Michael H. Hart wrote a book entitled “THE 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History” in 1978. Several other authors have written similar books but this still remains a distinguished book in it’s category. The book is thought provoking and encourages the reader to see history from different perspectives.

He chose Prophet Muhammad to lead the list of the world’s most influential persons which was surprising to many people. He said he chose Muhammad because he was the only person in the history who was supremely successful on both the religious and secular levels. Michael Hart went on to count the traits and qualities of Prophet Muhammad and his overall impact on human history and arrived at the conclusion that Prophet Muhammad should be the number one person in the filed of 100 influential persons in human history.

Another surprise to many people was Michael Hart’s choice of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab among the 100 influential persons, whom he not only included among these 100 persons but also put him as number two on the second half (51 to 100) of his choice. Umar Ibn Al-Khattab is 52nd on the list. He ranked him higher than such famous men as Charlemagne and Julius Caesar. He further says that Umar’s brilliant leadership was responsible for the expansion of the Islamic territory and the enormous extent that it did occur under him. He further says that Umar Ibn Al-Khattab ordered the Muslim armies to leave the natives of the conquered land in peace and ordered the military personnel not to force the natives to convert to Islam.

In the parenthesis Michael put his note, “From the above, it is clear that the Arab conquest was more a nationalist war of conquest rather than a holy war, although the religious aspect was not lacking”. Michael Hart further says that Umar ibn Al-Khattab’s achievements are impressive and it would be a grave mistake to ignore his contributions to humanity. It should be noted that Umar Ibn Al-Khattab’s brilliant leadership was responsible for permanence of the territories that came under the Islamic role at that time and are still part of the Islamic world today.

Umar Ibn Al-Khattab is a pioneering figure in the Islamic world. He was a leader, a statesman, a pious and God conscious Muslim who showed respect for all individuals including non-Muslims and he ordered the Muslims to treat non-Muslims with respect. He showed us how to apply the Quranic injunction "there is no compulsion in religion."

Under the leadership of Umar ibn Al-Khattab Islam spread widely not by the sword but by virtue of its beauty, simplicity, transparency, openness and the leadership provided by him. Another reason for the rapid growth of Muslim community was the conversion of some high-placed religious personalities from among the Jewish and the Christian communities. These religious personalities saw Islam as a continuation and affirmation of the Abrahamic faith. Ardkun, the Bishop of Damascus, accepted Islam after the Islamic armies entered the city under Khalid bin Walid. The followers of Ardkun became attracted towards the new faith and became Muslim. The chief administrator of the city of Shata in Egypt, famous for its textiles manufacturing, left his town with two thousand men and went to city of Damietta where the Muslim army was camped and embraced Islam with his followers.

To be continued

During the time of Umar ibn Al-Khattab, the non-Muslims enjoyed freedom of religion. They were free to perform their religious rites, ring bells to start their religious ceremonies, take out the Cross in procession and hold religious fairs. Even treaties were signed during the time of Umar ibn Al-Khattab with non-Muslims that guaranteed freedom of religion. The writ of Hudhaifa bin al-Yaman to people of the region of Mahdinar says, “They shall not be required to change their religion, nor shall any interference be made in their religious practices.”


Umar ibn Al-Khattab followed the principle of equality very strictly and would not tolerate any kind of distinction. Once, Umar ibn Al-Khattab had a difference of opinion with Ubayy bin Ka’b. The matter was referred and brought in the court of Qazi Zaid bin Thabit. When Umar ibn Al-Khattab arrived at the court the Qazi, Zaid bin Thabit, vacated his seat out of respect for the Khalifah. Umar ibn Al-Khattab, after observing the situation, said that this was the first injustice Zaid has done to the suit. Then he sat down next to Ubayy, his opponent.

Umar ibn Al-Khattab always favored individual freedom and self-respect. By word of mouth and through his writings he made it very clear that every human being was born free and no one should have to abase himself in front of others. Once, the son of Amr bin As abused and beat up a Copt Christian; on hearing this Umar ibn Al-Khattab had son of Amr punished publicly by the hand of the victim Copt Christian. Then Umar ibn Al-Khattab addressed both father and son and said, “Since when have you turned men into slaves, whereas they are born free of their mothers?”

The people of many cultures who accepted Islam faced new challenges. More complex questions regarding the Islamic way of life cropped up at the same time. Many of the questions could not be answered because clear rulings of the Holy Prophet or the Holy Qur’an were not available. The Qadis and Muftis appointed in towns and cities were Companions of the Prophet, yet they referred complicated questions to the Khalifah. The famous Sahabis who referred the question to Umar Ibn Al-Khattab are Abdullah bin Ma’sud, Ammar bin Yasar, Abu Musa Ash’ari, Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah, Mughira bin Shuba and others. Umar ibn Al-Khattab gave his judgment after discussing these questions in the assembly of the companions. The discussions were conducted with the greatest freedom and acumen. Shah Wali-Ullah writes in Hujjatullah al-Baligha, “It was Umar’s practice to consult the companions and hold discussions with them, until the veils were lifted and conviction was attained. For this reason Umar’s dicta were accepted throughout the East and the West.”

It is said that his writings, his letters and official instructions were as powerful as his speeches. In a letter to Abu Musa Ash’ari he wrote, “People generally hate their ruler, and I seek protection of Allah, if my people should entertain similar feelings about me. Avoid vain suspicions and keep away from malice, and don not encourage people of cherish vain hopes, and be careful of Allah’s property, and guard yourself against evil men. If you find any people who are vindictively inclined towards the Muslim state, it is devilish inclination and must be put down by the sword, until they bow to Allah’s decision and turn to better ways"

In another letter to Abu Musa Ash’ari he said, “The thing that strengthens one in execution of work and that one should not procrastinate; for if you do so, your affairs will heap up and overwhelm you and you will not then be able to decide what to do and what not to do, and you will fail in your work.”

Umr Ibn Al-Khattab appointed Amr bin Al-As as the Governor of Egypt. Amr bin Al-As delayed remitting the revenue to the treasury. Umar ibn Al-Khattab wrote to him and reminded about the delay. Amr bin Al-As procrastinated. Umar ibn Al-Khattab sent him a strong letter, he wrote, “I understand that the thing that has kept you from replying is the fact that your subordinates are not good. They have made you a shield, and it is a disease for which I possess an effective remedy. I am surprised that I have written to you often and at length, but you neglected sending the revenue and have avoided giving straight answers. So Abu, Abdullah, don’t worry. Due shall be taken from you and you shall pay them, for as the river yields pearls, so will you have to render the dues.”

Umar ibn Al-Khattab used to end his speeches with following statement: “O God, let me not fall into an error, nor let me be called to account on unawares, nor let me fall into neglect.”

Umar ibn Al-Khattab’s actions speak louder about his character, his integrity and his love for the people in the Muslim state. He made rounds at night to gauge and evaluate the condition of the people. His achievements are reflection of his life.

To be continued

Sayings of Umar ibn Al-Khattab:

Umar ibn Al-Khattab always had a sound opinion, which made him a very powerful leader who expected higher degree of integrity from the people working with him during his Khilafate. Some of his wise sayings are quoted here:

One who keeps his own counsel keeps his affairs in his own hand.

Fear him whom you hate.

The wisest man is he who can account for his actions.

Do not put off today’s work till tomorrow.

What regresses never progresses?

He who does not know evil will fall into it.

When a man asks me a question, I know his intelligence.

Don’t forget your own self while preaching to others.

The less of the world, the freer you live.

Avoidance of sin is lighter than the pain of remorse.

If patience and gratitude had been two she camels, it would have mattered little on which I rode. May God have mercy on him who sends me my faults for a present!


to be continued

Some of the Achievements of Umar ibn Al-Khattab:

Umar ibn Al-Khattab established many institutions in the Islamic state’s administration. Historians have called his reforms as innovations. The achievements of Umar ibn Al-Khattab are numerous. The most important achievements are listed below:

Umar ibn Al-Khattab established the public treasury: Bait-ul-Mal

Established courts of justice and appointed judges.

Proposed and enforced use of the era of Hijra.

Assumed the title of Amir-ul-Mu’minin.

To engage the anti-Islamic forces he organized and established the War Department.

Placed army reserves on the pay-roll. In addition to this, Umar Ibn Al-Khattab improved the army administration by providing every army corps with an officer of the treasury, an accountant, and number of interpreters, physicians and surgeons. He instructed the army commanders to submit accounts of war expenditures and list of the spoils of war. Historical records show that in 16 Hijri Ziyad bin Abi Sufyan came from city of Jalula – after its conquest – and brought with him the records of the accounts to Madinah and submitted them for Umar ibn Al-Khattab’s perusal and review.

Established Land Revenue Department, ordered survey and assessment of lands and also ordered conducting census. This required maintenance of the land revenue records in Persian, Syriac and Coptic languages. The accounts were kept on long rolled-up sheets.

Founded cities: Kufah, Basrah, Jazirah, Fustat and Musal and undertook construction and building of canals.

Divided conquered countries into provinces.

Ordered collecting customs duties.

Appointed officials for the collection of tax on the produce of sea.

Gave permission to traders from foreign countries to conduct business in the Islamic territory.

Organized jails and enforced use of the whip.

Made rounds at night to gauge and evaluate the condition of the people. For relaxations he enjoyed lighter pursuits including poetry. Once he asked Abdullah bin Abbas to recite him poetry the whole night. At the time when dawn was breaking, he said, “Now recite the Holy Qur’an.”

Established military cantonments and had them located at strategic points.

Organized Police Department.

Set up a system to classify pedigree and non-pedigree horses.

Built houses on the road from Makkah to Madinah for the comfort of the travelers and also established guest-houses in different cities. At that time a system was established for the clearance of land, construction of roads, building of bridges and other operations which are carried out by sappers and miner in present day armies. The local people of the lands were recruited to perform these duties.

Provided stipends for the poor Jewish and Christian people.

Established schools and provided salaries for school teachers and public lecturers.

Proposed the principle of Qiyas and its formulation.

Proposed exact division of inheritalcohol.

Ordained performing taraweeh prayers in congregation.

Established law for the punishment oalcoholol drinkers with eighty lashes.

Proposed a method for preparing trusts.

Obtained consensus of opinion for saying four takbirs in funeral prayer.

Made arrangements for providing lights in mosques at night. It is stated that until the Khilafate of Umar ibn Al-Khattab there were no arrangements for lights in the mosques. A person by name Tamim Dari made the arrangements and supplied lamps for the mosques with Umar ibn Al-Khattab’s permission.

Established a procedure to giving salaries from the public treasury to Imams and Muazzins.

Source: http://www.islamicity.org/4031/umar-ibn-al-khattab-among-the-most-influential-people-in-history/

Beautiful piece brother. Jazakallahu khairan

Most of the developed countries are using his Legacy.

Great!!! Lexiconkabir you make my day what a great life from my namesake and role model

Jazakallahu khairan brother.
Many shia brothers would be hurt by this post oooo

Shift + delete

udatso:
Jazakallahu khairan brother.
Many shia brothers would be hurt by this post oooo

Why do you think i opened the thread in the first place? and why Umar specifically?

And the funny thing is, there is nothing there to refute because all the things written about him are facts, and as we know, facts are very stubborn things, they are stubborn because you can't play around with them.

I just love the simplicity, strength and character of the Khalifah Umar ibn alKhattab (ra). I just can't get enough of his stories. May Allah be pleased with him and join him (and us) with the prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in paradise.

Farmerforlife:
I just love the simplicity, strength and character of the Khalifah Umar ibn alKhattab (ra). I just can't get enough of his stories. May Allah be pleased with him and join him (and us) with the prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in paradise.

Ameen

@ lexiconkabir and other Muslim bro...Salam Alaekun... I have a friend in Zambia and she asked me not quite long that how can she become a Muslim. she is a Christian and want to know more about Islam. she wanted to convert to Islam willingly not that I force or discuss religion with her before.. I will drop her WhatsApp number, for who ever is ready to enlighten her more.
Ma Salam

Isiri:
@ lexicon.kabir and other Muslim bro...Salam Alaekun... I have a friend in Zambia and she asked me not quite long that how can she become a Muslim. she is a Christian and want to know more about Islam. she wanted to convert to Islam willingly not that I force or discuss religion with her before.. I will drop her WhatsApp number, for who ever is ready to enlighten her more.
Ma Salam

Why dont you tell her to join the forum instead?

lexiconkabir:


Why dont you tell her to join the forum instead?

you right. I told her about this site but said she would like to asked some questions and again she is a busy person that she won't have much time to go through all.the thread due to nature of her job.that she preferred a WhatsApp chat.. I will drop her digit or what do u think

Isiri:


you right. I told her about this site but said she would like to asked some questions and again she is a busy person that she won't have much time to go through all.the thread due to nature of her job.that she preferred a WhatsApp chat.. I will drop her digit or what do u think

She could just open a thread and mention me, I cant chat with her privately as its against the Islamic etiquettes, if it was a male then i wouldn't have problem collecting the number, hope you understand? However she can open a special thread and ask me any question there.

Isiri:
@ lexiconkabir and other Muslim bro...Salam Alaekun... I have a friend in Zambia and she asked me not quite long that how can she become a Muslim. she is a Christian and want to know more about Islam. she wanted to convert to Islam willingly not that I force or discuss religion with her before.. I will drop her WhatsApp number, for who ever is ready to enlighten her more.
Ma Salam

She is most welcome.

Salaam alaykum sister Contact17 do you mind collecting her number and attending to her on whatsapp?

lexiconkabir:


She could just open a thread and mention me, I cant chat with her privately as its against the Islamic etiquettes, if it was a male then i wouldn't have problem collecting the number, hope you understand? However she can open a special thread and ask me any question there.

u right. have told her .she will contact u guz tomorrow Insha Allah. I already told her that she will gain a lot here cus I too was a beneficiary of your knowledge and got converted here. thank u all

Isiri:


u right. have told her .she will contact u guz tomorrow Insha Allah. I already told her that she will gain a lot here cus I too was a beneficiary of your knowledge and got converted here. thank u all

Alright, jazakAllaah khayr brother, although I've never seen your moniker before, may Allaah preserve you – Ameen.

Salaam alaykum brother.

lexiconkabir:
Salaam alaykum sister Contact17 do you mind collecting her number and attending to her on whatsapp?

Wa alaikum assalam wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh

I don't mind chatting with her but I think the matter has been resolved.

Contact17:


Wa alaikum assalam wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh

I don't mind chatting with her but I think the matter has been resolved.

Yes

lexiconkabir:


Yes

I came too late.

I hope I will be allowed to contribute as well?

Contact17:


I came too late.

I hope I will be allowed to contribute as well?

You should....

[quote author=lexiconkabir post=49978699]

She could just open a thread and mention me, I cant chat with her privately as its against the Islamic etiquettes, if it was a male then i wouldn't have problem collecting the number, hope you understand? However she can open a special thread and ask me any question there.[/qu

Contact17 ^^ once you get it, let us know so I can ask the brother to delete her number.

lexiconkabir:
Contact17 ^^ once you get it, let us know so I can ask the brother to delete her number.

Got it

Isiri:


Barka jumat sis...have already gave the link to joined. us here but u can as well message her on WhatsApp. her name is Mellisa from Zambia. this is her number...

Brother the sister have gotten the number you can delete it..

Jum'ah Mubarak.

lexiconkabir:

Brother the sister have gotten the number you can delete it..
Jum'ah Mubarak.

thanks.. how do I delete the post.

Isiri:

thanks.. how do I delete the post.

Click modify. Then clear everything and leave a character. like full stop (.)

FriendChoice:


Click modify. Then clear everything and leave a character. like full stop (.)

thanks. I got it deleted.

Isiri:


thanks.. how do I delete the post.

Just modify your post and delete the number.