Covert1:


Two different things here.
Same constitutional upheaval.

Gambia: Election Dispute

Zimbabwe: Brazen military Coup

Jammeh refused to give up power after mediation, Nigeria and ECOWAS invaded and ousted him.

Robert Mugabe apparently has been overthrown and under house arrest. The military is in control under whatever guise even if by a puppet—that is against the constitution which justifies an intervention else a certain Captain or Major elsewhere will have other ideas.

tdayof this is a brazen theft of power at the barrel of the gun in broad daylight. It won't happen in ECOWAS with big brother watching.

Much like you missed the entire point of his post (these things take time). You also seem to struggle to grasp the basic fundamentals of international law and diplomacy (it would be illegal).

We all see what is happening in Togo. It is akin to the situation on our hands in Zimbabwe. No one is saying the Gnasingbe family are saints but the Military there won't try this nonsense and if they do they know the consequences. We know how Burkina Faso' coup ended. Nigeria knows all the scheming of soldiers to justify a coup having borne the brunt of it in it's history. I just hate soldiers turning politicians. It's an aberration. A coup is a coup whichever language you use. The AU is already couching it's language very smartly saying "it appears to be a coup" because if it is then an intervention is justified to restore the status quo or organize new elections depending on the local forces at play. But constitutionality must be restored.

overhypedsteve:
what you don't get is this. The moment those soldiers took to Arms against the recognized authority in the state they became militants, we have militants(as classified by any textbook you would see on strategic studies) so the present situation in Southern Africa as defined by the text book and by law is that armed men are holding the nation to ransom. It is a Banana Republic out there man and a sane sub region won't allow that.

Yes.

The moment they took up arms they become militants

BUT

According to a very simply principle in International Law (which I see no-one has bothered looking up) the moment they completed their power grab - they became the legal Government of Zimbabwe. This is called the Doctrine of Successful Revolution.

Thus, any legal incursion would require a request from Zimbabwe be made - either formally, or through a deceleration that the power grab is illegal - or - a mandate from SADC/AU/UN declaring the coup illegal - considering SADC/AU/UN has not yet made a proclamation, we will just have to wait and see wont we?

Furthermore, if you had read the Reuters article I posted earlier, you would see that this scheme seems to have been in the works for a while now - implying that tacit approval has been given by regional and international powers.

Hopefully, we will leave things as they are. Its a win-win for everyone.

patches689:


Yes.

The moment they took up arms they become militants

BUT

According to a very simply principle in International Law (which I see no-one has bothered looking up) the second they completed their power grab - they became the Government of Zimbabwe. This is called the Doctrine of Successful Revolution.

No this is called a Coup by the military. This is not a people's uprising. I'll teach u kid. A man under house arrest is held against his will. In this case that man is the C-in-C. In that situation he is incapable of requesting for intervention. It beholves of relevant stakeholders to step in and rescue him and restore constitutional order and bring the coupists to judgement.

Covert1:


[s]No this is called a Coup. This is not a people's uprising. I'll teach u kid. A man under house arrest is held against his will. In this case that man is the C-in-C. In that situation he is incapable of requesting for intervention. It beholves of relevant stakeholders to step in and rescue him and restore constitutional order and bring the coupists to judgement. [/s]

1. Thats not how the Doctrine works
2. Mugabe is not the only member of state who could request aid - there is still his VP, Parliamentary Chief, Cabinet, etc etc etc
3. SADC is not going to step in to save a dictator
4. Any intervention would be illegal

There are extensive legal formalities that have to be complied with before South Africa or SADC can simply invade a sovereign state. I know its hard for you to grasp, but the world does not operate like it does in the Cinema. Even ECOWAS had to wait for all legal formalities to be complied with before a single boot could step foot on Gambian soil.

Hush now Augustine, the discussion has moved on. The men are talking. Go play with your toys.

patches689:


1. Thats not how the Doctrine works
2. Mugabe is not the only member of state who could request aid
3. SADC is not going to step in to save a dictator
4. Any intervention would be illegal

There are extensive legal formalities that have to be complied with before South Africa or SADC can simply invade a sovereign state. I know its hard for you to grasp, but the world does not operate like it does in the Cinema. Even ECOWAS had to wait for all legal formalities to be complied with before a single boot could step foot on Gambian soil.

Hush now Augustine, the discussion has moved on. The men are talking. Go play with your toys.

Rantings of a teenager. Keep writing nonsense to defend your paper army. Get it into your head the absence of a credible military deterrence in SADC is why Gen. Chiwenga and the defence staff of Zimbabwe pulled of this coup. Stop being a disgrace to African intelligence and zip it boy.

patches689:


1. Thats not how the Doctrine works
2. Mugabe is not the only member of state who could request aid - there is still his VP, Parliamentary Chief, Cabinet, etc etc etc
3. SADC is not going to step in to save a dictator
4. Any intervention would be illegal

There are extensive legal formalities that have to be complied with before South Africa or SADC can simply invade a sovereign state. I know its hard for you to grasp, but the world does not operate like it does in the Cinema. Even ECOWAS had to wait for all legal formalities to be complied with before a single boot could step foot on Gambian soil.

Hush now Augustine, the discussion has moved on. The men are talking. Go play with your toys.

No I'm here to talk your insults not Augustine. You were gonna invade Zimbabwe at the sign of a meltdown. Well, we have one instead of hiding in shame for your useless military you dare rant nonsense. We are begging for an invasion Patch, pls! Cowards!

Covert1:


[s]Rantings of a teenager. Keep writing nonsense to defend your paper army. Get it into your head the absence of a credible military deterrence in SADC is why Gen. Chiwenga and the defence staff of Zimbabwe pulled of this coup. Stop being a disgrace to African intelligence and zip it boy. [/s]

No one cares augustine, no one cares.

Name the rifle - win a prize

patches689:


No one cares augustine, no one cares.

Thank you, you give up. The last word belongs to people who really fight not cowards who steal a wife but can't defend her honor in a fight and end up killing Achilles the true warrior from a distance in cowardice whilst also bringing destruction on everyone else. We are this and that Oya invade make we see.

Btw Augustine ain't here cos when he does come you will regret all the empty boasts of SANDF over the years. I'm quite easy on you, he won't be. Noise making Southies, jingoists, let me see u make kpim next time. Cowards!

patches689:
Name the rifle - win a prize

Daewoo Industries K2?

gottfried21:

Daewoo Industries K2?

***DING***DING***DING***

We have a winner!

Pic was of troopers from Malawi FIB (i think) contingent with the K2. Quite a rare rifle.

Covert1:


[s]Thank you, you give up. The last word belongs to people who really fight not cowards who steal a wife but can't defend her honor in a fight and end up killing Achilles the true warrior from a distance in cowardice whilst also bringing destruction on everyone else. We are this and that Oya invade make we see.

Btw Augustine ain't here cos when he does come you will regret all the empty boasts of SANDF over the years. I'm quite easy on you, he won't be. Noise making Southies, jingoists, let me see u make kpim next time. Cowards! [/s]

Everything that can be said has been said, the conversation has been over for quite some time now.

Dont forget to log onto your other account so that your comments can get at least one like!

patches689:


***DING***DING***DING***

We have a winner!

Pic was of troopers from Malawi FIB (i think) contingent with the K2. Quite a rare rifle.

Okay,now kindly transfer R1000 into my E-wallet account...thank you very much

Covert1:


Two different things here.
Same constitutional upheaval.

Gambia: Election Dispute

Zimbabwe: Brazen military Coup

Jammeh refused to give up power after mediation, Nigeria and ECOWAS invaded and ousted him.

Robert Mugabe apparently has been overthrown and under house arrest. The military is in control under whatever guise even if by a puppet—that is against the constitution which justifies an intervention else a certain Captain or Major elsewhere will have other ideas.

tdayof this is a brazen theft of power at the barrel of the gun in broad daylight. It won't happen in ECOWAS with big brother watching.

It seems you have a comprehension problem and seem not to understand the difference between Invasion and Intervention

patches689:


Everything that can be said has been said, the conversation has been over for quite some time now.

Dont forget to log onto your other account so that your comments can get at least one like!

Coward! Likes makes him feel human worth. See the poor thinking of Southies. Are we now surprised why your Army takes pics? Alas! For likes not fighting. Pained kid run along.

Jkay187:


It seems you have a comprehension problem and seem not to understand the difference between Invasion and Intervention

Go back to school.

SBS Operative of Africa's Giant:
Nigeria. Strength & Honor.

Covert1:


[s]Coward! Likes makes him feel human worth. See the poor thinking of Southies. Are we now surprised why your Army takes pics? Alas! For likes not fighting. Pained kid run along.[/s]

After you said that I couldent help but notice your SupremeCourt moniker come online - and suddenly all your Covert1 posts have exactly 1 like!!! Sad!

patches689:


After you said that I couldent help but notice your SupremeCourt moniker come online - and suddenly all your Covert1 posts have exactly 1 like!!! Sad!

Augustine is enjoying this no doubt just as I do when he's whipping ur behinds but not for likes you deluded coward. Evidently you suffer personal insecurities so u come on nairaland to write f.oolery for f.ools to like for u to hump on your bed. Kid! Southie thinking how bereft. No wonder the flight to Bangui Airport was free for all begging the French for shelter. Ouuuuuch! I wish Zimbabwe would go a step further. Imma whip you save for nairaland. Cowards!

jakeporeshenko:

Guy stop talking about something you don’t know, on this thread we always always announce stuff that the general public doesn’t know yet.
There’s literally no argument there stop making one.
Just because you don’t make any meaningful contribution to the thread doesn’t mean you have to downplay the contribution of others.
Move on charley!

Dude, you are the one making argument, and claiming you people here are deep inside the hearts of Nigerian chief of air staff, army staff, navy staff, as if air marshals, generals, admirals direct GSM is on your phone book, keep fooling yourself.

I dont make meaningful contributions here as you say, because what is meaningless to you is meaningful to others. I dont spend my life on Nairaland like you expect me to do to be relevant, I have other things to do with my useful life than waste hours daily photo pasting on internet. A lot of you guys here do dozens of pages derailing and arguing like 3 year old kids, go back the 1,500 pages and see 50% of this forums pages are shiit argument and derailment of adult men turned indomie children.

You who think only you make meaningful contribution, you are the same guy who claims ownership of U.S.A. government free public information on Super Tucano because you posted the web link you found for free on internet google search. Yes tomorrow you will claim you are Donald Trump's military adviser on African security affairs in the White House with privileged insider information like CIA boss. Keep fooling yourself.

patches689:


After you said that I couldent help but notice your SupremeCourt moniker come online - and suddenly all your Covert1 posts have exactly 1 like!!! Sad!

@Patches, stop calling people names that are not theirs by force, everyday repeatedly. As old as you are, you dont know different people can login online by coincidence anytime in different cities in Nigeria via internet, you dont know how modern technology works? Stop insisting somebody is another person, leave people's personal I.D. alone and face your own photo posting. You start big fights by poking personal attacks on people's individuality with your daily idiiotic allegations then you mess up this thread with derailing quarrels again and again.

Okay, convert1 I think you should take a chill pill,what's Nigeria's interests in Zimbabwe ?

All I'm saying is who cares if Mugabe has been place on house arrest or overthrown?? He's long over due ,let's be honest to our selves ,he's been in power long enough .

Difference between this Zimbabwe scenario and Gambia is simple.
1)Gambia voted out yaya jamen/Mugabe was overthrown by his people

2)Yahyah jamen refuse to leave power despite being voted out ,Gambians couldn't outburst him so ECOWAS/Nigeria came to their aid/Mugabe has been rigging election to his favour ,unlike Gambians ,Zimbabweans has outburst the dictator them selves.

Even if South Africa and the entire South African country should move in ,to whom will the favour?? Mugabe or Zimbabwean people ??

It's best they're left alone .

SupremeCourt:


Dude, you are the one making argument, and claiming you people here are deep inside the hearts of Nigerian chief of air staff, army staff, navy staff, as if air marshals, generals, admirals direct GSM is on your phone book, keep fooling yourself.

I dont make meaningful contributions here as you say, because what is meaningless to you is meaningful to others. I dont spend my life on Nairaland like you expect me to do to be relevant, I have other things to do with my useful life than waste hours daily photo pasting on internet. A lot of you guys here do dozens of pages derailing and arguing like 3 year old kids, go back the 1,500 pages and see 50% of this forums pages are shiit argument and derailment of adult men turned indomie children.

You who think only you make meaningful contribution, you are the same guy who claims ownership of U.S.A. government free public information on Super Tucano because you posted the web link you found for free on internet google search. Yes tomorrow you will claim you are Donald Trump's military adviser on African security affairs in the White House with privileged insider information like CIA boss. Keep fooling yourself.

Are you aware that I am not even taking out time to read your replies?

There’s nothing meaningful about the pointless arguments you try to have with everyone on this thread, bros I don’t want to participate, there’s literally nothing to argue here!

Jesus Christ, someone help me ask this guy if it is by force.

jakeporeshenko:


Are you aware that I am not even taking out time to read your replies?

There’s nothing meaningful about the pointless arguments you try to have with everyone on this thread, bros I don’t want to participate, there’s literally nothing to argue here!

Jesus Christ, someone help me ask this guy if it is by force.

You should have ignored my comments if they are meaningless. I will allow you to have the last word since its your bed time medicine for good sleep and it's 8:22 P.M. now, please oga sir, say the last word, I wont reply you, I promise.

Aaahhh just like the good old days:

Covert1/SupremeCourt/Agubugu and Patches going at it again, Bread dead stupidity vs Logic, who will come out the victor this time??

Origin of the SBS
Modeled after the Royal Navy SBS and US Navy SEALs and trained to operate on land, sea and air, the Nigerian Navy Special Boat Service was established in 2006 to deal with new threats confronting the Nigerian Navy. These threats which are assymetric in nature ( unconventional) and therefore require special operations units to counter them, include but are not limited to
*Counter Insurgency/Riverine Operations in the maritime domain
*Hostage Taking
*Piracy
*Oil and Gas platforms seizure
Pursuant to the elimination of these threats, the specific funtions undertaken by the SBS include
– Direct action ( small scale strike)
– Beach Reconnaissance and Intelligence Gathering ahead of amphibious operations
– Counter terrorism/Hostage Rescue
-Counter Piracy
TRAINING
Basic Operational Capability (BOC) Course
Curriculum
It is the first basic course which moulds Nigerian Navy sailors into special warfare operators. The
Basic Operational Capability Course lasts six months. The BOC Course has 3 phases
– Physical Conditioning phase
– Maritime Warfare Phase
– Land Warfare phase
Physical conditioning – This is the toughest phase of the ab initio training which is held at beginning of the course. It entails extreme physical training aimed at weeding out the weak.
Maritime Warfare phase
This essentially involves small boats operations and tactics and centres on handling flat-bottomed and assault boats
– Visit Board Search and Sieze Operations (counter piracy and taking over ships at sea)
– counter insurgency and contact drills for riverine warfare
– navigation and survival swimming
– insertion and extraction for operations by boat
– combat diving
Land Warfare phase
– Map reading
– Close Quarter Battle (CQB)
– Hostage Rescue and Fighting in Built Up Areas ( FIBUA)
– Reconnaissance, Ambush and raids
– Explosives and Demolition
– Weapon Handling and Range Qualification.
Training Partnerships for Qualified SBS personnel include
* Joint Training with US Navy SEALs
* Training with Isreali Special Operations Training Groups
* Training with the State Security Services (SSS) of Nigeria
* Training with the Pakistan Navy Special Services Group (SSG)

Augububu was hoping to see this action....

THOSE OF U WITH BRAIN READ IT COMPLETELY BEFORE COMMENT.

https://www.finalcall.com/MEMORANDUM-46.htm

This Document is Exhibit 10 of U.S. Supreme Court Case No.00-9587



NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL MEMORANDUM-46

MARCH 17, 1978

Presidential Review Memorandum NSCM/46
TO: The Secretary of State
The Secretary of Defense
The Director of Central Intelligence

SUBJECT: Black Africa and the U.S. Black Movement

The President has directed that a comprehensive review be made of current developments in Black Africa from the point of view of their possible impacts on the black movement in the United States. The review should consider:

1. Long-term tendencies of social and political developments and the degree to which they are consistent with or contradict the U.S. interests.

2. Proposals for durable contacts between radical African leaders and leftist leaders of the U.S. black community.

3. Appropriate steps to be taken inside and outside the country in order to inhibit any pressure by radical African leaders and organizations on the U.S. black community for the latter to exert influence on the policy of the Administration toward Africa.


The President has directed that the NSC Interdepartmental Group for Africa perform this review. The review should be forwarded to the NSC Political Analysis Committee by April 20.

(signed)

Zbigniew Brezinski

cc: The Secretary of the Treasury
The Secretary of Commerce
The Attorney General
The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff



NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
INTERDEPARTMENTAL GROUP
FOR AFRICA





STUDY RESPONSE TO PRESIDENTIAL SECURITY
REVIEW MEMORANDUM NSC-46
BLACK AFRICA AND THE
U.S. BLACK MOVEMENT



Objective of our policy toward Black Africa is to prevent social upheavals which could radically change the political situation throughout the area. The success or failure of our policy in the region depends on the solution international
and internal issues whose importance of the United States is on the increase.

II. A. U.S. INTERESTS IN BLACK AFRICA

A multiplicity of interests influences the U.S. attitude toward black Africa. The most important of these interests can be summarized as follows:

1. POLITICAL
If black African states assume attitudes hostile to the U.S. national interest, our policy toward the white regimes; which is a key element in our relations with the black states, may be subjected by the latter to great pressure for fundamental change. Thus the West may face a real danger of being deprived of access to the enormous raw material resources of southern Africa which are vital for our defense needs as well as losing control over the Cape sea routes by which approximately 65% of Middle Eastern oil is supplied to Western Europe.

Moreover, such a development may bring about internal political difficulties by intensifying the activity of the black movement in the United States itself.

It should also be borne in mind that black Africa is an integral part of a continent where tribal and regional discord, economic backwardness, inadequate infrastructures, drought, and famine, are constant features of the scene. In conjunction with the artificial borders imposed by the former colonial powers, guerilla warfare in Rhodesia and widespread indignation against apartheid in South Africa, the above factors provide the communist states with ample opportunities for furthering their aims. This must necessarily redound to the detriment of U.S. political interests.

2. ECONOMIC
Black Africa is increasingly becoming an outlet for U.S. exports and investment. The mineral resources of the area continue to be of great value for the normal functioning of industry in the United States and allied countries. In 1977, U.S. direct investment in black Africa totaled about $1.8 billion and exports $2.2 billion. New prospect of substantial profits would continue to develop in the countries concerned.

IV. BLACK AFRICA AND THE U.S. BLACK MOVEMENT

Apart from the above-mentioned factors adverse to U.S. strategic interests, the nationalist liberation movement in black Africa can act as a catalyst with far reaching effects on the American black community by stimulating its organizational consolidation and by inducing radical actions. Such a result would be likely as Zaire went the way of Angola and Mozambique.

An occurrence of the events of 1967-68 would do grievous harm to U.S. prestige, especially in view of the concern of the present Administration with human rights issues. Moreover, the Administration would have to take specific steps to stabilize the situation. Such steps might be misunderstood both inside and outside the United States.

In order to prevent such a trend and protect U.S. national security interests, it would appear essential to elaborate and carry out effective countermeasures.

1. Possibility of Joint Action By U.S. Black and African Nationalist Movement.

In elaborating U.S. policy toward black Africa, due weight must be given to the fact that there are 25 millions American blacks whose roots are African and who consciously or subconsciously sympathies with African nationalism.

The living conditions of the black population should also be taken into account. Immense advances in the field are accompanied by a long-lasting high rate of unemployment, especially among the youth and by poverty and dissatisfaction with government social welfare standards.

These factors taken together may provide a basis for joint actions of a concrete nature by the African nationalist movement and the U.S. black community. Basically, actions would take the form of demonstrations and public protests, but the likelihood of violence cannot be excluded. There would also be attempts to coordinate their political activity both locally and in international organizations.

Inside the United States these actions could include protest demonstrations against our policy toward South Africa accompanied by demand for boycotting corporations and banks which maintain links with that country; attempts to establish a permanent black lobby in Congress including activist leftist radical groups and black legislators; the reemergence of Pan-African ideals; resumption of protest marches recalling the days of Martin Luther King; renewal of the extremist idea national idea of establishing an "African Republic" on American soil. Finally, leftist radical elements of the black community could resume extremist actions in the style of the defunct Black Panther Party.

Internationally, damage could be done to the United States by coordinated activity of African states designed to condemn U.S. policy toward South Africa, and initiate discussions on the U.S. racial issue at the United Nations where the African representation constitutes a powerful bloc with about one third of all the votes.

A menace to U.S. economic interests, though not a critical one, could be posed by a boycott by Black African states against American companies which maintain contact with South Africa and Rhodesia. If the idea of economic assistance to black Americans shared by some African regimes could be realized by their placing orders in the United States mainly with companies owned by blacks, they could gain a limited influence on the U.S. black community.

In the above context, we must envisage the possibility, however remote, that black Americans interested in African affairs may refocus their attention on the Arab-Israeli conflict. Taking into account; the African descent of American blacks it is reasonable to anticipate that their sympathies would lie with the Arabs who are closer to them in spirit and in some case related to them by blood. Black involvement in lobbying to support the Arabs may lead to serious dissention between American black and Jews. The likelihood of extremist actions by either side is negligible, but the discord may bring about tension in the internal political climate of the United States.

3. Political options

In the context of long-term strategy, the United States can not afford a radical change in the fundamentals of its African policy, which is designed for maximum protection of national security. In the present case, emphasis is laid on the importance of Black Africa for U.S. political, economic and military interests.

RECOMMENDATIONS

In weighing the range of U.S. interests in Black Africa, basic recommendations arranged without intent to imply priority are:

1. Specific steps should be taken with the help of appropriate government agencies to inhibit coordinated activity of the Black Movement in the United States.

2. Special clandestine operations should be launched by the CIA to generate mistrust and hostility in American and world opinion against joint activity of the two forces, and to cause division among Black African radical national groups and their leaders.

3. U.S. embassies to Black African countries specially interested in southern Africa must be highly circumspect in view of the activity of certain political circles and influential individuals opposing the objectives and methods of U.S. policy toward South Africa. It must be kept in mind that the failure of U.S. strategy in South Africa would adversely affect American standing throughout the world. In addition, this would mean a significant diminution of U.S. influence in Africa and the emergence of new difficulties in our internal situation due to worsening economic prospects.

4. The FBI should mount surveillance operations against Black African representatives and collect sensitive information on those, especially at the U.N., who oppose U.S. policy toward South Africa. The information should include facts on their links with the leaders of the Black movement in the United States, thus making possible at least partial neutralization of the adverse effects of their activity.

V. TRENDS IN THE AMERICAN BLACK MOVEMENT

In connection with our African policy, it is highly important to evaluate correctly the present state of the Black movement in the Untied States and basing ourselves on all available information, to try to devise a course for its future development. Such an approach is strongly suggested by our perception of the fact that American Blacks form a single ethnic group potentially capable of causing extreme instability in our strategy toward South Africa. This may lead to critical differences between the United States and Black Africa in particular. It would also encourage the Soviet Union to step up its interference in the region. Finally, it would pose a serious threat to the delicate structure of race relations within the United States. All the above considerations give rise to concern for the future security of
the United States.

Since the mid-1960s, when legislation on the human rights was passed and Martin Luther King murdered, federal and local measures to improve black welfare have been taken, as a result of which the U.S. black movement has undergone considerable changes.

The principle changes are as follows:

*Social and economic issues have supplanted political aims as the main preoccupations of the movement. and actions formerly planned on a nationwide scale are now being organized locally.

*Fragmentation and a lack of organizational unity within the movement.

*Sharp social stratification of the Black population and lack of policy options which could reunite them.

*Want of a national leader of standing comparable to Martin Luther King.

B. THE RANGE OF POLICY OPTIONS

The concern for the future security of the United States makes necessary the range of policy options. Arranged without intent imply priority they are:

(a) to enlarge programs, within the framework of the present budget, for the improvement of the social and economic welfare of American Blacks in order to ensure continuing development of present trends in the Black movement;

(b) to elaborate and bring into effect a special program designed to perpetuate division in the Black movement and neutralize the most active groups of leftist radical organizations representing different social strata of the Black community: to encourage division in Black circles;

(c) to preserve the present climate which inhibits the emergence from within the Black leadership of a person capable of exerting nationwide appeal;

(d) to work out and realize preventive operations in order to impede durable ties between U.S Black organizations and radical groups in African states;

(e) to support actions designed to sharpen social stratification in the Black community which would lead to the widening and perpetuation of the gap between successful educated Blacks and the poor, giving rise to growing antagonism between different Black groups and a weakening of the movement as a whole.

(f) to facilitate the greatest possible expansion of Black business by granting government contracts and loans with favorable terms to Black businessmen;

(g) to take every possible means through the AFL-CIO leaders to counteract the increasing influence of Black labor organizations which function in all major unions and in particular, the National Coalition of Black Trade Union and its leadership including the creation of real preference for adverse and hostile reaction among White trade unionists to demands for improvement of social and economic welfare of the Blacks;

(h) to support the nomination at federal and local levels of loyal Black public figures to elective offices, to government agencies and the Court.

This would promote the achievement of a twofold purpose:

first, it would be easier to control the activity of loyal black representatives within existing institution;

second, the idea of an independent black political party now under discussion within black leadership circles would soon lose all support.

Grace Mugabe has fled the country. Namibia is where she is right now.

INS Sarvekshak enters Dar es Salaam port to undertake Jt Hydrographic Survey with Tanzanian officials at Pemba Island. This will be 5th successive year of Indo-Tanzanian Joint Hydrographic Surveys in Tanzania

.