Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by poseidon12: 11:51pm On Jun 12, 2017 |
kka2007: Complete and total waste of time. Biafra cannot and will never be created. But it's good to try sha. As for this suit, nothing will come out of it! So you want Biafrans to stay? You don't want them to go? 3 Likes |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by poseidon12: 11:57pm On Jun 12, 2017 |
abbey621: These monkeys are always embarrassing themselves! No U.S court has jurisdiction over matters such as these as long as it did not happen on U.S soil and does not involve U.S citizens, I could understand International Criminal Court but a U.S district court, pathetic! Look up information about The Torture Victims Protection Act and Alien Tort Claims Complaint. You might find out you are the monkey here. 4 Likes |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by jumobi1(m): 12:01am On Jun 13, 2017 |
abbey621: Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum[edit] Main article: Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum The plaintiffs in Kiobel were citizens of Nigeria who claimed that Dutch, British, and Nigerian oil-exploration corporations aided and abetted the Nigerian government during the 1990s in committing violations of customary international law.[30] The plaintiffs claimed that Royal Dutch Shell compelled its Nigerian subsidiary, in cooperation with the Nigerian government, to brutally crush peaceful resistance to aggressive oil development in the Ogoni Niger River Delta.[31] Plaintiffs sought damages under the ATS. The defendants moved to dismiss based on a two-pronged argument. First, they argued that customary international law itself provides the rules by which to decide whether conduct violates the law of nations where non-state actors are alleged to have committed the wrong in question. Second, they contended that no norm has ever existed between nations that imposes liability upon corporate actors. On September 29, 2006, the district court dismissed the plaintiffs' claims for aiding and abetting property destruction; forced exile; extrajudicial killing; and violation of the rights to life, liberty, security, and association. It reasoned that customary international law did not define those violations with sufficient particularity. The court denied the defendants' motion to dismiss with respect to the remaining claims of aiding and abetting arbitrary arrest and detention; crimes against humanity; and torture or cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment. The district court then certified its entire order for interlocutory appeal to the Second Circuit based on the serious nature of the questions at issue.
On April 17, 2013 the U.S. Supreme Court held that the ATS does not apply outside the United States.[38]
For those looking for precedence, in summary even the Supreme Court has a hard time indicting a democratic government official! Fantastic job but it applies only to the ATC Acts... "The Supreme Court's 2013 decision in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Company,22 which applied the presumption against extraterritoriality to bar the application of the Alien Tort Claims Act to acts in the territory of a foreign sovereign raises the question whether the same construction will be given to the Torture Victim Protection Act. Arguably, the most appropriate answer seems to be no. The text of the TVPA, particularly its exhaustion of remedies provision, Section 2(b), seems to rebut the presumption by suggesting that actions may arise from conduct outside the United States. Moreover, although the majority opinion in Kiobel did not refer to the TVPA, the two concurring opinions, expressing the opinions of five Justices, reflected the view that the Act applied to human rights abuses committed abroad. 23However, the political question doctrine may bar the claim in cases of drone strikes and alleged extra-judicial killings" |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by poseidon12: 12:11am On Jun 13, 2017 |
Odingo1:
Their movement is not unlawful,there is right to self determination in UN chater The semi illiterate will not understand. 5 Likes |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by poseidon12: 12:26am On Jun 13, 2017 |
excanny: The Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991 (TVPA; Pub.L. 102–256 , H.R. 2092 , 106 Stat. 73 , enacted March 12, 1992) is a statute that allows for the filing of civil suits in the United States against individuals who, acting in an official capacity for any foreign nation, committed torture and/or extrajudicial killing . The statute requires a plaintiff to show exhaustion of local remedies in the location of the crime, to the extent that such remedies are "adequate and available." Plaintiffs may be U.S. citizens or non-U.S. citizens.
Although the Act was not passed until early 1992, it was introduced the previous year, and the official name of the Act is the "Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991."
Legal issues In 1992, Sister Dianna Ortiz was the first to file a case under the act, in a civil action against former general and Defense Minister Héctor Gramajo of Guatemala , contending that, by his command authority, he was responsible for her abduction, rape, and torture by military forces in Guatemala in November 1989. A federal court in Massachusetts ruled in her favor, awarding her $5 million in damages in 1995.
Thanks for posting this information so some of these morons questioning US court jurisdiction will let us be. 3 Likes |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by poseidon12: 12:30am On Jun 13, 2017 |
abbey621:
I'll just show you 3 things wrong here:
1. Civil Case: What Biafrans want is not monetary compensation but criminal prosecution.
2. Extrajudicial killing - Biafrans would have to argue that the protesters were not armed and the use of force was not sanctioned by the present rule of law in Nigeria.
3. They now have to show that they have exhausted all local remedies which means they have tried the judicial system in Nigeria, there are written documentation of nonchalant response from the justice system and so on.
There's a reason why this particular act has never been applied to a democratic government, the burden of proof is exhausting! And you call the present administration a democratic government? 4 Likes |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by Jaideyone(m): 12:33am On Jun 13, 2017 |
abbey621: These monkeys are always embarrassing themselves! No U.S court has jurisdiction over matters such as these as long as it did not happen on U.S soil and does not involve U.S citizens, I could understand International Criminal Court but a U.S district court, pathetic! lol they are confused clowns now. they can't just go about anything the right way. the north is Baden and useless yet they cry blue murder when they were told to leave their parasites(the north). |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by Jaideyone(m): 12:39am On Jun 13, 2017 |
Hizzy:
but the court accepted to handle the case so what ar u sayin so they DISTRICT US court will arrest Buratai or Buhari if they refuse to come before it or pay compensation? keep deceiving yourself. even the highest court in the US which is the supreme court can't order he arrest of our COAS or ask us to pay for something that never happened on their soil. the moment mor0nic ipob miscreants stop harassing others that don't join their protests and constituting a nuisance the law enforcement agents will stop treating them like terrorists. you don't go on radio to ask for money to buy arms to bring down a country and cry when the police shoots at you. |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by BentSpoon(m): 1:02am On Jun 13, 2017 |
chuksanambra: Okay, my people have added Buratai to the fight. I hope that when the Hausas start dealing with those ones in the north, they won't call Buratai to epp them.
Let them call Fayose and Fani Kayodo as the Commanders in Chief of the Biafran forces. do u think u can fight a paralyzed igbo man ? Mumu. This time u guys brought the war up north and na there we go fight am. Onye agba na oso 5 Likes |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by DanseMacabre(m): 2:41am On Jun 13, 2017 |
poseidon12:
I am not a Lawyer but this is a civil case on behalf of victims of Nigerian Army brutality. It's not a criminal case. So, no, they will not be extradited or declared wanted. But if Nigeria does not present a defense, then the court will rule against them and they will be liable to pay whatever fine the court sets. However, if it is found that they committed crime against humanity, they can be prosecuted at the ICC at the Hague. In that case it'll be a criminal case and they would be extradited and if found guilty, will be jailed (to join Charles Taylor).
Okay. So Nigeria must provide a defence? |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by jpphilips(m): 3:58am On Jun 13, 2017 |
NLandIsHypocrit: This time it won't be business as usual, already there's enough evidence on ground, the videos of how they killed innocent youths in Onitsha, Awka, Aba and others are all over the youtube, you can just make a simple search for "Nigeria soldiers kills IPOB members in Onitsha" and the rest will flood around so is not the question of I didn't do it, or I'm not aware. The one that happened in Port Harcourt on 20th January 2017 during the IPOB rally for the inauguration of President Trump, I was there life and everything happened before my very eyes, A guy was gunned down right in my front before some of us retreated, but it was quite unfortunate that they also came out and denied it. Buratai thought he would have been the super hero the moment he kills innocent, armless and law abiding IPOB members for hate and frivolous reasons. We hope that Justice will surely prevail because those killed are more humans than their killers. Even if Justice fails to come through this Chanel, one thing is undisputable, all those who participated in the killings of innocent IPOB members either directly or indirectly must surely pay a heavy price, anyone of them who escapes the physical nets will never escape the spiritual nets. Dont raise your hopes yet, the court will strike it out, there wont be any hearing! One smart lawyer is taking IPOB's money for nothing, you know most of them are academically deficient. 1 Like |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by 2016v2017: 4:08am On Jun 13, 2017 |
NLandIsHypocrit: This time it won't be business as usual, already there's enough evidence on ground, the videos of how they killed innocent youths in Onitsha, Awka, Aba and others are all over the youtube, you can just make a simple search for "Nigeria soldiers kills IPOB members in Onitsha" and the rest will flood around so is not the question of I didn't do it, or I'm not aware. The one that happened in Port Harcourt on 20th January 2017 during the IPOB rally for the inauguration of President Trump, I was there life and everything happened before my very eyes, A guy was gunned down right in my front before some of us retreated, but it was quite unfortunate that they also came out and denied it. Buratai thought he would have been the super hero the moment he kills innocent, armless and law abiding IPOB members for hate and frivolous reasons. We hope that Justice will surely prevail because those killed are more humans than their killers. Even if Justice fails to come through this Chanel, one thing is undisputable, all those who participated in the killings of innocent IPOB members either directly or indirectly must surely pay a heavy price, anyone of them who escapes the physical nets will never escape the spiritual nets. 1 Like |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by 2016v2017: 4:12am On Jun 13, 2017 |
1 Like |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by 2016v2017: 4:31am On Jun 13, 2017 |
prodigy24: Now the north can now go and execute their threat, we are determined to have our freedom,and there is nothing anything unity beggar can do about it. They have been on rampage in the last few days since the success of the sit at home protest by Ndi igbo. At the same time hailed bloody Brutai, and even threatened us with more killing, should we protest.I wonder what is even wrong with the way Nigerians process information.
Instead of them to tell give us preponderance argument on how we will be better of in bigger Nigeria.They rather remind us how we will annihilate ourselves in Biafra, how gloomy things will become in Biafra. I have demystified afonja,and their propaganda, i will always oblige to the call to shred them into pieces , i know all their cunny ways, look at how they have acted blind on the human head harvest that took place at osun state last week. But raised their ugly head on the kidnapping incident, that took place in lagos. They have started showing the pictures and the name,to make a bold statement on NDI IGBO AND KIDNAPPING... don't worry, we will retaliate and when we do it becomes bloody,because we are formidable.. They would rather dissipate energy on Biafra than Nigeria multiple problem. You will also see how Ndi igbo spoke in condemnation of the act, many expressed anger over the embarrassment. But yoruba wooosai they would rather eat ewedu than condemn skull mining. 1 Like |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by ivolt: 4:33am On Jun 13, 2017 |
poseidon12:
The US judiciary is not controlled by the president. Trump will not have any input here. Trump runs on ego, he will challenge any verdict that doesn't favor him. |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by deco22(m): 5:24am On Jun 13, 2017 |
I don't think u people, realise that Nigeria is a sovereign country and the only court outside Nigeria that Nigeria answers to is the ECOWAS court and the international court of justice. |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by kingzizzy: 5:43am On Jun 13, 2017 |
laudate:
The reps from the North cannot ask for a referendum on your behalf. They are not the ones that want to form a new republic. So stop asking others to do your dirty work for you.
When Scotland sought a referendum, it was a Scottish MP Nicola Ferguson Sturgeon who is the current First Minister of Scotland and the leader of the Scottish National Party, in office since 2014, that pushed the request for a referendum through the Parliament. It was not a British or a Welsh politician.
You chaps have over 15 senators from the SE. Ask them to move a motion requesting for a referendum on Biafra, in the red chamber. But then again, Scotland agreed to be part of the UK when they signed the 1707 "Act Of Union" which formally made them part of the UK. Can you show me any documentation where Igbos, there leaders or representatives signed to be part of Nigeria? In which parliament did Lugard move a motion for the creation of Nogeria? If you cant answer tbese questions then you will have to admit that Nigeria is an enforced colonial creation and that any of the indigenous ethnic group(s) has the right to demand and be given a referendum that allows them to stay or exit the illegal Nigerian union which they never agreed to be part of. 4 Likes |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by DjAndroid: 6:08am On Jun 13, 2017 |
bobowaja:
Hmmmm.... Oga are you sure?
How does it even sound to your ears that I want to sue Donald Trump to owerri customary court? Does it make any sense to you? Even some cases here are done within a state without FG intervention. And there is always a power coverage for every power that be. International bodies are in better position to look into this kind of situation and not some district courts in a faraway land whose laws are not in tandem with ours.
Those guys are suing for money and if given time I know they will ask their brothers to contribute some amount of money to push the case - which of cause is going into their pockets. Must these set of people resort to dupe themselves without recourse? excanny: The Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991 (TVPA; Pub.L. 102–256 , H.R. 2092 , 106 Stat. 73 , enacted March 12, 1992) is a statute that allows for the filing of civil suits in the United States against individuals who, acting in an official capacity for any foreign nation, committed torture and/or extrajudicial killing . The statute requires a plaintiff to show exhaustion of local remedies in the location of the crime, to the extent that such remedies are "adequate and available." Plaintiffs may be U.S. citizens or non-U.S. citizens.
Although the Act was not passed until early 1992, it was introduced the previous year, and the official name of the Act is the "Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991."
Legal issues In 1992, Sister Dianna Ortiz was the first to file a case under the act, in a civil action against former general and Defense Minister Héctor Gramajo of Guatemala , contending that, by his command authority, he was responsible for her abduction, rape, and torture by military forces in Guatemala in November 1989. A federal court in Massachusetts ruled in her favor, awarding her $5 million in damages in 1995.
1 Like |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by DjAndroid: 6:10am On Jun 13, 2017 |
tope56: Do u know how many times they sue Obasanjo and IBB in America and nothing happen. America lack jurisdiction to entertain what is happening in Nigeria unless they take it to international court of Justice in Hague. pls don't fool yourself , what is in south east that will interest America nothing unlike Niger Delta. that have oil. excanny: The Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991 (TVPA; Pub.L. 102–256 , H.R. 2092 , 106 Stat. 73 , enacted March 12, 1992) is a statute that allows for the filing of civil suits in the United States against individuals who, acting in an official capacity for any foreign nation, committed torture and/or extrajudicial killing . The statute requires a plaintiff to show exhaustion of local remedies in the location of the crime, to the extent that such remedies are "adequate and available." Plaintiffs may be U.S. citizens or non-U.S. citizens.
Although the Act was not passed until early 1992, it was introduced the previous year, and the official name of the Act is the "Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991."
Legal issues In 1992, Sister Dianna Ortiz was the first to file a case under the act, in a civil action against former general and Defense Minister Héctor Gramajo of Guatemala , contending that, by his command authority, he was responsible for her abduction, rape, and torture by military forces in Guatemala in November 1989. A federal court in Massachusetts ruled in her favor, awarding her $5 million in damages in 1995.
1 Like |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by habeembolah: 6:56am On Jun 13, 2017 |
IGBO(S),YORUBA(S) AND HAUSA(S)... Some Igbo want Biafra Some youths and elders in the North wants Igbo to leave North. The Igbos are saying"we have investments in your areas and cannot leave them" And not all of them supported Biafra. Some Hausa said Igbo should not go but stay. The poor Hausa man is riding Okada, Keke,cleaning shoes and doing a security job. The poor Igbo man is riding Okada,Keke,a petty trader and a low income earner. The poor Yoruba man is riding Okada,a petty trader and a worker they owe his salary. The poor Hausa man sleeps under the bridge as Alamajiri and unsure of his future. The poor Yoruba man sleeps under the bridge as Alaye and not sure when to have the next meal. The poor Igbo man sleeps under the bridge as Ofeke,hoping one day to be rich and excel in life. It is pertinent to note that the poor from all ethnic groups in Nigeria have everything in common and so is the rich. Do not allow the agitation of an Igbo man who lives in UK or USA for Biafra to cause the killings of the Igbo on the street of Kaduna,Kano or Katsina Do not allow the Alhaji whose children are living abroad to persuade you to go and start killing on the street of Imo, Calabar or Abia The problem in the country is not the agitation of any ethnic group but the unity of the elite and the disunity of the masses. How many times have you taken your agitation to question your local government Chairmen and your state governors? Why have you not asked your Governors through agitation how they spent bailout fund, security votes and billions in monthly allocations? Why have you not agitated against that government official whose mansions you go to beg for help and the kids live like kings and queens? Sad to note; All the Governors love themselves All the past Presidents love themselves All the senators love themselves All the top government officials love themselves All the looters love and protect themselves Why can't you and I love ourselves? Why cant we combine efforts and fight them? Why do we fight ourselves and kill ourselves? Why do we allow them the freedom we don't have? Remember,a good Nigeria is better than a good Arewa,Oduduwa or Biafra. Love of one's tribe is not bad, but if that love is followed by hatred for other tribes, then it's wrong and sinful!!! |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by Nature8(m): 7:10am On Jun 13, 2017 |
seunny4lif:
Make I join you oooooh
This is serious oooooooh
|
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by orunto27: 7:35am On Jun 13, 2017 |
The suit, John Doe, et al vs. Tukur Yusuf Buratai et al, is a non start. Buratai should just ignore Doe and his stupid court in the US. When Doe, et al is found in Nigeria, ask IGP to help you and your men in Uniform throw Doe, Kanu, Uwazuruike and the rest of the Biafrans out of Nigeria. They are Biafrans and should not be in Nigeria at all. |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by poseidon12: 8:06am On Jun 13, 2017 |
ivolt:
Trump runs on ego, he will challenge any verdict that doesn't favor him. In the US, the judiciary is independent, unlike in Nigeria. The case will be decided on its merits by the judge, not by Trump. Trump has still not gotten his Muslim travel ban through the courts. 1 Like |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by Obiwiz(m): 8:20am On Jun 13, 2017 |
Ijaya123:
The most gullible set of people I've encountered are the Ipob youths. So easy to brainwash and it is needless arguing with them. Absolute waste of time.
And the claim they are the smartest people on earth. Infact, so smart they bought Biafra passport with Nigerian money and intend to use the passport to travel through Nigerian airport to other parts of the world.
Can't you see how irredeemably gullible they are?
It is just a pity. Are you bitter? Why? Do you stand to gain or lose anything by reason of selfdetermination for eastern Nigeria? Be happy to part ways with anyone who doesn't cherish your company... Na wa o. The obsession about this selfdetermination thing is too much- it's suspicious. And all these are lending credence to the cause. A level playing field for everyone is what I personally want, whatever brings it is welcomed by me. 2 Likes |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by itsene: 8:43am On Jun 13, 2017 |
John Doe et al? Haba! |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by APCsupporter: 8:45am On Jun 13, 2017 |
Okpabana: Nigeria matter in American court? Nawao some people mumu sha. American courts now has power and jurisdiction to handle Naija internal issues. I tire for these biafrauds oo. that's why I insist that all of them are brainless. Just take your time and ask them how they intend to develop biafra and see the poo they would be telling you. some of them still believe they can use biafran passport today 1 Like |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by APCsupporter: 8:48am On Jun 13, 2017 |
felicitywe:
Next is Prof Ango Abdullahi and other northerners that incite the killing of Igbos. We must watch their statement and keep record of them. I promise you they will face d law.The Jewish world,Europe and America must not allow a repetition of the genocide committed against the Jews to happen on d Igbos. Ango Abdullahi should not be allowed to go free.He should be d next in US.Biafra is asking for referendum not violence and they v demonstrated it severally.So for you who boast of killing over 5million biafrans during d civil war and still threatening to do more,I say continue we know how to get you.Biafra must work with d modern world to rid Africa esp Nigeria of human atrocities. have you used your biafran passport today? 1 Like |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by immazion972: 8:54am On Jun 13, 2017 |
NaMeAboki: LOL, Igbos and their comedy of errors; lets see how they'd get Buratai to appear before an ordinary court in Amelica (not even an international court of justice) for an alleged crime committed by a Nigerian on Nigerian soil against Nigerians - LOL, I no fit shout; assuming they get a conviction, how do they plan to get it executed - lol extradition? Well, nothing stopping them from going through this academic exercise but they have no chance in hell of getting any satisfaction from it.
so you acknowledged he committed crime 2 Likes |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by bobowaja(m): 9:00am On Jun 13, 2017 |
APCsupporter:
that's why I insist that all of them are brainless. Just take your time and ask them how they intend to develop biafra and see the poo they would be telling you. some of them still believe they can use biafran passport today The passport that got many of them into trouble. Some are still in jail till today while uwazuruke or whatever his name is still enjoying the money. This agitation serves as a means to extort the igbo brothers and it pains me that majority of them can't see through it. |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by bobowaja(m): 9:02am On Jun 13, 2017 |
immazion972: so you acknowledged he committed crime He never committed a crime. He is doing his duty as contained in his country constitution - to make his country remain as one and resist any forces that will do the opposite. |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by NLandIsHypocrit: 9:13am On Jun 13, 2017 |
jpphilips:
Dont raise your hopes yet, the court will strike it out, there wont be any hearing! One smart lawyer is taking IPOB's money for nothing, you know most of them are academically deficient. . 2 Likes |
Re: Buratai, 13 Others Taken To U.S. District Court Over Biafra Protests. by Nuttybynature(m): 9:28am On Jun 13, 2017 |
US did have jurisdiction to hear such matter. that is the main reason why the Alien Tort Act of the US was enacted.. however, the ability to hear the matter depends on some conditions such as 1. whether the defendant can be compelled to attend the matter and this can only be possible if any of the respondents/defendants set his foot on American soil or territory. 2. whether there is gross tort, that is whether the action of the respondents is so deplorable that the court has no option but to wade in. 3. whether the action cannot be successfully heard and determined in the country where the tort occurs... and so on, however, recently, the Supreme Court of California as well as the Court of Appeal the fifth Circuit in New York has decided that the Act is a nuisance as it goes beyond being a watchman to being a hunter... thus the court rarely give effects to the Alien Tort Act recently. I'm 99.99% sure that the matter will be dismissed during pre trial hearing as non of the defendants/respondents lives or resides in the US presently... its a bogus suit abbey621: These monkeys are always embarrassing themselves! No U.S court has jurisdiction over matters such as these as long as it did not happen on U.S soil and does not involve U.S citizens, I could understand International Criminal Court but a U.S district court, pathetic! |