Welcome, Guest: Register On Nairaland / LOGIN! / Trending / Recent / New
Stats: 3,217,559 members, 8,034,636 topics. Date: Sunday, 22 December 2024 at 07:30 AM

Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy - Politics - Nairaland

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Politics / Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy (43562 Views)

Africa Day 2020: President Buhari Preaches Peace Across The Continent / Nigeria Re-emergence As Africa’s Biggest Economy, An Economic Scorecard Of PMB / Nigeria Has Taken Over South Africa As Africa Biggest Economy ~ BBC (2) (3) (4)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) ... (13) (Reply) (Go Down)

Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Commentor: 9:59pm On Mar 03, 2020
By Prinesha Naidoo

South Africa slumped to its second recession in two years

Nigeria, South Africa make up half of sub-Saharan Africa’s GDP

Sign up to our Next Africa newsletter and follow Bloomberg Africa on Twitter

As if a recession wasn’t enough bad news for South Africa, it’s now confirmed as the continent’s second-largest economy.


The answer to the question of whether South Africa or Nigeria, the two countries that account for almost half of sub-Saharan Africa’s gross domestic product, is the biggest economy on the continent has long depended on which exchange rate you use for the West African nation. But now both the official naira rate of 306 per dollar and the weaker market exchange rate of around 360 that almost all investors use put Nigeria tops.

Number One
Nigeria’s economic growth beat forecasts in the fourth quarter, helping its economy to expand the most in four years in 2019 as oil output increased and the central bank took steps to boost credit growth. GDP in the West African country stood at $476 billion or $402 billion, depending on the rate used.

South Africa’s economy went the opposite direction.


It slumped into a second recession in consecutive years, contracting more than projected in the fourth quarter as power cuts weighed on output and business confidence. For the full year, expansion was 0.2%, the least since the global financial crisis, and even less than the central bank and government estimated. Based on a average rand-dollar exchange rate of 14.43 for the year, GDP was $352 billion.

Projections show Nigeria’s economy will continue to grow faster. While the International Monetary Fund cut its forecast for Nigeria’s 2020 growth to 2% from 2.5% last month due to lower oil prices, South Africa’s GDP is forecast to expand only 0.8%.

— With assistance by Paul Wallace
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-03/nigeria-now-tops-south-africa-as-the-continent-s-biggest-economy

31 Likes 6 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Commentor: 10:00pm On Mar 03, 2020
Mynd44, OAM4J. Rossikki, NGpatriot.
All Nigerian Patriots.

28 Likes 5 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Rossinnki: 10:24pm On Mar 03, 2020
Nigeria, South Africa make up half of sub-Saharan Africa’s GDP

Mehn, but we carry weight for this continent sha.. smiley

Dammit. grin

In fact, looking at the above statement, one might as well say that without Nigeria, there is nothing like Africa.

Yet some idiots want to split up this country into little, inconsequential Liberias. When you sneeze nobody will notice.

Rubbish.

173 Likes 19 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Buchyke8(m): 10:24pm On Mar 03, 2020
Still unconfirmed

4 Likes 2 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Officialgarri: 10:30pm On Mar 03, 2020
I thought they said Buhari is a disaster, so where's all these good news coming from. ?

Buchyke8:
Still unconfirmed
We wailers can't stop crying after hearing good news.

Another will still join you with "audio economy" even if the source is Bloomberg.

114 Likes 13 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Area4Area: 10:40pm On Mar 03, 2020
You won't see wailers in threads like this, people who wake up and wishing evil on their country as if if anything bad happens, they won't be affected.

Nigeria went into a recession years back,
Naira was on a free fall etc and they were all happy

Fast forward and the reverse became the case and they became angry.

South Africa entered another recession and they were wishing it was Nigeria that was mentioned.

114 Likes 7 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Commentor: 10:41pm On Mar 03, 2020
Buchyke8:
Still unconfirmed

IPOB Facebook page would confirm it.

Be waiting.

95 Likes 10 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Anyunyu: 10:41pm On Mar 03, 2020
[s]
Commentor:


IPOB Facebook page would confirm it.

Be waiting.
[/s]

16 Likes 4 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Nobody: 10:42pm On Mar 03, 2020
If truly source is legit, the credit should go to all Nigerians. We all as hardworking people contributes to it.

Congrats to all Nairalanders too.

119 Likes 4 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by niyisky: 10:48pm On Mar 03, 2020
Wolgrace:
If truly source is legit, the credit should go to all Nigerians. We all as hardworking people contributes to it.

Congrats to all Nairalanders too.

When it's bad news, let's blame Buhari but when it's good news, let's applaud Nigerian people. Nigerians sha...I hail una

163 Likes 13 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by chriskosherbal(m): 10:49pm On Mar 03, 2020
Not just big theoretically it should reflect in the day to day lives of the ordinary Nigerians, bringing about the desired positive they crave for otherwise it's equal zero.

85 Likes 10 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Area4Area: 10:55pm On Mar 03, 2020
chriskosherbal:
Not just big theoretically it should reflect in the day to day lives of the ordinary Nigerians, bringing about the desired positive they crave for otherwise it's equal zero.
I'm sure if it was Nigeria that was said to have gone into recession again you'd have been happy and cursing Buhari, Tinubu and APC.
Abeg go siddon abeg, Nigeria's economy is the largest on the continent and economic growth is getting faster, deal with that for now.

98 Likes 15 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by nameo: 11:11pm On Mar 03, 2020
Area4Area:
I'm sure if it was Nigeria that was said to have gone into recession again you'd have been happy and cursing Buhari, Tinubu and APC.
Abeg go siddon abeg, Nigeria's economy is the largest on the continent and economic growth is getting faster, deal with that for now.

Do you know that this is nothing to celebrate here, and infact that this indicts this Govt??

Clue: In 2014, Nigeria became the largest economy in Africa and valued at $509.9bn whilst South Africa was $370.3bn.

Today, Nigerian economy has according to your report in the OP declined to $472/402bn i.e a decline of about $38bn( it would even be more if you take into account inflation rate between then and now).

The only reason SA overtook us was that our growth since then has been very sluggish with us entering into a recession(successive "negative" growth). The reason why you just overtook SA again is that they just entered their 2nd recession within the period.

In real terms, none of the countries grew.

So quit that Buhari worship. On the economy, as with almost everything else, he has failed.

308 Likes 45 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by GamalNasser: 11:13pm On Mar 03, 2020
Not because Nigeria Economy grew under Buhari but because the SA Economy has encountered a temporary slump

76 Likes 6 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Nobody: 11:19pm On Mar 03, 2020
nameo:


Do you know that this is nothing to celebrate here, and infact that this indicts this Govt??

Clue: In 2014, Nigeria became the largest economy in Africa and valued at $509.9bn whilst South Africa was $370.3bn.

Today, Nigerian economy has according to your report in the OP declined to $472/402bn i.e a decline of about $38bn( it would even be more if you take into account inflation rate between then and now).

The only reason SA overtook us was that our growth since then has been very sluggish with us entering into recession(successive "negative" growth). The reason why you just overtook SA again is that they just entered their 2nd recession within the period.

In real terms, none of the countries grew.

So quit that Buhari worship. On the economy, as at with almost everything else, he has failed.

Don't mind fools with short memory.

150 Likes 13 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by saaron(m): 11:24pm On Mar 03, 2020
Rossinnki:


Mehn, but we carry weight for this continent sha.. smiley

Dammit. grin

In fact, looking at the above statement, one might as well say that without Nigeria, there is nothing like Africa.

Yet some idiots want to split up this country into little, inconsequential Liberias. When you sneeze nobody will notice.

Rubbish.
If Biafra were independent nation from 1966 to date, the country will be dragging economic might with Asian tigers like China, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia etc, not South Africa. Biafra would have launch Africa positively on the world map as a black economy powerhouse. A people that could organized themselves to manufacture Amoured tanks and spectacular weapons from scratch to hold Nigeria for 3 good years to the amazement of America and Europe shows the ability and ingenuity of Biafrans. Biafra would have join the like of America and Russia as major arms suppliers in the world!
Now imagine them channeling that same energy and spirit to develop their country economically? The black race would have gain more respect today. But because of the virus of One Nigeria, that reality was dashed - (but not forever, Biafra will raise again).
Nigeria is nothing but a glorified village. A country cursed with mediocrity, terrorism, quota system, and the ''Put them down Syndrome.''
Nigeria can't even boast of a world class city. Countries like Ivory Coast have better and well developed cities than Nigeria.
The fact that the God forsaken country is even struggling economically with South Africa is a big shame because Nigeria's economy was on the same level with South Korea in 1960. Today South Korea is not only competing with China, the country has world class companies competing with the likes of Apple and General Mottors of America! And we here celebrating mediocrity. What's the benefit of being Africa's largest economy when we can't even manufacture pencils? Does Nigeria have a functional steel company? How can Nigeria become an industrial manufacturing hub when common Abeokuta steel complex is in shambles? Nigeria is nothing but a failed state!
South Africa's economy, as it is even in recession is still by far more robust and developed in manufacturing, service industry, commerce, power, infrastructure than Nigeria. Remove crude oil from the country's economy and Nigeria will disappear from the world map!
Total division of Nigeria is the only way out of this perennial economic calamity that is Nigeria.
ONE NIGERIA IS DEAD!

137 Likes 15 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by supereagle(m): 11:26pm On Mar 03, 2020
Haters say something. SA economy is now in recession.

6 Likes

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Nobody: 11:32pm On Mar 03, 2020
My brother, you are flawlessly right. PMB as a Nigerian is a number one citizen of the country. So, we altogether as hardworking people join with him to receive the credit.


niyisky:


When it's bad news, let's blame Buhari but when it's good news, let's applaud Nigerian people. Nigerians sha...I hail una

9 Likes 2 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Commentor: 11:36pm On Mar 03, 2020
nameo:


Do you know that this is nothing to celebrate here, and infact that this indicts this Govt??

Clue: In 2014, Nigeria became the largest economy in Africa and valued at $509.9bn whilst South Africa was $370.3bn.

Today, Nigerian economy has according to your report in the OP declined to $472/402bn i.e a decline of about $38bn( it would even be more if you take into account inflation rate between then and now).

The only reason SA overtook us was that our growth since then has been very sluggish with us entering into a recession(successive "negative" growth). The reason why you just overtook SA again is that they just entered their 2nd recession within the period.

In real terms, none of the countries grew.

So quit that Buhari worship. On the economy, as with almost everything else, he has failed.

Nigeria’s economic growth beat forecasts in the fourth quarter, helping its economy to expand the most in four years in 2019 as oil output increased and the central bank took steps to boost credit growth. GDP in the West African country stood at $476 billion or $402 billion, depending on the rate used.

15 Likes 3 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Area4Area: 11:50pm On Mar 03, 2020
nameo:


Do you know that this is nothing to celebrate here, and infact that this indicts this Govt??

Clue: In 2014, Nigeria became the largest economy in Africa and valued at $509.9bn whilst South Africa was $370.3bn.

Today, Nigerian economy has according to your report in the OP declined to $472/402bn i.e a decline of about $38bn( it would even be more if you take into account inflation rate between then and now).

The only reason SA overtook us was that our growth since then has been very sluggish with us entering into a recession(successive "negative" growth). The reason why you just overtook SA again is that they just entered their 2nd recession within the period.

In real terms, none of the countries grew.

So quit that Buhari worship. On the economy, as with almost everything else, he has failed.
Hold on, what was calculated there was the GDP nominal which takes into account the exchange rate to the dollar, if the naira becomes 150 to a dollar today, GDP nominal would increase. The 509.9 billion figure was when the naira was higher than this.

GDP PPP doesn't take fully the exchange rate to the dollar and it actually gives the real state of the economy, someone who earns 350k naira in Nigeria and someone earning $1k in the US, who do you think would be living better. In dollar terms, they're both earning $1k. This is what the GDP PPP evaluates and that's why our GDP PPP is over $1.2 trillion today despite the 470 billion as the GDP nominal.

39 Likes 6 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Rossinnki: 11:50pm On Mar 03, 2020
saaron:
If Biafra were independent nation from 1966 to date, the country will be dragging economic might with Asian tigers like China, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia etc. Biafra would have launch Africa positively on the world map as a black economy powerhouse. A people that organized themselves to manufacture Amoured tanks and spectacular weapons from scratch to hold Nigeria for 3 good years to the amazement of America and Europe shows the ability and ingenuity of Biafrans. Imagine them channeling that same energy and spirit to develop their economy. The black race would have gain more respect. But because of the virus of one Nigeria, that reality was dashed.
Nigeria is nothing but a glorified village. A country cursed with poor infrastructure, can't even boast of a world class city. Countries like Ivory Coast have better and well developed cities than Nigeria.
The fact that the God forsaken country is even struggling economically with South Africa is enough to call Nigeria a failed state. South Africa's economy is far more developed in manufacturing, service industry, commerce, power, infrastructure than Nigeria.
ONE NIGERIA IS DEAD!

Abeg make we hear word. How many cities are in Ivory coast? One or two maximum. Please spare us that rubbish. As for Biafra, she made weapons out of desperation cos no one else would sell her weapons. This ''ingenuity'' nonsense smacks of racial inferiority complex. We take Asian and European manufacturing for granted, but when Africans do it it shows ''ingenuity''? What's that about?

And there is really nothing to suggest that Biafra would have been especially productive, given the huge oil wealth that would have accrued to the govt and relatively small population. Necessity is the mother of invention. Huge oil wealth removes the 'necessity' for 'invention' when you can just import everything, like Saudi Arabia or UAE.

37 Likes 7 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by saaron(m): 12:12am On Mar 04, 2020
Rossinnki:


Abeg make we hear word. How many cities are in Ivory coast? One or two maximum. Please spare us that rubbish. As for Biafra, she made weapons out of desperation cos no one else would sell her weapons. This ''ingenuity'' nonsense smacks of racial inferiority complex. We take Asian and European manufacturing for granted, but when Africans do it it shows ''ingenuity''? What's that about?

And there is really nothing to suggest that Biafra would have been especially productive, given the huge oil wealth that would have accrued to the govt and relatively small population.
At the bolded; Necessity is the mother of all Inventions!
ONE NIGERIA IS DEAD!

16 Likes 1 Share

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Commentor: 12:13am On Mar 04, 2020
nameo:


Do you know that this is nothing to celebrate here, and infact that this indicts this Govt??

Clue: In 2014, Nigeria became the largest economy in Africa and valued at $509.9bn whilst South Africa was $370.3bn.

Today, Nigerian economy has according to your report in the OP declined to $472/402bn i.e a decline of about $38bn( it would even be more if you take into account inflation rate between then and now).

The only reason SA overtook us was that our growth since then has been very sluggish with us entering into a recession(successive "negative" growth). The reason why you just overtook SA again is that they just entered their 2nd recession within the period.

In real terms, none of the countries grew.

So quit that Buhari worship. On the economy, as with almost everything else, he has failed.

From Bloomberg in 2014:

The revision may boost the size of the economy by as much as 60 percent to between $384 billion and $424 billion, according to London-based Renaissance Capital Ltd., lifting Nigeria ahead of South Africa in the World Bank’s global rankings.

13 Likes

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by nameo: 12:16am On Mar 04, 2020
Commentor:


Nigeria’s economic growth beat forecasts in the fourth quarter, helping its economy to expand the most in four years in 2019 as oil output increased and the central bank took steps to boost credit growth. GDP in the West African country stood at $476 billion or $402 billion, depending on the rate used.

Mr man, what are comparing? Apples Vs Oranges.

The growth for last quarter of 2019 was bout 2.55%. That is low by Nigeria's standard. In 2014, growth was above 6%.

The reason it is the best in 4 years is cos other quarterly growth since this Govt came in has been even more dismal. And like i said earlier, it is an indictment on Buhari handling of the economy

36 Likes 1 Share

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Area4Area: 12:21am On Mar 04, 2020
Many do not understand that the exchange rate to the dollar can increase or decrease the GDP in dollar terms but the GDP PPP determines the true value of the economy.

This is why Britain and France are always giving everyone headache every year, if the pound become stronger against the Euro, the British economy becomes larger than that of France and when the Euro becomes stronger it becomes the opposite

3 Likes

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Rossinnki: 12:22am On Mar 04, 2020
saaron:

ONE NIGERIA IS DEAD!

You never say this shiit when a southerner is president.

Be patient. Buhari won't be there forever. undecided

20 Likes 5 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by nameo: 12:23am On Mar 04, 2020
Area4Area:
Hold on, what was calculated there was the GDP nominal which takes into account the exchange rate to the dollar, if the naira becomes 150 to a dollar today, GDP nominal would increase. The 509.9 billion figure was when the naira was higher than this.

GDP PPP doesn't take fully the exchange rate to the dollar and it actually gives the real state of the economy, someone who earns 350k naira in Nigeria and someone earning $1k in the US, who do you think would be living better. In dollar terms, they're both earning $1k. This is what the GDP PPP evaluates and that's why our GDP PPP is over $1.2 trillion today despite the 470 billion as the GDP nominal.

What is your point please.

Yes, the figures quoted and compared are GDP nominal figures.

4 Likes 1 Share

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by nameo: 12:25am On Mar 04, 2020
Commentor:


From Bloomberg in 2014:

The revision may boost the size of the economy by as much as 60 percent to between $384 billion and $424 billion, according to London-based Renaissance Capital Ltd., lifting Nigeria ahead of South Africa in the World Bank’s global rankings.

Whats your point?

Stop quoting things you are unwilling or unable to explain

8 Likes 3 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Area4Area: 12:26am On Mar 04, 2020
nameo:


Mr man, what are comparing? Apples Vs Oranges.

The growth for last quarter of 2019 was bout 2.55%. That is low by Nigeria's standard. In 2014, growth was above 6%.

The reason it is the best in 4 years is cos other quarterly growth since this Govt came in has been even more dismal. And like i said earlier, it is an indictment on Buhari handling of the economy
FYI, Nigeria's economic growth is accounted for by the oil and non-oil sectors.
If oil price and production increases the economic growth rate increases and if it goes down, growth rate reduces.

Tell us the price of a barrel of oil in January 2014 and January this year

40 Likes 7 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Rossinnki: 12:28am On Mar 04, 2020
nameo:


The reason why you just overtook SA again is that they just entered their 2nd recession within the period.


There was more to it than that. Significant movement in the Nigerian economy occurred. The Bloomberg report said:

''Nigeria’s economic growth beat forecasts in the fourth quarter, helping its economy to expand the most in four years in 2019 as oil output increased and the central bank took steps to boost credit growth. GDP in the West African country stood at $476 billion or $402 billion, depending on the rate used.

South Africa’s economy went the opposite direction...''

7 Likes 2 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by Area4Area: 12:29am On Mar 04, 2020
nameo:


What is your point please.

Yes, the figures quoted and compared are GDP nominal figures.

GDP PPP is the figure looked at by economists these days as the fluctuating currencies usually distort the true value of the economy

20 Likes 2 Shares

Re: Nigeria Now Tops South Africa As The Continent's Biggest Economy by MansoryMX(m): 12:32am On Mar 04, 2020
Commentor:
Nigeria Now Tops South Africa as the Continent’s Biggest Economy
By Prinesha Naidoo

March 3, 2020, 10:16 AM EST
South Africa slumped to its second recession in two years

Nigeria, South Africa make up half of sub-Saharan Africa’s GDP

Sign up to our Next Africa newsletter and follow Bloomberg Africa on Twitter

As if a recession wasn’t enough bad news for South Africa, it’s now confirmed as the continent’s second-largest economy.


The answer to the question of whether South Africa or Nigeria, the two countries that account for almost half of sub-Saharan Africa’s gross domestic product, is the biggest economy on the continent has long depended on which exchange rate you use for the West African nation. But now both the official naira rate of 306 per dollar and the weaker market exchange rate of around 360 that almost all investors use put Nigeria tops.

Number One
Nigeria’s economic growth beat forecasts in the fourth quarter, helping its economy to expand the most in four years in 2019 as oil output increased and the central bank took steps to boost credit growth. GDP in the West African country stood at $476 billion or $402 billion, depending on the rate used.

South Africa’s economy went the opposite direction.


It slumped into a second recession in consecutive years, contracting more than projected in the fourth quarter as power cuts weighed on output and business confidence. For the full year, expansion was 0.2%, the least since the global financial crisis, and even less than the central bank and government estimated. Based on a average rand-dollar exchange rate of 14.43 for the year, GDP was $352 billion.

Projections show Nigeria’s economy will continue to grow faster. While the International Monetary Fund cut its forecast for Nigeria’s 2020 growth to 2% from 2.5% last month due to lower oil prices, South Africa’s GDP is forecast to expand only 0.8%.

— With assistance by Paul Wallace

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-03/nigeria-now-tops-south-africa-as-the-continent-s-biggest-economy


South Africa as an economy in recession is far far better than Nigeria. You people should have some shame in this dead country. Our zero % in terms of security and 1000% in corruption is more than enough to put us at last position when comparing countries with standards in Africa.

See them! Quoting me and reigning insults on their generations. cheesy

A lot of you jobless morons here have not pass the borders of this country. A lot of you have never been to South Africa so y’all can’t understand a single thing when I tell you South Africa is a world class nation, far better than Nigeria. How many Nigerian companies do we have in South Africa? Do we have basic infrastructure? Stable electricity? good roads, educated police who respects citizens rights? Until we have all basic amenities that can define us a reputable country, we should hide ourselves in shame. Those of you quoting me, y’all think 30k monthly N-power alert na achievement abi? I dey shame for una.

21 Likes 5 Shares

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) ... (13) (Reply)

Tinubu Visits Nigerian Troops In Guinea-bissau Reassures Desire For Global Peace / Northern Senators Meet Over Igbo Domination In Army / You Have 7 Days To Bring Out Buhari’s Certificate – Group Tells Defence Minister

(Go Up)

Sections: politics (1) business autos (1) jobs (1) career education (1) romance computers phones travel sports fashion health
religion celebs tv-movies music-radio literature webmasters programming techmarket

Links: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Nairaland - Copyright © 2005 - 2024 Oluwaseun Osewa. All rights reserved. See How To Advertise. 77
Disclaimer: Every Nairaland member is solely responsible for anything that he/she posts or uploads on Nairaland.