside as a reminder of the effects of the atomic bomb. Each August 6, thousands of people gather at Peace Memorial Park to join in interfaith religious services commemorating the anniversary of the bombing. Picture 1 - After war Picture 2 - Rebuilt after war
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Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:18pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
Did You Know? After World War II, most of Hiroshima would be rebuilt, though one destroyed section was set aside as a reminder of the effects of the atomic bomb. Each August 6, thousands of people gather at Peace Memorial Park to join in interfaith religious services commemorating the anniversary of the bombing. Picture 1 - After war Picture 2 - Rebuilt after war
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Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:19pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
Formation of keloidal scars on the back and shoulder of a victim of the Hiroshima blast. The scars have formed where the victim's skin was directly exposed to the heat of the explosion's initial flash. (U.S. National Archives) Cc: Lalasticlala, Dominique
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Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:19pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
From the caption provided with this photo of a victim from Hiroshima: "The patient's skin is burned in a pattern corresponding to the dark portions of a kimono worn at the time of the explosion". (U.S. National Archives)
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Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by kozmokaz(m): 3:19pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
just drop one of dis in kano and sokoto and Nigeria will b history!! |
Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by jesussaves22: 3:21pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
Abeg USA can you throw two of those little boy in borno, yobe and adamawa please I beg you. |
Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by iyatrustee(f): 3:35pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
No one should pray to experience war. I have heard stories of the civil war in Nigeria. You won't know what you have until you are in a war torn community. |
Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by Nobody: 3:39pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
We don't want war. Life is too sweet.x.x.x™ |
Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by osesology(m): 3:57pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
No matter what you do, don't f*ck with the US of A, cos they don't play when it comes to war. *mycandidopinion* |
Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:59pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
iyatrustee: |
Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by OCTAVO: 3:59pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
iyatrustee:My sister, na bad experience o. I heard stories too and have some documentaries on Biafra war. I would have uploaded some stuffs but it will eventually degenerate to a tribal war thread which will defeat the original purpose of the thread (enlightenment). Cc: Lalasticlala, Dominique |
Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by drss(m): 4:06pm On Dec 09, 2015 |
Man's unhumanity to man. |
Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by Nmeri17: 2:27am On Jan 06, 2016 |
OCTAVO:Immensely thought provoking o Octavo! I saw the documentary years back and the bomb effects were so staggeringly devastating, people actually melted and were reduced to small white circles. The searing heat from inside the town reportedly burnt people wey e no consain for the outskirts. I even heard it took nearly 50 years before any vegetation could sprout in either city. Strikingly thought provoking!! |
Re: Down The Memory Lane; Hiroshima 1945 Bombing History In Pictures by Nmeri17: 4:40pm On Jan 10, 2016 |
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