Welcome, Guest: Register On Nairaland / LOGIN! / Trending / Recent / New
Stats: 3,206,148 members, 7,994,921 topics. Date: Wednesday, 06 November 2024 at 01:54 AM

The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather - Health (5) - Nairaland

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Health / The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather (71099 Views)

10 Ways To Protect Yourself And Family From The Coronavirus / Coronavirus: Parents Abandon Kids At China Airport / Coronavirus: Snakes The Likely Cause Of Deadly Chinese Virus (2) (3) (4)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (Reply) (Go Down)

Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by excanny: 9:44pm On Apr 04, 2020
Jaqenhghar:
BS. Glorida which is warmer than most US cities has one of the highest rates of corona virus cases. Make una dey spread this kuli kuli wisdom. Make una no protect unaself.

God bless u.

1 Like

Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by johnmattew: 9:44pm On Apr 04, 2020
Priapus69:
Your hypothesis is inherently flawed.
After getting your sample population you should factor in the quantity of testing done in those colder regions, compared to the warmer regions.
Then whatever results you think you have should undergo a 'Test of Significance' to see if the observed variable is well significant or not.
Untill that is done, whatever observations you think you know can and will be misleading.
Thanks
u think so?


today makes it 14 days since Nigerian government closed her airspace,yet our hospitals and pharmacies aren't littered with people having flu and respiratory difficulties
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by Jeffyblaq(m): 9:44pm On Apr 04, 2020
989900:


Correct.

Well said!
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by franchasng: 9:45pm On Apr 04, 2020
Seun:
Effect Of Temperature On COVID-19: An Unscientific Investigation.

In the early days of the Coronavirus scourge, many Nigerians believed that we wouldn't be affected because of our hot weather. Now that we're testing people, we have seen a sharp increase in the number of confirmed cases, to about 210, which is still quite low for a country with 190 million residents. However many people suspect that the virus has penetrated our society far more deeply than the NCDC statistics suggest. We've noticed that people who travelled to colder countries recently or spend most of their time in air-conditioned spaces, or their direct contacts, are massively over-represented among the confirmed cases. Is this because they are the only ones being tested, or is heat a factor?

Here is the list of the 10 countries that have the highest number of active COVID-19 cases, and their forecasted temperatures for the day:
* USA has 257,790 active cases. The temperature forecast for New York is 8°C - 15°C.
* Italy has 85,388 active cases. The temperature forecast for Rome is 7°C - 25°C.
* Spain has 77,488 active cases. The temperature forecast for Madrid is 6°C - 19°C
* Germany has 65,309 active cases. The temperature forecast for Berlin is 1°C - 12°C
* France has 61,650 active cases. The temperature forecast for Paris is 6°C - 17°C
* UK has 34,428 active cases. The temperature forecast for London is 4°C - 16°C
* Iran has 31,954 active cases. The temperature forecast for Tehran is 8°C - 19°C
* Turkey has 20,012 active cases. The temperature forecast for Istanbul is 8°C - 11°C
* Switzerland has 14,169 active cases. The temperature forecast for Geneva is 3°C - 17°C
* Netherlands has 13,986 active cases. The temperature forecast for Amsterdam is 4°C - 14°C

On average, the top ten countries with Coronavirus have a temperature forecast of 5.5 - 16.5°C. The temperature forecast for Lagos is 26°C - 34°C, and for Abuja, it's 24°C - 36°C. This is a massive, massive difference! The maximum temperature of nine of the countries above is lower than the minimum temperature of Lagos. The maximum temperature of 7 of those countries is lower than the minimum thermostat setting of most Nigerian air-conditioners (18°C).

The countries mentioned above are in Africa, Asia or Europe. What about Africa? Here's our top 5:
* South Africa has 1,401 active cases. The temperature forecast for Johannesburg is 9°C - 15°C.
* Algeria has 1,004 active cases. The temperature forecast for Algiers is 9°C - 17°C.
* Egypt has 703 active cases. The temperature forecast for Cairo is 24°C - 34°C.1
* Tunisia has 472 active cases. The temperature forecast for Tunis is 8°C - 17°C.
* Burkina Faso has 236 active cases. The temperature forecast for Ouagadougou is 28°C - 43°C. 1
1 The Egypt data is misleading because the their average temperature last month was 11.6°C to 26°C, but Burkina Faso is a legitimate outlier; the country is much hotter than Nigeria.

The above data, in spite of the outlier, is enough to convince me that the Coronavirus likes cold weather and probably spreads faster in cold places, such as air-conditioned cars, offices, and homes. This, apart from the lack of testing, may explain why we are yet to see any significant evidence of transmission outside the circles of travellers and the rich and powerful in Nigeria. It is consistent with what we know about other respiratory illnesses, and why countries like the US expect the disease to slow down in their summer season (starting from June).

When I see videos of Lagos officials spraying open areas e.g. roads & sidewalks in Lagos, I have to laugh, because I strongly suspect that, if they actually bothered to test for the presence of the virus on those surfaces, they'd find nothing at all because the sun already sterilized them.

Knowing that the virus hates our hot temperature gives me hope. If a cold country like South Korea (0°C -13°C forecast for today) could beat the virus without destroying their economy by imposing a total lockdown, a constantly hot country like Nigeria could do much better if we used the same tactics. We need to start testing people who have had close contact with confirmed cases before they show symptoms. We also need to enforce universal wearing of face-masks and social distancing everywhere, which in itself may even be sufficient to end the virus.

May your days be bright and hot. May your air-conditioners be off and your windows wide open (to get rid of aerosolized droplets). Cheers.

PS: I always make a lot of mistakes when I post long articles, so if you spot any errors, omissions, or false statements, please correct me.
We have said this consistently since February even before the first index case in Nigeria.



Coronavirus is like flu, they go in hand with cold weather.

Well done Seun
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by abdullkabar(m): 9:45pm On Apr 04, 2020
Seun:
Effect Of Temperature On COVID-19: An Unscientific Investigation.

In the early days of the Coronavirus scourge, many Nigerians believed that we wouldn't be affected because of our hot weather. Now that we're testing people, we have seen a sharp increase in the number of confirmed cases, to about 210, which is still quite low for a country with 190 million residents. However many people suspect that the virus has penetrated our society far more deeply than the NCDC statistics suggest. We've noticed that people who travelled to colder countries recently or spend most of their time in air-conditioned spaces, or their direct contacts, are massively over-represented among the confirmed cases. Is this because they are the only ones being tested, or is heat a factor?

Here is the list of the 10 countries that have the highest number of active COVID-19 cases, and their forecasted temperatures for the day:
* USA has 257,790 active cases. The temperature forecast for New York is 8°C - 15°C.
* Italy has 85,388 active cases. The temperature forecast for Rome is 7°C - 25°C.
* Spain has 77,488 active cases. The temperature forecast for Madrid is 6°C - 19°C
* Germany has 65,309 active cases. The temperature forecast for Berlin is 1°C - 12°C
* France has 61,650 active cases. The temperature forecast for Paris is 6°C - 17°C
* UK has 34,428 active cases. The temperature forecast for London is 4°C - 16°C
* Iran has 31,954 active cases. The temperature forecast for Tehran is 8°C - 19°C
* Turkey has 20,012 active cases. The temperature forecast for Istanbul is 8°C - 11°C
* Switzerland has 14,169 active cases. The temperature forecast for Geneva is 3°C - 17°C
* Netherlands has 13,986 active cases. The temperature forecast for Amsterdam is 4°C - 14°C

On average, the top ten countries with Coronavirus have a temperature forecast of 5.5 - 16.5°C. The temperature forecast for Lagos is 26°C - 34°C, and for Abuja, it's 24°C - 36°C. This is a massive, massive difference! The maximum temperature of nine of the countries above is lower than the minimum temperature of Lagos. The maximum temperature of 7 of those countries is lower than the minimum thermostat setting of most Nigerian air-conditioners (18°C).

The countries mentioned above are in Africa, Asia or Europe. What about Africa? Here's our top 5:
* South Africa has 1,401 active cases. The temperature forecast for Johannesburg is 9°C - 15°C.
* Algeria has 1,004 active cases. The temperature forecast for Algiers is 9°C - 17°C.
* Egypt has 703 active cases. The temperature forecast for Cairo is 24°C - 34°C.1
* Tunisia has 472 active cases. The temperature forecast for Tunis is 8°C - 17°C.
* Burkina Faso has 236 active cases. The temperature forecast for Ouagadougou is 28°C - 43°C. 1
1 The Egypt data is misleading because the their average temperature last month was 11.6°C to 26°C, but Burkina Faso is a legitimate outlier; the country is much hotter than Nigeria.

The above data, in spite of the outlier, is enough to convince me that the Coronavirus likes cold weather and probably spreads faster in cold places, such as air-conditioned cars, offices, and homes. This, apart from the lack of testing, may explain why we are yet to see any significant evidence of transmission outside the circles of travellers and the rich and powerful in Nigeria. It is consistent with what we know about other respiratory illnesses, and why countries like the US expect the disease to slow down in their summer season (starting from June).

When I see videos of Lagos officials spraying open areas e.g. roads & sidewalks in Lagos, I have to laugh, because I strongly suspect that, if they actually bothered to test for the presence of the virus on those surfaces, they'd find nothing at all because the sun already sterilized them.

Knowing that the virus hates our hot temperature gives me hope. If a cold country like South Korea (0°C -13°C forecast for today) could beat the virus without destroying their economy by imposing a total lockdown, a constantly hot country like Nigeria could do much better if we used the same tactics. We need to start testing people who have had close contact with confirmed cases before they show symptoms. We also need to enforce universal wearing of face-masks and social distancing everywhere, which in itself may even be sufficient to end the virus.

May your days be bright and hot. May your air-conditioners be off and your windows wide open (to get rid of aerosolized droplets). Cheers.

PS: I always make a lot of mistakes when I post long articles, so if you spot any errors, omissions, or false statements, please correct me.
Scientifically, a cold weather aids the activeness of organisms, whereby a very hot weather will most likely kill or reduce the activeness.
Lets take the droplet from an infected person for example. It will dry off quickly with a high temperature, as well as increased wind velocity.

The theory of hot weather not favouring the covid19 virus is not ascertained, but a hot weather will definitely help reduce the activeness and spread of the virus.
Person nofit compare fire and heaven na
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by 0m0nnakoda: 9:45pm On Apr 04, 2020
Obinoscopy:
Humidity also plays a role. I believe the virus prefers a cold and dry environment. Nigeria has a hot and humid weather, perhaps that's why we have few cases relatively.
Viruses do not live for long outside the host though in colder environments they survive for longer,. I am talking about surfaces like door handles ,lift buttons desks etc Some reports have claimed several days
However in tissue or waste like blood,feces dead bodies they could thrive in warm temperatures that is why sanitation is important
There are reports of feco-oral transmission

1 Like

Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by Damson22: 9:45pm On Apr 04, 2020
Pls ooo

China is not on list � na.
What happen?

1 Like

Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by excanny: 9:48pm On Apr 04, 2020
johnmattew:
u think so?


today makes it 14 days since Nigerian government closed her airspace,yet our hospitals and pharmacies aren't littered with people having flu and respiratory difficulties

I think we have a weakened version of the new coronavirus but the spread is still high but no serious symptoms showing up. DNA mutation may have occurred or something.
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by Ayoefa: 9:48pm On Apr 04, 2020
Brilliant observations, I knew this more than a month ago hence my reason for running back to Niaja at the end of February. To be honest, this was widely reported on US news outlets at the beginning of this pandemic that warmer weather will not allow it to spread. I don't know why they went away from that hypothesis even though it seem to be right.

2 Likes

Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by farem: 9:48pm On Apr 04, 2020
Erediauwa:
Dear Seun Osewa,



What are you giving back to your esteemed members this period?


We all know that it is not the best of times for everyone, and I will suggest you show some appreciation and some act of kindness to members of this forum who are in need.




God bless Nairaland.

Jason.

Are you that Jason that threatened Queen Salawa Abeni?

1 Like 1 Share

Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by Jeffyblaq(m): 9:48pm On Apr 04, 2020
kowalsky:


Quote your source. Or stop spreading misinformation.


Aerosols (1mm) from infected person are grounded to the floor or nearby surfaces within a radius of 1 - 2 meters by gravity.

Although certain researches have detected viral RNA fragment in air around isolation centers. The WHO still maintains that the virus is not transmittable through air because such fragments are non-infective.

Tell him what he doesn't know..



Knowledge is power!
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by johnmattew: 9:48pm On Apr 04, 2020
Jaqenhghar:
BS. Florida which is warmer than most US cities has one of the highest rates of corona virus cases. Make una dey spread this kuli kuli wisdom. Make una no protect unaself.
what's the temperature and humidity of Florida?...Google it first b4 u start spewing trash


there is a reason why flu thrive in hot harmattan and cold rainy season compared to normal hot non-harmattan days

3 Likes

Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by 0m0nnakoda: 9:49pm On Apr 04, 2020
abdullkabar:

Scientifically, a cold weather aids the activeness of organisms, whereby a very hot weather will most likely kill or reduce the activeness.
Lets take the droplet from an infected person for example. It will dry off quickly with a high temperature, as well as increased wind velocity.

The theory of hot weather not favouring the covid19 virus is not ascertained, but a hot weather will definitely help reduce the activeness and spread of the virus.
Person nofit compare fire and heaven na
Organisms?
There are many kinds of organisms duh!
Bacteria love hot weather
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by GermanMelania: 9:50pm On Apr 04, 2020
Erediauwa:
Dear Seun Osewa,



What are you giving back to your esteemed members this period?


We all know that it is not the best of times for everyone, and I will suggest you show some appreciation and some act of kindness to members of this forum who are in need.




God bless Nairaland.

Jason.

You don't know his pocket.
He provides an invaluable service
Does he seem like the type to make a show of giving? He may have been giving back all these years and maybe even fed 1000 people since this outbreak but you'll never know.

1 Like

Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by GAZZUZZ(m): 9:51pm On Apr 04, 2020
johnmattew:
learn to use ur brain b4 commenting...it's already 14 days simc e federal government shutdown it airspace and yet our hospitals a d pharmacy aren't littered with people having symptoms of coronavirus

I owe you a beer cheesy
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by gowonmaharajah(m): 9:51pm On Apr 04, 2020
first time i'd be on a thread created by our own Seun Osewa.
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by Purifychy(f): 9:52pm On Apr 04, 2020
Nice write-up Seun

1 Like

Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by abdullkabar(m): 9:53pm On Apr 04, 2020
0m0nnakoda:

Organisms?
There are many kinds of organisms duh!
Bacteria love hot weather
I willingly used organisms.
Even humans can't cope under too hot condition, as well as under too cold condition.
Now take the size of microorganisms into account, do you think they will thrive well in 24° upwards

Modified: Where did you learn that bacteria loves hot weather?
Lecture me, but mind you
I am a microbiologist

1 Like

Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by johnmattew: 9:53pm On Apr 04, 2020
excanny:


I think we have a weakened version of the new coronavirus but the spread is still high but no serious symptoms showing up. DNA mutation may have occurred or something.
mtchewwwww.....India,Brazil, Indonesia got similar temperature with sub-saharan Africa ,but their rate o Corona cases are higher but far lower than European cases,despite those mentioned countries are far more populated( at least 200million)... humidity play a vital role btw cases in sub Saharan Africa and those countries mentioned.tho Africa is still hotter than those countries
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by johnmattew: 9:56pm On Apr 04, 2020
GAZZUZZ:

I owe you a beer cheesy
I don't take alcohol pls
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by VaselineCrew: 9:56pm On Apr 04, 2020
@Seun

I could also categorize the countries you listed into developed and under developed countries, in which case, overall testing numbers would have to be put into consideration.

1 Like

Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by 0m0nnakoda: 9:59pm On Apr 04, 2020
abdullkabar:

I willingly used organisms.
Even humans can't cope under too hot condition, as well as under too cold condition.
Now take the size of microorganisms into account, do you think they will thrive well in 24° upwards

Modified: Where did you learn that bacteria loves hot weather?
Lecture me, but mind you
I am a microbiologist
When you use chocolate agar for N gonococcus incubation in the lab.What temperature do you use?
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by sylve11: 9:59pm On Apr 04, 2020
Can we say this covid 19 is common hard cold? cool
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by blackmantis: 10:02pm On Apr 04, 2020
sylve11:
Can we say this covid 19 is common hard cold? cool

Its in their family
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by AnanseK(m): 10:03pm On Apr 04, 2020
Where are these men?

1 Like

Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by 0m0nnakoda: 10:03pm On Apr 04, 2020
abdullkabar:

I willingly used organisms.
Even humans can't cope under too hot condition, as well as under too cold condition.
Now take the size of microorganisms into account, do you think they will thrive well in 24° upwards

Modified: Where did you learn that bacteria loves hot weather?
Lecture me, but mind you
I am a microbiologist
I find it hard to believe you are a microbiologist if you don't know that bacteria love hot weather
Bacteria are generally incubated in the lab at 37 C
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by Bambambiglo: 10:03pm On Apr 04, 2020
GAZZUZZ:


Very correct, we are doing 38-40deg this morning

Oga if corona no dey, heat stroke ma dey
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by excanny: 10:04pm On Apr 04, 2020
Still waiting for NCDC count today. Hope we don't get over 40 cases today?
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by abdullkabar(m): 10:04pm On Apr 04, 2020
0m0nnakoda:

When you use chocolate agar for N gonococcus incubation in the lab.What temperature do you use?
Are you asking me a question, or you want to explain your claim?
Explain the experiment you are carrying out, and give us the end result
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by bluefilm: 10:05pm On Apr 04, 2020
Our only saving grace concerning this corona covid nonsense right now is our hot weather.

Nothing more; nothing less.

I used to pray for the terrible heat to go.

Now, I am praying for the rains not to come... at least, for now! grin grin grin grin
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by 0m0nnakoda: 10:05pm On Apr 04, 2020
abdullkabar:

Are you asking me a question, or you want to explain your claim?
Explain the experiment you are carrying out, and give us the end result
You are not a microbiologist
Re: The Coronavirus Seems To Like Cold Weather by madridsta007(m): 10:06pm On Apr 04, 2020
Seun:
Effect Of Temperature On COVID-19: An Unscientific Investigation.

In the early days of the Coronavirus scourge, many Nigerians believed that we wouldn't be affected because of our hot weather. Now that we're testing people, we have seen a sharp increase in the number of confirmed cases, to about 210, which is still quite low for a country with 190 million residents. However many people suspect that the virus has penetrated our society far more deeply than the NCDC statistics suggest. We've noticed that people who travelled to colder countries recently or spend most of their time in air-conditioned spaces, or their direct contacts, are massively over-represented among the confirmed cases. Is this because they are the only ones being tested, or is heat a factor?

Here is the list of the 10 countries that have the highest number of active COVID-19 cases, and their forecasted temperatures for the day:
* USA has 257,790 active cases. The temperature forecast for New York is 8°C - 15°C.
* Italy has 85,388 active cases. The temperature forecast for Rome is 7°C - 25°C.
* Spain has 77,488 active cases. The temperature forecast for Madrid is 6°C - 19°C
* Germany has 65,309 active cases. The temperature forecast for Berlin is 1°C - 12°C
* France has 61,650 active cases. The temperature forecast for Paris is 6°C - 17°C
* UK has 34,428 active cases. The temperature forecast for London is 4°C - 16°C
* Iran has 31,954 active cases. The temperature forecast for Tehran is 8°C - 19°C
* Turkey has 20,012 active cases. The temperature forecast for Istanbul is 8°C - 11°C
* Switzerland has 14,169 active cases. The temperature forecast for Geneva is 3°C - 17°C
* Netherlands has 13,986 active cases. The temperature forecast for Amsterdam is 4°C - 14°C

On average, the top ten countries with Coronavirus have a temperature forecast of 5.5 - 16.5°C. The temperature forecast for Lagos is 26°C - 34°C, and for Abuja, it's 24°C - 36°C. This is a massive, massive difference! The maximum temperature of nine of the countries above is lower than the minimum temperature of Lagos. The maximum temperature of 7 of those countries is lower than the minimum thermostat setting of most Nigerian air-conditioners (18°C).

The countries mentioned above are in Africa, Asia or Europe. What about Africa? Here's our top 5:
* South Africa has 1,401 active cases. The temperature forecast for Johannesburg is 9°C - 15°C.
* Algeria has 1,004 active cases. The temperature forecast for Algiers is 9°C - 17°C.
* Egypt has 703 active cases. The temperature forecast for Cairo is 24°C - 34°C.1
* Tunisia has 472 active cases. The temperature forecast for Tunis is 8°C - 17°C.
* Burkina Faso has 236 active cases. The temperature forecast for Ouagadougou is 28°C - 43°C. 1
1 The Egypt data is misleading because the their average temperature last month was 11.6°C to 26°C, but Burkina Faso is a legitimate outlier; the country is much hotter than Nigeria.

The above data, in spite of the outlier, is enough to convince me that the Coronavirus likes cold weather and probably spreads faster in cold places, such as air-conditioned cars, offices, and homes. This, apart from the lack of testing, may explain why we are yet to see any significant evidence of transmission outside the circles of travellers and the rich and powerful in Nigeria. It is consistent with what we know about other respiratory illnesses, and why countries like the US expect the disease to slow down in their summer season (starting from June).

When I see videos of Lagos officials spraying open areas e.g. roads & sidewalks in Lagos, I have to laugh, because I strongly suspect that, if they actually bothered to test for the presence of the virus on those surfaces, they'd find nothing at all because the sun already sterilized them.

Knowing that the virus hates our hot temperature gives me hope. If a cold country like South Korea (0°C -13°C forecast for today) could beat the virus without destroying their economy by imposing a total lockdown, a constantly hot country like Nigeria could do much better if we used the same tactics. We need to start testing people who have had close contact with confirmed cases before they show symptoms. We also need to enforce universal wearing of face-masks and social distancing everywhere, which in itself may even be sufficient to end the virus.

May your days be bright and hot. May your air-conditioners be off and your windows wide open (to get rid of aerosolized droplets). Cheers.

PS: I always make a lot of mistakes when I post long articles, so if you spot any errors, omissions, or false statements, please correct me.

If Africa or any of the African countries was the epicentre of the virus and there was detailed testing and diagnosis, the numbers will same or be higher than the numbers from the West [due to the poor health infrastructure].
It is all about the epicentre and the factors that drive the spread.
Your argument, while emotionally beautiful, is misleading as it is not backed by science. Virus can survive in temperate regions. That is why Lassa Virus, Ebola Virus Disease and HIV survives in Africa, the epicentre.

2 Likes

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (Reply)

5G Network: Can It Cause Cancer or COVID-19? / No Exercise Or Drug Can Grow The Penis- Dr Olufunmilayo / Help! My Penis Hole Is Tearing

Viewing this topic: 1 guest(s)

(Go Up)

Sections: politics (1) business autos (1) jobs (1) career education (1) romance computers phones travel sports fashion health
religion celebs tv-movies music-radio literature webmasters programming techmarket

Links: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Nairaland - Copyright © 2005 - 2024 Oluwaseun Osewa. All rights reserved. See How To Advertise. 1
Disclaimer: Every Nairaland member is solely responsible for anything that he/she posts or uploads on Nairaland.