OtemAtum:
Loneliness will always come whenever you are not busy or whenever you think of whom to end up with. This is normal. This is a more reason why you need to continue 'winning souls' to your ideology
Win them, win them, one by one
God(EXISTENCE) loves CHANGE, only programmed robotic gods like Yahweh, Allah, Moloch etc don't like CHANGE(not APC change sha).

I agree with you. Although I don't believe in "winning souls". I think everyone should find their own way to enlightenment. I think everyone should ask their own questions and search for answers. I think those that aren't curious are only going to weary my spirit with useless conversation.

superhumanist:
The path of the righteous is difficult and lonely.

It is normal to feel loneliness when you are different or in the minority.

This is why group meetings or associations are important.

Difficult to find such here in Nigeria, outside of forums like Nairaland

Chubhie:
It is an illusion to think yourself as lonely. There are many of your kind out there.

If you hold out and not compromise, You shall have a vibrational match to the frequencies you emit. I tell you this from experience.

How do you know a vibrational match? I've discussed with people and then it turns deep and then they have goosebumps. They show it to me. Find your own confirmation.

Regardless of all you may come across, adopt the Socratic posture that you know nothing.

For your own good, never settle for less. enjoy the experience.

Wow! What you said about goosebumps has actually happened to me before, I remember the guy going cold and reaching out to hug me tight as a result of something I had said when we were having a "deep discussion ".

Thank you for this. Yes and it's in accepting that I know nothing that I've been able to open my mind to many things. As for never settling, Hmmm life can be simple but overwhelmingly complex at the same time.

MizMyColi:
Hi there @rinrin24.

I like the coherence with which you write.
I want to be like you when I grow up.
Lol.


Okay, I can quite relate with your position.
I was once there.
Tell you what...

You should not feel afraid to express your truth to the one you love, and whom you believe loves you.
It takes bravery and courage to do so, but trust me, in the end, you will be better for it.

I have struggled with feelings of being partially accepted because of my spiritual path and orientation. It was until I came "clean" that I found peace and such inexplicable freedom within and without. Again, I will say you should not feel fearful hesitation to express your truth and until you can do that, please do not get married to him just yet. You want to avoid being termed a pretender and names like that

Lol. Hi MizMyColi, glad you could drop in.

In the past I have spoken my truth freely, but what I notice is people getting defensive. I understand that people are emotionally attached to their beliefs and tend to feel judged or insulted by anyone who poses a different view (even when not trying to impose it on anyone). It is because of this that I keep my views to myself so as not to step on toes. However the thought of doing this "forever" is terrifying, especially when you consider bringing children into the mix.

On every other aspect, I have never been more "compatible" with anyone as much as I am with him. I agree with the emboldened, I think that is very key.

Seun:
Yes, I do feel lonely sometimes. Don't marry the person you want to spend your life with until he understands and fully accepts the new you.

The male to female ratio in the freethinker/atheist/humanist/agnostic/pantheist/deist community is very high, so you will find someone easily.

Thank you Seun. I agree with the emboldened. I however dont think he will ever really understand, but will always accept me the way I am. I guess I should be content with acceptance.

As for the ratio and finding a match, haha it's highly unlikely (though maybe not impossible)

This is a question that I'd like to pose to those nairalanders on a quest to enlightenment, those in search of the truth of our existence and purpose on earth, those who have and hold views contrary to popular belief.
Do you ever feel lonely?

I have come a long way in my quest for enlightenment and yet I know that I have only just scratched the surface. Four years ago I asked a few questions that lead me away from my religious beliefs, and "down the rabbit hole".

This is a journey that completely changed my life, exposed the weaknesses in the core of my reasoning and belief system. I have since gone from "Christian" to "Atheist" and to being in complete and utter awe of this great mystery that we live in. I always say that "I am searching " and this has opened my mind greatly to infinite possibilities. Sometimes I look back at my previous posts and comments on this platform and laugh at how far I've come.

What I have found is that regardless of the bond and connection I form with anyone else, there's a huge gaping void of loneliness I feel when I can't share my journey with them. I'll quote Carl Jung when he says "As a child I felt myself to be alone, and I am still because I know things and must hint at things that others know nothing of and for the most part do not want to know. Loneliness does not come from having no one about, but from being unable to communicate the things that seem important to oneself or from holding views which others find inadmissible ".

I don't always feel this way, but every now and then I look at the person I want to spend the rest of my life with and I feel a twinge of that deep seated loneliness. Does he know that I am searching? Yes. Does he understand what that truely means? No. Would I ever be able to share this incredible yet intimate part of my existence with him? I fear tremendously, No. Would I always have to tiptoe around these things, twist words so that I am understood, deflect questions he asks cos he might never understand? I fear tremendously, Yes.

It's been an emotional night for me as I contemplate these things. I'd like to know if anyone else is in my shoes, how do you handle it?

Sarassin LoJ and Smartn09

I am deeply grateful to you for taking out time to respond.

Sarassin

I have read (all night) from the 1st to the 49th page of this thread.

Thank you for starting this thread and still dropping wisdom and guiding tips even in the midst of the "noise".

I have crossed over from deeply religious to being atheist and now exploring spirituality.

I have been vegan for over a year and I'm now beginning to focus on and improve my meditation practices in order to raise my vibration.

I have the following questions to ask and I'd deeply appreciate your response

1. Is there a defined process to take ( e.g stage 1 before 2, and 2 before 3)? I find that I am eager to try astral projection even when I havent mastered deep meditation. Is this advisable?

2. During meditation, how do I keep my space pure and safe from negative energies

3. When I eventually connect with my "higher self" how do I know that it truly is and not some malicious being

4. How do you stay rooted in your physical life/experience. I have heard of people getting lost in meditation and spirituality that nothing else seems to matter to them.

5. What are the most powerful ways to raise vibrations

Insight from LoJ, 4C2215131 will be much appreciated as well as you seem to be quite advanced spiritually

iamnlia:
Rinrin23....I sight you.

Yes I've been a low key follower of billyonaire's posts for a while now. Lol I sight you too. It was partly because of our shared interests that I offered to help with your vegan journey.

iamnlia:

Wow, some inspiration.
I later gave the chicken to my sister sha, how do you eat out when everything Nigerians cook contains crayfish and meat.

Push them aside. It's unfortunate. Iv eaten pieces of fish unknowingly at some point (inside moi moi). I don't fuss too much about it. I dont eat out much anyway

It's all in your mind. Change your mind, change your life.

If you were told there's a strain of bird flu going around, nothing would make you touch that chicken.

I've been vegan since mid 2016

johnydon22:


Think about this; The atom is 99% empty space, as a matter of fact the entire stadium would be no bigger than a little cup if the empty space of the atom and between the atoms are removed.

So imagine at the scale we perceive such tiny thing due to the deception of the space between and within atoms, this means that everything, all that we perceive and all that we are, are in fact 99% not there and only 1% there.

how real are we?




Just like a question we asked in one of our philosophical discussion meet ups, Are living in a simulation?

Like you rightly pointed out, this universe might actually just be a virtual reality projected within the actual reality just like our mediocre VR now but much more advanced

Atoms and subatomic particles are not even solid as we would think. It is all energy vibrating at different frequencies. Even more shocking is physicists discovering that these subatomic "particles" are waves that only manifest as particles when being observed.

There's a whole lot to this "matrix" that we live in.

Some of us have asked and continue to ask these questions.

We have been conditioned to think that "real" is what we can perceive with our 5 senses. However attaining different levels of awareness exposes us to the other realities that exist beyond these 5 senses.

Another way to look at it:
In our time we have Virtual Reality headsets that allow you to simulate(sight and sound) the users physical presence in an imaginary environment. Imagine the evolution of this piece of technology in the next 10 years (sight, sound, taste, touch and more). If immersed long enough one would start to perceive that VR world as real, no?

OmaniPadmeHum:
I don't understand why married couples are playing games and trying to psychologically hurt each other.

Well, while stories like this one are not my usual, my principle on matters like this one is very clear.

I WILL KICK YOU OUT!

I don't care if we have 200 million children.
I don't care if they are all infants.
I don't care if they will be raised by another man.
I don't care if your parents or my parents beg.
I don't care what your pastor says.
I wont be bothered if your village king begs.
I wont bother about your siblings or mine begging.

The fact that this is what I will do and the fact that this reaction from me is guaranteed saves me a lot of energy.

1. The lady knows way before we even get serious. You do it, and you are gone. THE BOUNDARIES ARE SET AND ARE CLEAR.
2. While I can't guarantee her fidelity, I can guarantee my reaction. I don't have to call or ask or go on Nairaland or Facebook etc. To ask what I should do. In principle what I will do is swift, clear, decisive and exacting.
3. My family and her family are aware of my no nonsense when it comes to other men. Whether ex or not.
4. I have ended relationships for much less e.g. accepting a phone gift from a guy; one was going out on a lunch date with a guy;Another was leaving my sitting room to go into the bathroom to answer a call from a "guy friend".
5. I am not begging any woman. Love or marriage is not compulsory. I can't trade a peaceful life for an embattled marriage or relationship. To me, as I pass through life, studies, work, volunteering etc. if I find love, then fine. If I don't, all good.

Talk things out with your wife. Regardless of what we say or suggest, it will still be both your responsibilities to take action. Talk things out. Try to get an agreement that no more petty games from any of you. Then watch and see.

Trying to expose the guy is giving him too much credit/regard. He did not force her to himself. I don't know why guys think their problem is with the other guy. If your wife allowed him, why blame him? Why fight him? Nah. Spare your energy for better things. Besides going headlong could spell more problems. Ignore him because no matter how you fight, if she wants, she will go back to him.

Have we met? I say the bolded all the time, in those EXACT words!

HenryDion:


Some call it daemon, some spirit guides.. Like i said before, this journey entails hardwork, not laziness. Before you embark on astral projection, you need to be ready bro.. You need to master the basics, buid up your [b]aura..vibrations, make sure your chakras are well aligned and activ[/b]e before trying to tackle more advanced practice. Do i need to tell you about third eye? I got mine activated through a Satanist frien here on NL.. His name is mellin or something like that. He had deactivated his account years ago...

Embarking on asral projection when your vibration is low and your mind unready might scare the shit outta you. For instance, when i started, i had this believe that demons are harmful and out to drain my positive energy.. I embarked on my first astral journey with this mindset and guess what I saw the most hideous demon ever. I had to jerk up from bed lol... Don't be in a haste.. One step at a time. Like i said, start with mediation. Doing that alone will start awaking the god in you, exposing you to more possibilities and fun.

I'm (crawling ) on this path, havent mastered getting my chakras and vibration right. People don't understand it's hard work. How did u stay focused in the midst of distractions - job, family, Nigerians!, these are the biggest hindrances I have faced so far with "job" being the most persistent.

@HenryDion, @Billyonaire How do you stay on this path and still be active in society? I'm currently fighting the urge to just be a recluse and just explore.

Hiswordxray:

Who is ignorant? The one who has seen the most debated personality in all of history Or the one hasn't seen or heard His voice.
Eeeya it said that you haven't meant this beautiful man. How wonderful it is to know him, to walk with him.

I would never forget the first time He told me that He is satisfied with me, He said He finds pleasure with just having me. My heart melted, the Almighty is madly in love with me and He can't take His eyes off me, for He is pleased with me. He is pleased with this new creation, this masterpiece, this beautiful son He has begotten.

It's just said you're missing out, all you have is some dumb knowledge you can mystery. A wisdom that keep telling you to do and do and keep doing and try harder and harder, pursuing something that is impossible to attain. What a sad life.

This is scary

musicwriter:
God is energy, there's no doubt about that. And it's easy to prove.

1. Energy is everywhere.
2. Energy is everything and in everything.
3. Energy can change from one state to another.
4. Energy does not discriminate.
5. Energy created everything.
6. There's nothing that was made that didn't come as a result of energy.
7. Pure energy cannot be created, and therefore, energy was never created even in the beginning.

Scientists said, if at all the universe ends, it would return to a dense point of raw mega energy. And from what @Billy has shown here you can see even NOTHING (empty space) is also energy. Of course, you must understand energy is conscious as the particle experiment in quantum physics has shown.

And yes, solidity is an illusion. Actually, the biggest illusion of all time is that something is solid. Followed by the notion there's death.

We are made up of atoms. And its known that 99.9% of an atom is empty space. How could something that's 99.9% empty space be said to be solid? Please tell me.

Everything is energy!. And current scientific finding shows it all waves, not even particles you can hold on to. Just pure waves. Nothing is solid, its wave. That's what we are!

I wish you knew the speed the earth is traveling in our milky way galaxy, plus the speed our own galaxy is traveling in the universe. Right now, no matter where you're reading this, you're literally traveling at a speed of more than 10 million times the fastest airplane!. Meaning, that we're porous, because nothing solid would withstand that speed!. So, we're already finer than dust right now. Just waves swimming across the universe!.

And be rest assured you will never die!!. We are walking waves existing in holograms already living in eternity NOW. Holograms because its only where the energy thickens that we're seen or anything for that matter is seen. Will you see me in a complete dark room?

Finally, death is a change of state and is nothing to worry about, because the best thing that would happen to you is to death. Death means freedom!!. When you die you leave the flesh and be free. You can then be to any location in the universe since the burden of carrying the flesh around would then be dropped. Again, death is a change of state; like you put a small water in a kettle to boil. But, you forgot, and before you came back to the kitchen you discover all the water has evaporated. That feeling of losing the water is an illusion. Because, in reality the water did not disappear!. Neither did the water die!. All the water in that kettle is still right there in the room as vapour and some may have escaped through the walls and celling. Believe it or not, that same water in our kettle did not stop to exist!. That same water would still come back as rainfall in future. In fact, you'll still boil that same water and use it another day.
As a matter of fact, the water you're using today are the same one you consumed in the past. How can you be sure? Because, the amount of water on planet earth has neither increased nor decreased since 13 Billion years ago!. No new water has come into the earth ever since!!.

This water in a kettle analogy is exactly how we travel in and out of existence as humans, but being caged in a body here on earth.

We have all been fooled by religion, standard education, the governments.

I don't think anyone could've explained it better than this.

enochogaga:


sorry ur budget cant get the gen set that can carry all ur listed appliances.

Thank you for replying!

If I change the bulbs to 40 watts energy saver and remove the electric oven. Would this fit my budget?

If not, which gen will fit my appliance needs?

@enochogaga

Please I really need your help urgently. I am buying generator for the first time and need help choosing the right one on a tight budget of 50-65k.

The gen will power the following appliances :

2 ceiling fans
4 200 watt bulbs
1 200 liter deep freezer
1 laptop
1 spectranet wifi (small)
1 small iron
1 blender
1 24 inch flat screen tv and small dstv decoder
2 Samsung s4 phones
1 electric oven (650-900watts)

Pls recommend what gen I can get and kva and the price range. I live in lagos.

Thanks in advance !!

.

.

Hello all!

I have spent hours on the internet trying to find information regarding obataining the CFP certification in Nigeria. Can anyone with useful information, or CFPs in the house help with this?

Any info on registration/study options/exams would be greatly appreciated.

johnydon22:

You are an atheist sweetheart or can be referred to as Agnostic atheist..

But educate me, what do you mean by soul?

Mildly put - the indestructible essence of a living thing. I'd be stuck on nairaland if I begin to explain any further

Again I don't believe in boxing belief or unbelief into categories. I think each person is at different stages of enlightenment or lack thereof at different period of times, and enlightenment is a journey.

EnlightenedSoul:


Well put! It's the same with "strong" atheists IMO. What say you?

@Justcare: This post aptly describes my position.

Agreed but I think the term 'God' has been so over- and inappropriately used. I don't believe in 'God' in the religious sense. In the (a) spiritual sense we could say we are all gods, or the sum total of all our souls form 'God'. There are endless possibilities really, I choose not to be rigid in my thinking and this has opened my mind up to different levels of enlightenment I never thought I could reach. I believe we may sort of have the same position, don't think Atheism is the right category though.

Whats even worse is the Oba- the traditional ruler of a Nigerian land, swearing in the name of an Arab God.

timmy2409:
Off the top of my head, there's rinrin23, and possibly EnlightenedSoul

Simply irreligious, and have no claims to having superior esoteric/exoteric knowledge as most theists do

Hunny! Think of all the amazing things you can achieve if you channeled that energy into more productive things. The creator has provided all you need, your soul is your guide. 24hours is ridiculous...and the 3 days person Smh!

hifaif:
My own prophesies revealed to me by inspiration of Igbo (weed) and ororo (Hennessey).

1. Somebody must die today. Pray that it won't be you or any of your loved ones.

2. Some people must wear new clothes today. Pray to be among them.

3. Some people will still eat jollof rice in the evening. Pray that God count you worthy of a plate of jollof rice and chicken.

4. Some people have bought banger. They intend to be mischievous with it. Pray not be a part of their target.

5. Police will arrest some people today. Pray not to be among them.

6. Some people will give big donations to their churches on the first Sunday and they shall be blessed beyond their expectations. Pray to be among them.

7. Some people will use paracetamol before this month runs out. Pray not to among them.

Priceless!!

You are right, we are our own problem, and by that our own saviour also. This is history, your degree should be a testament to the knowledge of this information.

However you cannot say the African has no inventions to his name. I quote this from a nairalander's post a while ago.

ROSSIKE:
[size=16pt]12 Great African Inventions That Changed The World[/size]



1 Speech

The first words by humans were spoken by Africans.

''Using statistical methods to estimate the time required to achieve the current spread and diversity in modern languages today, Johanna Nichols — a linguist at the University of California, Berkeley — argues that vocal language must have arisen in our species at least 100,000 years ago. Using phonemic diversity, a more recent analysis offers directly linguistic support for a similar date. Estimates of this kind are independently supported by genetic, archaeological, palaeontological and much other evidence suggesting that language probably emerged somewhere in sub-Saharan Africa during the Middle Stone Age, roughly contemporaneous with the speciation of Homo sapiens.''


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_language




2 Writing


In 1999, Archaeology Magazine reported that the earliest Egyptian hieroglyphs date back to 3400 BCE which "...challenge the commonly held belief that early logographs, pictographic symbols representing a specific place, object, or quantity, first evolved into more complex phonetic symbols in Mesopotamia."

Who were these original Egyptians?

The Greek historian Herodotus.. described the Colchians of the Black Sea shores as "Egyptians by race" and pointed out they had "black skins and kinky hair."

Apollodorus, the Greek philosopher, described Egypt as "the country of the black-footed ones" and the Latin historian Ammianus Marcellinus said "the men of Egypt are mostly brown or black with a skinny desiccated look."

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page88.shtml

In his book 'Egypt', British scholar Sir E.A. Wallis Budge says: "The prehistoric native of Egypt, both in the old and in the new Stone Ages, was African and there is every reason for saying that the earliest settlers came from the South." He further states: "There are many things in the manners and customs and religions of the historic Egyptians that suggests that the original home of their prehistoric ancestors was in a country in the neighborhood of Uganda and Punt [present day Somalia]."

''Greek historian Diodorus Siculus devoted an entire chapter of his world history, the Bibliotheke Historica, or Library of History (Book 3), to the Kushites ["Aithiopians"] of Meroe. Here he repeats the story of their great piety, their high favor with the gods, and adds the fascinating legend that they were.. the founders of Egyptian civilization, invented writing, and had given the Egyptians their religion and culture.''

(1st century B.C., Diodorus Siculus of Sicily, Greek historian and contemporary of Caesar Augustus, Universal History Book III. 2. 4-3. 3)

http://wysinger.homestead.com/blackegypt101.html

To summarise:

"Ancient Egypt was a Negro civilisation. The history of Black Africa will remain suspended in the air and cannot be written correctly until African historians connect it with the history of Egypt. The African historian who evades the problem of Egypt is neither modest nor objective nor unruffled. He is ignorant, cowardly and neurotic. The ancient Egyptians were Negroes. The moral fruit of their civilisation is to be counted among the assets of the Black world."

- Cheikh Anta Diop, The African Origin of Civilisation.



3 Medicine

''The earliest known surgery was performed in Egypt around 2750 BC.... The Ebers papyrus (1550 BC) is full of incantations and foul applications meant to turn away disease-causing demons, and also includes 877 prescriptions. It may also contain the earliest documented awareness of tumors..

Homer (800 BC) remarked in the Odyssey: "In Egypt, the men are more skilled in medicine than any of human kind" and "the Egyptians were skilled in medicine more than any other art". The Greek historian Herodotus visited Egypt around 440 BC and wrote extensively of his observations of their medicinal practices. Pliny the Elder also wrote favourably of them in historical review. Hippocrates (the "father of medicine", Herophilos, Erasistratus and later Galen studied at the temple of Amenhotep, and acknowledged the contribution of ancient Egyptian medicine to Greek medicine.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_medicine



4 Architecture

The African empire of Egypt developed a vast array of diverse structures and great architectural monuments along the Nile, among the largest and most famous of which are the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Great Sphinx of Giza

The pyramids, which were built in the Fourth Dynasty, testify to the power of the pharaonic religion and state. They were built to serve both as grave sites and also as a way to make their names last forever. The size and simple design show the high skill level of Egyptian design and engineering on a large scale. The Great Pyramid of Giza, which was probably completed c. 2580 BC, is the oldest and largest of the pyramids, and is the only surviving monument of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The pyramid of Khafre is believed to have been completed around 2532 BC, at the end of Khafre's reign.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture



5 Mathematics

The invention of mathematics is placed firmly in African PRE-HISTORY

''The oldest known possibly mathematical object is the Lebombo bone, discovered in the Lebombo mountains of Swaziland and dated to approximately 35,000 BC. It consists of 29 distinct notches cut into a baboon's fibula. Also prehistoric artifacts discovered in Africa and France, dated between 35,000 and 20,000 years old [respectively], suggest early attempts to quantify time.

The Ishango bone, found near the headwaters of the Nile river (northeastern Congo), may be as much as 20,000 years old and consists of a series of tally marks carved in three columns running the length of the bone. Common interpretations are that the Ishango bone shows either the earliest known demonstration of sequences of prime numbers or a six month lunar calendar.

Also, Predynastic Egyptians of the 5th millennium BC pictorially represented geometric designs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics#Prehistoric_mathematics

''Numeral systems have been many and diverse, with the first known written numerals created by Egyptians in Middle Kingdom texts such as the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus.

The earliest uses of mathematics were in trading, land measurement, painting and weaving patterns and the recording of time. More complex mathematics did not appear until around 3000 BC, when the Egyptians and Babylonians began using arithmetic, algebra and geometry for taxation and other financial calculations, for building and construction, and for astronomy''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics



6 Mining of minerals

The oldest known mine on archaeological record is the "Lion Cave" in Swaziland, which radiocarbon dating shows to be about 43,000 years old. Much later on, the Africans of Egypt mined malachite....Quarries for turquoise and copper were also found at "Wadi Hamamat, Tura, Aswan and various other Nubian sites"..The gold mines of Nubia were among the largest and most extensive in the world, and are described by the Greek author Diodorus Siculus. He mentions that fire-setting was one method used to break down the hard rock holding the gold. One of the complexes is shown in one of earliest known maps. They crushed the ore and ground it to a fine powder before washing the powder for the gold dust.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining#Prehistoric_mining



7 Iron Smelting

Iron smelting is a form of extractive metallurgy; its main use is to produce a metal from its ore. This includes production of silver, iron, copper and other base metals from their ores. Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, driving off other elements as gasses or slag and leaving just the metal behind.

Early iron smelting:

''Where and how iron smelting was discovered is widely debated, and remains uncertain due to the significant lack of production finds.. [but] there is a further possibility of iron smelting and working in West Africa by 1200 BC. In addition, very early instances of carbon steel were found to be in production around 2000 years before the present in northwest Tanzania, based on complex preheating principles. These discoveries are significant for the history of metallurgy.''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting


8 Religion

Greek historian Diodorus Siculus. From his own statements we learn that he traveled in Egypt around 60 BC. His travels in Egypt probably took him as far south as the first Cataract.He wrote about the ''Ethiopians'' south of Egypt.

"They further write that it was among them that people were first taught to honor the gods and offer sacrifices and arrange processions and festivals and perform other things by which people honor the divine. For this reason their piety is famous among all men, and the sacrifices among the Aithiopians are believed to be particularly pleasing to the divinity,"


9 Laws

Stephanus of Byzantium, who is said to represent the opinions of the most ancient Greeks, says:

"Ethiopia was the first established country on the earth, and the Ethiopians were the first who introduced the worship of the Gods and who established laws."
Quoted by John D. Baldwin, Prehistoric Nations, p. 62.



10 International Trade


In 1825, Arnold Hermann Heeren (1760-1842), Professor of History and Politics in the University of Gottengen and one of the ablest of the early exponents of the economic interpretation of history, published, in the fourth and revised edition of his great work Ideen Uber Die Politik, Den Verkehr Und Den Handel Der Vornehmsten Volker Der Alten Weld, a lengthy essay on the history, culture, and commerce of the ancient Ethiopians, which had profound influence on contemporary writers in the conclusion that it was among these ancient Black people of Africa and Asia that international trade was first developed. He thinks that as a by-product of these international contacts there was an exchange of ideas and cultural practices that laid the foundations of the earliest civilizations of the ancient world. Heeren in his researches says: "From the remotest times to the present, the Ethiopians [ancient name for blacks south of the Sahara] have been one of the most celebrated, and yet the most mysterious of nations. In the earliest traditions of nearly all the..civilized nations of antiquity, the name of this distant people is found. The annals of the Egyptian priests are full of them, and the nations of inner Asia, on the Euphrates and Tigris, have interwoven the fictions of the Ethiopians with their traditions of the wars and conquests of their heroes; and, at a period equally remote, they glimmer in Greek mythology. When the Greeks scarcely knew Italy and Sicily by name, the Ethiopians were celebrated in the verses of their poets, and when the faint gleam of tradition and fable gives way to the clear light of history, the lustre of the Ethiopians is not diminished."

http://wysinger.homestead.com/blackegypt101.html


11 Philosophy

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy#Ancient_philosophy

Philosophy in Africa has a rich and varied history, dating from pre-dynastic Egypt, continuing through the birth of Christianity and Islam. Arguably central to the ancients was the conception of "ma'at", which roughly translated refers to "justice", "truth", or simply "that which is right". One of the earliest works of political philosophy was the Maxims of Ptah-Hotep, which were taught to Egyptian schoolboys for centuries...Ancient Egyptian philosophers made extremely important contributions to Hellenistic philosophy, Christian philosophy, and Islamic philosophy.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_philosophy

''Ancient Egyptian philosophy has been credited by the ancient Greeks as being the beginning of philosophy''.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy


12 Art

The oldest art objects in the world—a series of tiny, drilled snail shells about 75,000 years old—were discovered in a South African cave.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art

odeku457:
Lol. .. I cant laugh o... this palestinians sha.

Well they can't sit idly by while their oppressors use foreign superpowers (that have intimidated their allies in some way or the other) as leverage.

RAMALLAH, West Bank (AP) — Turning up the pressure on Israel, the Palestinians announced Wednesday that they are joining the International Criminal Court to pursue war-crimes charges against the Jewish state — a risky, high-stakes move that brought threats of retaliation from Israel and criticism from the U.S.

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas acted a day after suffering a defeat in the U.N. Security Council, which voted down a resolution setting a three-year deadline for the establishment of a Palestinian state on lands occupied by Israel.

"We want to complain. There's aggression against us, against our land. The Security Council disappointed us," Abbas said.

Turning to the international court at The Hague marks a major policy shift, transforming Abbas' relations with Israel from tense to openly hostile. The ultimate goal is to pressure Israel into withdrawing from the territories and agreeing to Palestinian statehood.

The strategy carries risks, including the possibility the Palestinians themselves could be accused of war crimes over rocket attacks by the extremist group Hamas on Israeli population centers and other violence against Jewish targets.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed to take unspecified "retaliatory steps." In Washington, State Department spokesman Jeff Rathke said the U.S. was "deeply troubled" by the Palestinians' "escalatory step." He said it was "entirely counterproductive and does nothing to further the aspirations of the Palestinian people for a sovereign and independent state."

At the international court, the Palestinians could seek to have Israeli military or political figures prosecuted for alleged crimes involving settlement construction on occupied lands or actions by the military that cause heavy civilian casualties, for instance.

Israel is not a member of the court and does not recognize its jurisdiction. And the court has no police force and no authority to go into Israel and arrest suspects. But it could issue arrest warrants that would make it difficult for Israeli officials to travel abroad.

Abbas has been under heavy pressure to take stronger action against Israel amid months of rising tensions over the collapse of U.S.-brokered peace talks last spring, a 50-day war between Israel and Palestinian militants in Gaza over the summer, a recent spate of deadly Palestinian attacks on Israeli targets, and Israeli restrictions on access to a key Muslim holy site in Jerusalem.

The Palestinians planned to submit the paperwork for joining the ICC to U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on Wednesday afternoon, but postponed it, probably until Friday. Handing over the documents is the last formal step for Palestine to become a member of the ICC, which would happen in about 60 days.

Israel could take a number of retaliatory actions, including building more settlements, restricting financial transfers to the Palestinians, or curbing certain privileges. The U.S. has not said how it will react, but it provides hundreds of millions of dollars in aid to the Palestinians.

In a statement, Netanyahu said Israel will protect its troops from prosecution, calling the country's army "the most moral" in the world. He warned that Abbas' Palestinian Authority is "the one who needs to fear the International Criminal Court."

The court would be able to prosecute only crimes committed from here on in, not past offenses, said Robbie Sabel, an international law expert at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Sabel agreed the Palestinians themselves could be at risk of prosecution.

"On the other side of the coin — and this is why the Palestinians have hesitated up until now — is that any Palestinian who commits a war crime anywhere in the world and has not been tried by a Palestinian court could also be subject to the jurisdiction of the court," he said. "So it works both ways."

The Palestinian U.N. ambassador, Riyad Mansour, has said repeatedly that the Palestinians are not afraid of that possibility.

Balkees Jarrah, international justice counsel at Human Rights Watch, called the Palestinian move to join the court "an overdue but welcome step toward impartial justice for serious crimes by Israelis and Palestinians alike. This move by Ramallah sends a strong message that the days of near total impunity that have characterized this conflict could be ending."

The Palestinians seek the West Bank, Gaza Strip and east Jerusalem — areas captured by Israel in 1967. Netanyahu, who is seeking re-election in March, has said Palestinian independence can be achieved only through negotiations.

Turning to the court became an option for Abbas in 2012 after the United Nations recognized "Palestine" as a non-member observer state.

Abbas made his announcement as the long-dominant Fatah party marked its 50th anniversary.

Yasser Arafat founded Fatah in 1965 with the goal of destroying Israel. The party rose to prominence in the 1970s and '80s with a series of hijackings and other attacks. Over time, Fatah moderated and accepted Israel's right to exist, while seeking a Palestinian state. Arafat died in 2004.

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http://news.yahoo.com/palestinians-plan-next-steps-failed-un-bid-072717447.html