India’s rapidly evolving technology landscape has reached a significant milestone with the introduction and enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act in 2023. This crucial legislation, which complements the Digital India Bill and the draft Indian Telecommunication Bill, focuses on governing personal data in an era of digital transformation.

The rapid progress of the DPDP Act was highlighted during the inaugural Digital India Dialogues session on September 20, 2023, where key industry stakeholders, including representatives from major companies like Meta, Netflix, Dell, Paytm, Microsoft, and Lenovo, gathered to discuss its implementation. The Union Minister for Electronics and Information Technology, Rajeev Chandrasekhar, announced that the rules essential for DPDP Act compliance would be released within the next 30 days, open for public consultation. He stressed the importance of all Data Fiduciaries adhering to the compliance requirements outlined in the DPDP Act.

The DPDP Act introduces several mandatory compliance requirements, emphasizing the delegation of these requirements through upcoming DPDP Rules. Here, we examine key compliance prerequisites for organizations under the DPDP Act and forthcoming DPDP Rules:

Consent Requirements: Section 6 of the DPDP Act mandates the appointment of a Consent Manager to manage, review, and withdraw consent on behalf of Data Principals. Organizations must ensure that their Consent Managers are registered with the Data Protection Board, adhering to the rules prescribed by the central government. Technical, operational, financial, and other conditions related to this registration will also be specified in the DPDP Rules.

Data Breach Incident Compliance: Section 8 of the DPDP Act requires Data Fiduciaries to promptly inform Data Principals and the Data Protection Board in the event of a data breach. Entities must adhere to the form and manner prescribed by the Central Government for notifying the Data Protection Board and Data Principals about data breach incidents.

Contact Details of Data Protection Officer: According to Section 8(9) of the DPDP Act, Data Fiduciaries are obligated to publish the contact details of the Data Protection Officer or any other person responsible for handling queries from Data Fiduciaries regarding data processing. The manner and modes of publishing this information will be determined by the forthcoming DPDP Rules.

[b]Processing of Personal Data of Children: [/b]Section 9 of the act necessitates obtaining consent from parents or legal guardians before processing children’s data. The DPDP Rules will specify how verifiable consent is to be obtained, and certain Data Fiduciaries may be exempted based on these rules.

[b]Data Protection Impact Assessment: [/b]Section 10 of the DPDP Act mandates that Significant Data Fiduciaries conduct a Data Protection Impact Assessment and periodic audits. The DPDP Rules will outline the methods, manner, and description of the DPIA, audit procedures, and other relevant matters.

[b]Data Principal Rights: [/b]The DPDP Rules will provide guidance on how Data Principals should exercise their rights concerning the processing of personal data. This will include the process for Data Principals to make requests, how Data Fiduciaries or Consent Managers should respond, and the timeframe for responding to such requests.

[b]Data Protection Board: [/b]The DPDP Rules will detail the establishment and functioning of the Data Protection Board, including the appointment of a chairperson and other members, as well as their salaries. The procedures, orders, directions, and instruments of the board will also be specified in accordance with the forthcoming rules.

Penalty for Noncompliance: [/b]According to Section 33(1), the Data Protection Board may impose monetary penalties for noncompliance or breaches of the DPDP Act. The penalties will vary based on the nature and gravity of the breach, its duration, repetitiveness, mitigating actions taken, and timeliness and effectiveness of post-breach actions. Penalties will range from 50 crores INR to 250 crores INR.

In conclusion, the DPDP Act and its associated rules aim to ensure trust and security among India’s digital citizens by fostering a culture of behavioral change among entities handling personal data. This transformation necessitates expert guidance and compliance management.

[b]How Tsaaro Consulting Can Help:
Tsaaro Consulting, a pioneer in security and privacy compliance in India, boasts a team of experienced professionals with expertise in technical and legal aspects of compliance. Tsaaro Consulting is well-equipped to assist business entities in navigating the complexities of compliance with the Digital Personal Data Protection Act and other data privacy and cybersecurity regulations. To learn more about Tsaaro Consulting, visit our website at www.tsaaro.com.

By staying informed and seeking expert assistance, organizations can ensure smooth compliance with the DPDP Act and safeguard the privacy and security of personal data in India’s evolving digital landscape.

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Understanding Incident Response Planning
A proactive approach to reducing the impact of security incidents, including data breaches, revolves around incident response planning. This methodical approach aims to prevent future incidents, identify, respond to, and recover from security issues while safeguarding an organization’s operations and reputation. When crafting an efficient incident response strategy, it’s crucial to consider regulatory standards, industry best practices, and the unique requirements of the organization.

Creating an Incident Response Team
Building an incident response team is a pivotal step in the planning process. This team plays a critical role in managing and coordinating response activities. It typically comprises members from various departments, including IT, legal, communications, and personnel, each with well-defined roles and responsibilities to ensure effective collaboration during emergencies.

Making an Incident Response Plan
Developing a comprehensive incident response plan requires a systematic approach, including:

Risk Assessment: Conduct a thorough risk assessment to identify potential threats and prioritize the organization’s critical assets. This evaluation helps determine the level of preparedness needed and guides resource allocation.

Incident Classification: Create a precise classification scheme to categorise security incidents based on their severity and significance. This categorization aids in determining the appropriate course of action for each situation.

Incident Detection and Reporting: Implement robust monitoring systems to quickly identify security events. Establish clear reporting routes and procedures to ensure swift identification and processing by the incident response team.

Event Response Protocols: Define step-by-step response protocols, covering containment, eradication, and recovery. These protocols should address technical, legal, and communication aspects and should be regularly reviewed and updated to address evolving threats.

External Relationships: Forge connections with external entities, including attorneys, law enforcement agencies, and cybersecurity professionals. These relationships ensure quick access to expertise and resources in the event of an emergency.

Message Conveyance Blueprint: Develop a comprehensive communication strategy that outlines how internal and external stakeholders will be informed about the incident’s status. This strategy should protect the organization’s reputation and encompass both technical aspects of incident communication and public relations and crisis management tactics.

Testing and Validation

Extensive testing and validation are critical to assessing the effectiveness of an incident response plan. Regular testing and exercises allow the team to practice their roles and responsibilities in a controlled environment, identifying potential gaps or weaknesses in the plan. Techniques like penetration testing, simulations, and tabletop drills can be instrumental in gauging the plan’s success and enhancing preparedness.

Conducting a Post-Event Analysis

After an incident is resolved, it is essential to conduct a post-event analysis. This continuous improvement process involves evaluating the efficiency of the incident response plan, identifying its shortcomings, and making necessary adjustments. Continuous development ensures that the incident response plan remains current and effective against emerging threats.

The Incident Response Planning of the Future
Incident response strategies must evolve with changing trends and challenges as technology advances. Consider the following areas for future incident response planning:

Adopting Emerging Technologies: Stay updated on evolving technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and automation, as they can revolutionize incident response. AI and ML can enhance threat intelligence by analyzing vast datasets for early breach detection, while automation can expedite response procedures.

Cloud Security: With the increasing adoption of cloud computing, organizations must prioritize cloud security in their incident response plans. Understand the shared responsibility model and collaborate effectively with cloud service providers. Develop incident response policies tailored to cloud environments.

Compliance with Regulatory Changes: International data protection laws are constantly evolving. Stay informed about the regulatory landscape and ensure that your incident response plan complies with relevant laws, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or industry-specific standards. Adapt your strategy to align with regulatory updates.

Continuous Review and Adaptation: Incident response planning should be an ongoing activity. Regularly review and update your incident response strategy to account for emerging threats, technological advancements, and organisational changes. Learn from security events or breaches and adjust security controls and preventive measures accordingly.

Conclusion
In today’s data-driven environment, organisations must be prepared to respond swiftly and effectively to security incidents, especially data breaches. A well-crafted incident response plan is a vital tool for minimising the impact of such incidents and safeguarding an organisation’s operations and reputation. By adhering to the essential elements outlined in this guide, businesses can create effective incident response plans and enhance their cybersecurity posture.

Stay informed with Tsaaro to stay updated on the latest developments in privacy compliance across multiple jurisdictions. Gain a deeper understanding of laws and regulations and make informed choices to mitigate privacy risks in your organisation. Your data security is a top priority, and a robust incident response plan is a critical component of safeguarding your business from the ever-present threat of data breaches.
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In our technology-driven world, where data serves as the lifeblood of organisations, effective data handling is imperative for seamless operations. Managing vast volumes of data and safeguarding it from emerging threats has become a critical challenge for organisations. In this blog, we delve into potential threats to data security and management and explore strategies to future-proof organisations against these challenges.

Data Security: Safeguarding the Digital Fortress
Data security is a comprehensive approach aimed at protecting digital information throughout its lifecycle. It encompasses the synergy of software, hardware, user devices, access mechanisms, and organisational policies. A robust data security system not only reduces vulnerability to breaches but also ensures legal compliance, upholding the organisation’s reputation and user trust.

The Essence of Data Management
As the volume of data handled by companies continues to escalate, the importance of data management cannot be overstated. This encompasses a spectrum of activities, from the seamless handling of data to its secure storage and everything in between. The principles of data practice are integral to this process:

Preparation: Successful data management begins with thorough preparation. This involves having robust systems in place for collecting, organising, and categorising data. Companies need to anticipate their data needs and structure their systems accordingly.
Privacy: With privacy being a focal point in today’s digital landscape, data management must prioritise safeguarding sensitive information. This includes implementing encryption, access controls, and other measures to protect data from unauthorised access.
Provenance: Understanding the origin and lineage of data is crucial. Companies need to trace the source of their data, ensuring its reliability and accuracy. This principle is especially vital in maintaining the integrity of the data being managed.
Protection: The protection of data is paramount. This involves not only safeguarding it from external threats but also ensuring resilience against internal risks. Robust cybersecurity measures, regular audits, and employee training contribute to the protection of valuable data assets.
Future Risks: Navigating the Digital Minefield
The digitalization of the economy has led to an unprecedented surge in cyber threats and data breaches. Organisations face not only an increase in traditional attacks but also heightened sophistication in digital threat actors. Emerging risks include attacks on digital supply chains, identity threat detection, and capitalising on human errors in data security management.

Conclusion: Building Trust in the Digital Era
As data governance becomes crucial in a data-driven economy, organisations must formulate policies that secure data while meeting market demands. By implementing these strategies, companies not only comply with legal requirements but also fortify themselves against emerging digital threats. Protecting user data fosters trust and respect, strengthening the bond between clients and companies. Stay informed about emerging threats and strategies by connecting with Tsaaro, ensuring a resilient and secure digital future.

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Introduction:

The California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) came into effect on January 1, 2023, marking a significant shift in data privacy legislation. With full enforcement scheduled for July 1, 2023, businesses must understand the implications of this new law on their websites and operations. In this blog post, we dissect the key elements of the CPRA, shedding light on its implications and the necessary steps for compliance.

Compliance with Tsaaro:

Tsaaro Consulting is already ahead in ensuring compliance with California’s data privacy laws. As we transition into the CPRA era, Tsaaro continues to offer robust solutions to navigate the evolving landscape, aligning seamlessly with the state’s stringent regulations.

California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA): A Quick Overview

The CPRA, passed into law on November 3, 2020, serves as an extension of the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which took effect on January 1, 2020. Positioned as a data privacy frontier, California significantly bolsters residents’ rights and introduces stricter regulations on the use of personal information (PI). Notable changes include the establishment of the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) for statewide data privacy enforcement.

Key Changes Introduced by CPRA:

Creation of Sensitive Personal Information (SPI): The CPRA introduces a new category, SPI, encompassing data on race, religious beliefs, genetic information, and more. SPI is regulated separately, granting users expanded control over its use.

Updated Definitions and Scope: The CPRA modifies the definition of business, excluding smaller entities and including those with substantial revenue generated from the collection, sharing, or selling of Californians’ PI.

New and Modified Rights: California residents gain four new rights, including the right to correction and the right to limit the use of SPI. Existing rights, such as the right to delete and opt-out, are also modified to enhance user control.

Regulation of Behavioural Advertising: The CPRA specifically regulates cross-contextual behavioural advertising, allowing users to opt-out of targeted ads based on their behavioural data.

Introduction of the CPPA: The creation of the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) marks a significant shift in enforcement responsibilities from the Office of the Attorney General. The CPPA has the authority to investigate and fine violations, ensuring strict adherence to the CPRA.

GDPR-Like Provisions: The CPRA introduces GDPR-like requirements, emphasising data minimization, purpose limitation, and storage limitation. Businesses are now mandated to collect, use, and share data strictly according to the purpose of collection.

Timeline for CPRA Compliance:

January 1, 2021: CPRA is passed into law, and the CPPA is created.

July 1, 2021: launch of the procedure for creating and approving CPRA regulations.

January 1, 2022: In accordance with the CPRA’s one-year lookback period, PI collection becomes liable.

July 1, 2022: The CPPA’s deadline for approving the CPRA’s final regulations.

January 1, 2023: The CPRA goes into effect fully.

July 1, 2023: Under the CPPA, the CPRA is first enforced.

CCPA vs. CPRA: A Unified Data Privacy Regime

It’s crucial to understand that California operates under one overarching data privacy regime. The CPRA serves as a comprehensive amendment to the CCPA, refining and reinforcing the existing framework. While the CCPA laid the foundation, the CPRA renovates it, addressing ambiguities and introducing additional regulations.

Conclusion:

As businesses navigate the complex terrain of California’s data privacy laws, compliance with the CPRA is not just a legal necessity but a commitment to user rights and ethical data practices. With Tsaaro leading the way in compliance solutions, businesses can confidently embrace the CPRA era, ensuring the protection of user data and upholding the highest standards of privacy.

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In an era dominated by virtual connections, the digital footprint left behind during online activities becomes a public trail, vulnerable to tracking and identification. The imperative of maintaining a high degree of anonymity arises due to the constant threat posed by cybercriminals seeking opportunities to exploit vulnerabilities.
Consumers are increasingly concerned about how corporations manage and protect their data as the world continues its digital transformation. The need to handle sensitive information, such as names, addresses, and financial details, with care is paramount. Introducing programs for data privacy not only limits access but also empowers users with more control over the information they share, fostering a sense of security.
What is a Privacy Program?
A privacy program serves as a framework to characterise and fortify vital information within online applications. Successfully implementing such a program prevents the violation of user interests and restricts the occurrence of data breaches. To establish an effective privacy program, organisations must delve into data protection principles and adapt them to their specific context. This foundational understanding enables the adoption of policies and protocols aligned with the organisation's goals.
Potential Pitfalls: What Happens When Privacy Programs Fail?
1. Legal and Financial Liabilities
Inadequate privacy programs expose organisations to two significant risks: legal and financial liabilities. The cost implications of a data breach are substantial, with companies spending over $4 million per incident in 2021. While achieving legal compliance is a primary goal, the financial dangers associated with non-compliance, including legal costs and punitive measures, underscore the need for organisations to document and comply with relevant standards.
2. Reputational Injury
The incompetence of privacy programs can inflict reputational damage. The speed and efficacy of a team's response to a crisis significantly impact public perception. Failure to respond appropriately may convey a lack of concern for customers' interests, tarnishing the organisation's reputation. Protecting against reputational harm necessitates a deep understanding of compliance obligations.
3. An Inaccurate Perception of Security
A false sense of security is another risk associated with poorly managed privacy programs. Even experienced privacy experts may struggle to assess the current state accurately. Seeking the input of seasoned professionals can offer a fresh perspective and ensure a comprehensive understanding of the privacy program's health.
The Challenge of Data Privacy Compliance
Data privacy compliance may seem daunting, especially for those unfamiliar with the efforts involved. Organisations risk making human errors without the aid of privacy automation methods. Administering programs alone, even for seasoned professionals, can become challenging. Keeping a comprehensive program compatible across diverse domains requires considerable effort.
The Role of Technology and Automation
The sheer volume of data being gathered and exchanged makes it impractical to track different data flows manually. Automation becomes indispensable in understanding the types of data, their categorization, regulatory standards, sources, and accessibility. Automating these processes reduces the risk of human error and oversight due to overstretched staff.
Conclusion: Safeguarding Your Organization’s Data
While the complexities of data privacy compliance may be intimidating, understanding the guidelines and incorporating them into your organisation's behaviour is crucial. As these practices become ingrained, they act as a shield against common scam tactics. For a comprehensive audit of your consent practices, consider Tsaaro Solutions' Regulatory Compliance Service. Schedule a call with our privacy experts at info@tsaaro.com, taking the first step towards securing your organisation’s data.
In the evolving landscape of cybersecurity, the commitment to robust data privacy practices is not just a legal necessity but a fundamental aspect of maintaining trust in the digital realm.
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The California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) has achieved a significant milestone with the approval of its inaugural set of regulations by California’s Office of Administrative Law (OAL) on March 29, 2023. These regulations are poised to bring clarity to various novel concepts introduced under the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), a landmark legislation passed as Proposition 24 during the 2020 election. As these regulations go into immediate effect, they usher in a new era of data protection and privacy rights for California consumers.

Notable Changes Introduced

Changes to Personal Data Collection and Use

Under the CPRA, stringent limitations have been imposed on the collection and utilisation of personal information. In alignment with the principle of data minimization, the collection and processing of personal data must adhere to two key criteria:

The purposes for which the personal information was initially collected or processed, in line with consumers’ reasonable expectations.

Another disclosed purpose compatible with the context in which the data was originally collected.

Should a company fail to meet both requirements, they must seek the consumer’s explicit consent before collecting or using personal data for additional, undisclosed purposes. The regulations offer specific guidance on evaluating whether the purposes align with consumers’ reasonable expectations. Factors such as the business’s relationship with its customers, the type and amount of personal information collected, and the methods used for collection must be considered. Additionally, the compatibility test hinges on whether the disclosed purpose aligns with the context of the initial data collection.

The regulations also mandate that companies collect and manage the minimum amount of personal data necessary for their processing purposes. Furthermore, companies are encouraged to implement additional measures, such as encryption or automatic erasure, to address identified consumer risks.

Keeping Consumers Informed

The regulations require companies to provide clear, concise, and easily understandable consumer disclosures and communications. Technical or legal jargon that might confuse consumers is prohibited. The rules also define “Dark Patterns,” wording or interactive features that can deceive customers, and explicitly forbid their use. An interface is classified as a dark pattern if it undermines a user’s decision-making capabilities. Adhering to these guidelines presents a challenge given the extensive and intricate nature of disclosures.

Regarding disclosure requirements and privacy policies, the regulations outline the information that must be included in a privacy policy. This includes comprehensive explanations of the business’s information practices, categories of collected information, information sources, specific collection purposes, and the business’s awareness of individuals whose data is collected. Privacy policies must also provide a breakdown of consumer rights under California privacy laws, instructions on how to exercise these rights, and the date of the latest privacy statement update.

Notification at the point of collection must specify the types of personal information being collected, including sensitive data, the purposes for data usage, and whether the data will be sold or shared. A notable change is that directing users to the entire privacy policy and asking them to search for data collection information is no longer sufficient.

Opt-Out and Use Limitation Rights

The CPRA introduces the right for consumers to request that companies restrict the use and disclosure of their sensitive personal information. Companies must notify customers of this new right and include a “clear and visible” link on their website that reads, “Limit the Use of My Sensitive Personal Information.” However, certain exemptions exist for providing this notice or link.

Additionally, the CPRA Regulations allow for a single Alternative Opt-out Link to replace the separate “Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information” and “Limit the Use of My Sensitive Personal Information” links, simplifying the process for consumers to exercise their opt-out and limitation rights. Any opt-out requests received by a company must be honored as valid.

Rules Concerning Service Providers and Third Parties

To comply with the CORA’s right to delete personal data, businesses must delete personal data collected by their service providers and inform third parties to do the same, unless this is deemed impossible or excessively burdensome. Businesses are urged to review their contracts with service providers to ensure compliance with the new regulations, assess consumer communications and privacy policies, and specify exceptions in their privacy policies if sensitive personal data falls under them.

Conclusion

The California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) ushers in a new era of privacy regulation in the United States, bringing about significant changes compared to the previous California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). It introduces novel consumer rights, strengthens privacy enforcement mechanisms, and places new obligations on businesses to ensure compliance with the CPRA.

As businesses navigate these complex regulatory changes, seeking guidance from privacy experts becomes essential. Tsaaro Solutions, with its team of skilled privacy professionals, can assist in compliance with privacy laws and regulations, helping organisations protect their sensitive data and uphold consumer privacy rights.

In a world where data privacy is of paramount importance, adhering to the CORA’s regulations is not just a legal requirement but a crucial step towards building trust and safeguarding data in the digital age. Schedule a consultation with our privacy experts at Tsaaro Solutions today and take the first step toward securing your organisation’s data.

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In today's digitally connected world, the importance of safeguarding personal data and respecting consumer privacy rights has never been more critical. As consumers become increasingly aware of data privacy concerns, organisations are under growing pressure to adopt ethical privacy frameworks and practices. To address this need, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is set to introduce ISO 31700, a groundbreaking standard for Privacy by Design. This standard, which is scheduled to take effect on February 8th, 2023, represents a significant milestone in the world of data privacy.

The Genesis of ISO 31700
ISO 31700 finds its roots in "Privacy by Design," a seminal work authored by Ann Cavoukian in 2009. This work laid the foundation for the development of ISO 31700, officially titled "Consumer protection – Privacy by design for consumer goods and services." Cavoukian's original seven Privacy by Design principles aimed to enable companies to utilise customer's personal information for economic gain while ensuring data protection throughout its lifecycle. ISO 31700 expands upon these principles, offering a comprehensive 30-step framework to assist enterprises in integrating data privacy considerations into their operational procedures.

GDPR and Privacy by Design
Privacy by Design aligns with regulatory requirements, such as Article 25 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which mandates that data controllers implement privacy by design principles. Non-compliance with GDPR can lead to substantial fines, as exemplified by the €265 million penalty levied against Meta, the parent company of Facebook, in late 2022. This penalty marked the first instance of a company being fined explicitly for violating Privacy by Design principles.

ISO 31700 is set to provide valuable guidance to organisations in meeting their data privacy obligations. It encompasses recommendations for conducting privacy risk assessments, defining and documenting privacy control requirements, designing privacy controls, managing data throughout its lifecycle, and mitigating data breaches.

Understanding ISO 31700
ISO 31700 is a pioneering international standard for data privacy, offering a crucial framework for managing information security and data privacy in today's digital landscape. It sets stringent criteria for incorporating privacy considerations into consumer products, ensuring the protection of personal data during their use.

One of the standout features of ISO 31700 is its adaptability. These guidelines can be applied to organisations of all types, tailored to their specific needs. It provides recommendations for addressing privacy threats and establishing the necessary organisational structures to effectively manage these challenges.

Key Requirements of ISO 31700
The final ISO 31700 standard comprises 30 guidelines, encompassing general advice on building tools that empower users to exercise their privacy rights, assigning relevant roles and responsibilities, and providing users with transparent privacy information. Additionally, it introduces the concept of privacy by design to safeguard privacy throughout the lifecycle of consumer products, including domestic data processing initiated by consumers.

Privacy by Design Principles
Ann Cavoukian's original vision for Privacy by Design, first introduced in the late 1990s, sought to ensure that privacy considerations were an integral part of product and technology development from the outset, rather than being an afterthought. The framework revolves around three guiding principles:

1. Empowerment and Transparency
Emphasises the need for businesses to be transparent and accountable in designing and operating software systems that handle personal information.
Encourages transparent privacy claims, cybersecurity privacy assessments, and clear communication of privacy considerations to consumers.
2. Institutionalization and Accountability
Focuses on incorporating privacy principles throughout the product's lifecycle, considering consumer behaviour and privacy preferences.
Standardised and systematic judgments regarding consumer privacy demands, making them a functional requirement alongside other stakeholders' interests.
3. Ecosystem and Lifecycle
Promotes consumer protection and privacy by considering all relevant aspects, both within and outside the organisation's control.
Applicable to all products and services involving personal information, regardless of their nature or the organisation's size.
ISO 31700: Empowering Consumer Privacy
In a world where consumers are increasingly vigilant about data privacy, ISO 31700 emerges as a critical tool for organisations. It empowers consumers to exercise their privacy rights and enables organisations to better manage data throughout its lifecycle. This standard is particularly valuable for companies that process personal data and must adhere to privacy regulations such as GDPR, which mandates routine risk assessments.

Tsaaro, a leading data privacy solutions provider, can assist businesses in complying with ISO 31700 and other relevant data privacy regulations. Their state-of-the-art, data-driven compliance solutions help secure sensitive data, implement privacy by design principles, support privacy frameworks, and achieve compliance at scale.

In conclusion, ISO 31700 represents a significant leap forward in the realm of data privacy. By incorporating these standards into their practices, businesses can not only avoid non-compliance fines but also protect themselves from costly data breaches and reputational damage. To learn more about how Tsaaro can assist your organisation in meeting ISO 31700 regulations and safeguarding sensitive information, schedule a demo or contact us at info@tsaaro.com. In today's data-centric world, protecting consumer privacy is not just a legal requirement; it's a fundamental aspect of building trust and success in the digital age.
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The Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), enacted by the United States Congress in 2002 and revised in 2014 as the Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA2014), plays a pivotal role in safeguarding federal information and enhancing the security of electronic government processes. In this blog post, we will delve into the essential aspects of FISMA, including its requirements, benefits, penalties, and best practices.

Requirements for FISMA

FISMA places stringent requirements on government agencies, vendors, partners, and contractors to ensure the proper management, distribution, and protection of confidential information. To gain a comprehensive understanding of FISMA's requirements, consider the following six key points:

Information System Inventory: All federal agencies and government contractors must maintain a detailed inventory of the information systems they utilise. This inventory helps organisations understand the interplay between information systems and other components within their operations.

Risk Categorization: FISMA mandates that organisations categorise information and information systems appropriately. This ensures that critical information and systems receive the highest level of security protection, aligning with their importance.

System Security Plan: FISMA requires agencies to develop and maintain security plans that are regularly updated. These plans encompass security policies, the implementation of security controls within the organisation, and a roadmap for future security enhancements.

Security Controls: Organisations are obliged to implement security controls that are relevant to their specific operations and systems. Once these controls are selected and integrated to meet system requirements, they must be documented in the security system plan.

Risk Assessments: An integral component of FISMA's information security requirements is risk assessments. These assessments help identify security risks at the organisational, professional, and information system levels.

Certification and Accreditation (C&A): FISMA mandates that program officials and agency heads conduct an annual security review to maintain risks at an acceptable level. Achieving FISMA C&A involves a four-step process, including initiation, detailed planning, certification, accreditation, and ongoing monitoring.

Benefits of FISMA

FISMA compliance offers a range of benefits, primarily focused on enhancing security and safeguarding federal information:

National Security Protection: FISMA plays a vital role in protecting national security interests by strengthening information security measures across federal agencies.

Regular Monitoring: FISMA's compliance requirements include regular monitoring, ensuring that agencies stay current with evolving security threats and vulnerabilities.

Timely Threat Mitigation: FISMA aids in the timely identification and mitigation of security threats, reducing the risk of data breaches and other security incidents.

Private Sector Opportunities: Private firms conducting business with federal agencies can also benefit from FISMA compliance, as it enhances their credibility and opens doors to federal contracts.

Penalties of FISMA

Failure to adhere to FISMA compliance can result in severe penalties, including:

Decreased Federal Funding: Non-compliant organisations may face a reduction in federal funding, affecting their financial stability.

Reputation Damage: Failing to meet FISMA requirements can damage an organisation's reputation, eroding trust with clients, partners, and the public.

Government Hearings: Non-compliance may lead to government hearings, where organisations must justify their actions and efforts toward FISMA compliance.

Congressional Censure: The Congress may censure organisations that repeatedly fail to meet FISMA requirements, further tarnishing their reputation.

Loss of Future Contracts: Non-compliance may result in the loss of promising contracts with federal agencies, limiting business opportunities.

Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities: Organisations that do not adhere to FISMA compliance may be more susceptible to cybersecurity threats due to inadequate security infrastructure.

Best Practices of FISMA

Achieving FISMA compliance can be straightforward by following these best practices:

Organise Information: Prioritise security controls for the most sensitive information or data, allowing for focused security efforts.

Data Encryption: Implement data encryption to reduce the incidence of data breaches and protect sensitive information.

Document Compliance Efforts: Maintain comprehensive documentation of your organisation's efforts to meet FISMA compliance requirements.

Stay Updated: Continuously monitor and stay updated with FISMA standards and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) guidelines to ensure ongoing compliance.

In conclusion, FISMA and its revised iteration, FISMA2014, are crucial in maintaining the security of federal information and electronic government processes. By understanding the requirements, embracing the benefits, avoiding penalties, and following best practices, organisations can navigate the FISMA compliance landscape effectively, bolstering their cybersecurity posture and contributing to the protection of national interests.

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Introduction

The dawn of the digital age has witnessed an exponential rise in the significance of social media platforms, which have evolved into powerful hubs for information dissemination. Yet, this evolution hasn’t come without its fair share of privacy concerns. As these platforms capitalise on the exploitation of user data, there’s a growing need for regulations to ensure users’ data is safeguarded. This blog aims to shed light on the privacy policies of two social media giants: Meta’s Threads and Twitter, highlighting the nuances and concerns surrounding user data privacy.

Social Media Privacy in the Digital Era

In the contemporary digital landscape, safeguarding user data privacy is paramount. It involves protecting sensitive and personal data that social media platforms collect, store, and process. This data can be voluntarily shared by users or gathered surreptitiously through trackers and cookies. However, privacy on social media is no longer guaranteed, given the increasing consolidation of the largest platforms, leaving users with limited alternatives and more data under the control of a single corporate entity.

Twitter’s Privacy Policy

Before delving into Threads, let’s understand what Twitter’s data practices entail. Twitter collects and stores a plethora of user information, including purchase history, browsing history linked to user accounts, and ten publicly disclosed data points like precise location, email address, web history, and device ID. Users might understandably be concerned about such extensive data harvesting.

Twitter’s data collection extends to user interactions, device details, and targeted advertising. Concerns arise over the volume of data collected, its use in targeted advertising, sharing with partners and third-party developers, data breaches, and location monitoring. Addressing these privacy concerns is essential to maintain user trust in the digital age.

Threads & Privacy Concerns

Meta’s Threads has faced scrutiny, particularly in Europe, where stringent privacy laws apply. This scrutiny stems from concerns about Meta’s data handling practices and its attempts to navigate the regulatory landscape. Notably, the European Court of Justice ruled against Facebook’s use of user data for advertising, casting doubt on Meta’s targeted ad strategy. Examining Threads’ privacy policy reveals several concerning aspects:

Sensitive Personal Data: Threads collects sensitive information, including sexual orientation, ethnicity, biometric data, and more, potentially shared with “service providers” and “analytics partners,” often euphemisms for external advertising and marketing firms.

Employment Information: Third parties can access details about users’ employment, roles, history, and performance reviews.

Health and Fitness Data: Threads may gather information about users’ health, fitness, and exercise habits, which could be shared with external parties.

Online Behaviour: Threads tracks users’ browser history, interactions with web pages, and source information, potentially shared with third parties.

Location Data: Besides IP-based location information, Threads may share images, videos, or recordings of users’ surroundings with third parties.

Lack of Privacy by Design

Deleting a Threads account requires users to also delete their Instagram account, potentially influencing users’ decisions to delete their Threads accounts while keeping their Instagram profiles.

Securing Privacy on Threads

Users concerned about their privacy on Threads can take steps to protect their sensitive information:

Shorten the duration of search history storage in the Account Centre.

Manually clear searches to prevent their use in marketing initiatives.

Avoid synchronising contacts.

Opt out of optional cookies to reduce tracking.

Adjust ad settings to exclude “more relevant” advertising.

Disable Location Tracking for Instagram to prevent Threads from tracking users.

Conclusion

In an era dominated by social media, user data protection is non-negotiable. While users must demand privacy from social media giants, they should also implement best practices to safeguard their data. Threads, Meta’s challenger to Twitter, has raised concerns by introducing privacy issues that place user data at risk. To ensure the safety of personal information, individuals and organisations must stay proactive and engage with experts like Tsaaro, who offer solutions and best practices for data privacy. In a world where user data is increasingly valuable, safeguarding privacy is paramount.

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In today’s digital landscape, organisations routinely collect vast amounts of user data, often with the intention of providing value. However, there is a growing concern that this data is being used in ways that users have not consented to, raising serious data security issues. Users are becoming increasingly aware of the implications of their data being shared and used by organisations, and government officials are also questioning data usage practices. Yet, a significant portion of the population still underestimates the importance of safeguarding their data, despite its critical role in shaping online experiences.

To address these concerns, several data security laws like GDPR and CCPA have been enacted, providing an additional layer of protection. However, these regulations alone do not go far enough in ensuring user data protection. There is a pressing need for further steps to be taken to reshape the web and establish a more secure connection between organisations and user privacy. This transformation is often referred to as Web 3.0, marking a fundamental shift in the digital ecosystem where users can take ownership of and be fairly compensated for their data.

What is Web 3.0?

Web 3.0, also known as the decentralised web, represents the third iteration of the internet, building upon the existing Web 2.0. Under Web 2.0, the internet became more interactive, encouraging users to connect through social media platforms and websites, resulting in the generation of massive volumes of data and content.

However, this data and content are largely controlled by tech giants such as Amazon, Apple, Meta (formerly Facebook), Microsoft, and Google, creating privacy concerns. Users may feel they have lost control over their personal or financial information as they are required to accept extensive terms and conditions to use internet services provided by these organisations. Social media platforms have also faced scrutiny over their content moderation policies, raising questions about free speech.

Web 3.0 aims to address these issues by decentralising the internet, giving individuals more control over their data. It promises greater transparency and accessibility of content for all users while emphasising data security and privacy to counter internet hacking threats.

How Does Web 3.0 Ensure a Privacy-Driven Future for Users?

Blockchain Technology: Blockchain is a decentralised technology that ensures no single entity has complete control. It is a database that records transactions while ensuring security and transparency through algorithms.

Blockchain Governance: Blockchain structures ensure fairness and transparency among all participants, including those maintaining the network and the organisations building on top of it. Violations can result in penalties or collective decision-making.

Data Sharing Control: With proper blockchain implementation, users have more control over when, how, and for how long they share their data. Users also gain insight into how their data is used, including if it’s shared with third parties or used for targeted advertising.

Revocation of Data Sharing: Users can revoke data access if they are not comfortable with how their information is being used or no longer wish to share it.

Enhanced Security: Blockchain’s cryptographic and decentralised nature makes it challenging for hackers to breach, offering improved protection against data breaches.

Preparing for a Privacy-Driven Future

While widespread adoption of blockchain technology is still on the horizon, organisations can take steps to prepare for a privacy-focused future:

Transparency: Organisations should be transparent about how user data is used to build trust.

Value Exchange: Clearly communicate the value proposition to users when data is required, demonstrating the benefits they receive.

Privacy Policies: Review and update privacy policies to align with evolving privacy standards.

Openness to Innovation: Stay open to emerging technologies like blockchain that may shape the future of the internet and user privacy.

In conclusion, Web 3.0 is poised to revolutionise the internet by prioritising user privacy and data ownership. While challenges remain, including regulatory hurdles and technological adoption, the shift toward a decentralised web offers the promise of a more secure and user-centric digital experience. As we navigate this transition, it is essential for regulators, organisations, and consumers to reevaluate their approach to online privacy and security in the context of Web 3.0’s evolving landscape.

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In an era where data consumption continues to grow exponentially, concerns about how data is stored and managed have become a contentious issue. The rise of data localisation regulations aims to address these concerns, particularly regarding data privacy and security. Data localisation involves the practice of retaining data within the geographical region where it originates, offering both benefits and challenges for organisations and governments alike.

The Concept of Data Localisation

Data localisation is all about keeping data within the borders of the country where it is generated. For instance, if a company collects data in the UK, it stores that data within the UK instead of sending it elsewhere for processing. The primary goal of data localisation is to protect the sensitive financial and personal information of residents from international surveillance while allowing domestic governments and regulators to access this data when necessary.

Several countries, including India, have adopted data localisation regulations, even in the absence of comprehensive data privacy laws. For instance, Indian laws require organisations to store financial information, sensitive payment data, and insurance records within the country. These regulations help in safeguarding sensitive information and ensuring that it remains under the jurisdiction of the local authorities.

Challenges to Data Localisation

While data localisation regulations serve a crucial purpose, they pose challenges to organisations operating in multiple regions. Compliance with these regulations requires a significant shift in data management practices. Companies must adapt to varying rules and requirements regarding data storage, security, and processing in different jurisdictions. This necessitates hiring experts in various regions and investing time and resources in understanding local regulations, leading to increased compliance costs.

Another challenge pertains to data centres. Data centres play a pivotal role in managing and processing vast volumes of data for organisations. With data localisation laws in place, organisations can no longer rely on data centres located in other countries. This shift can lead to increased expenses and logistical complications.

Benefits of Data Localisation

Despite the challenges, data localisation offers several advantages. One of the most significant benefits is reduced network latency and enhanced speed. Data stored locally allows businesses to provide customers with a customised experience, innovate faster, and expand into new geographies more efficiently. Moreover, compliance with data localisation laws can enhance an organisation’s reputation, showcasing them as custodians of customer data and champions of data privacy.

Mapping the Path for Organizations

To navigate the complexities of data localisation efficiently, organisations should follow a structured approach:

Assessment: Understand the specific regulatory requirements in each region where you operate.

Market Analysis: Evaluate whether the market potential justifies establishing local IT and data infrastructure.

Target State: Define the ideal setup for regional IT and data operations, considering reliance on local suppliers or in-house expertise.

Planning and Budgeting: Collaborate with international and local teams to plan and budget for the transition.

Privacy and Security Measures: Implement privacy and security measures, such as tokenization and encryption, to protect sensitive data during migration.

Data Migration: Execute the data migration process and ensure the secure installation of local operations and infrastructure.

Conclusion

Data localisation regulations are emerging globally as authorities and citizens recognize the importance of data privacy and security. While complying with these regulations may seem challenging, it can ultimately benefit businesses by enhancing customer trust and transparency.

As the world continues to grapple with data privacy concerns, organisations must adapt to the evolving landscape of data localisation. Those with the flexibility and expertise to navigate these changes can gain a competitive edge while safeguarding sensitive information in an increasingly interconnected world.

In conclusion, data localisation is not merely a legal requirement but also an opportunity for businesses to demonstrate their commitment to data privacy and security in an age where data is often referred to as the “new gold.”

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The Education Technology (EdTech) industry in India has witnessed exponential growth in recent years. With an expanding interest in various educational frameworks, numerous new players have entered the scene. These EdTech organisations are seizing the opportunities and capitalising on the demand for customised educational products, including self-learning materials, interactive educational content, online classes, personalised tutoring, student engagement tools, and test preparation services. While online education and EdTech companies have made learning more engaging and accessible, there is a growing concern surrounding how user data is collected, stored, processed, utilised, and potentially monetized.

The Growing Value of EdTech

India’s EdTech industry is on an upward trajectory and is set to reach a staggering $3.2 billion by 2022. Private equity and investment funding in EdTech have surged, with approximately $1.5 billion in funding recorded as of September 2020, marking a fourfold increase from the previous year. EdTech has enabled scalability and rapid expansion by adopting a direct-to-device model, eliminating geographical barriers and providing students with access to high-quality education from top institutions. In this changing landscape, educators have transformed into facilitators and curators, managing educational experiences from afar.

A Vast Educational Landscape

India boasts one of the largest K-12 educational systems globally, with over 1.4 million schools catering to more than 250 million students. According to the Indian Brand Equity Foundation’s (IBEF) Indian Education Sector Industry Report from August 2020, India stands as the second-largest market for e-learning, trailing only behind the United States. However, it’s essential to note that India ranks 115th in education on the Legatum Prosperity Index 2020, where Singapore and the United States hold the top spots.

Data Privacy Concerns in EdTech

The concerns related to data privacy in the EdTech sector extend beyond the content and platforms themselves. Urgent attention is needed to address critical challenges such as data security, privacy, social, and ethical issues. EdTech companies’ privacy policies often place the burden of consent and responsibility on users, even though many users lack the knowledge and legal capacity to make informed decisions. This disruption in the education sector raises ethical and social concerns, including biased content delivery, undue influence on career choices, insufficient historical data for effective data modeling and AI, leading to inaccurate student profiling, increased unemployment among traditional educators, and limited upskilling and reskilling opportunities for teachers. Additionally, content standardization and control without regulatory approval pose significant risks.

Data Protection Bill Compliance

Section 16(2) of the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, stipulates that data handlers must verify the age of students and obtain parental consent before processing any personal data. It is the responsibility of EdTech companies to implement robust systems, structures, and protocols to proactively safeguard against cyberattacks, data breaches, and data infringements.

Effective Data Management in EdTech

To address these concerns effectively, there is a pressing need for education and awareness among end-users regarding the risks and challenges associated with app-based learning. Educational institutions and government education departments should conduct awareness campaigns, regular audits, and performance reviews of EdTech programs. Contact information for data protection and legal departments of EdTech firms should be readily available to end-users. Transparent processes and policies on data collection, storage, processing, analysis, and utilisation should be well-documented. Additionally, the appointment of nodal and complaint officers and rigorous content review and moderation are essential requirements. India currently lacks adequate regulatory bodies to address these concerns in the dynamic education sector, highlighting the urgent need for a clear regulatory framework to address ethical issues related to forced learning, data handling, content regulations, standards, and compliances.

The Way Forward

Given the delayed passage of data protection laws in India, the judiciary may need to step in and provide essential guidance to ensure that EdTech companies implement systems and procedures to address concerns and challenges adequately.

In conclusion, many countries are taking gradual steps toward data security and user data protection. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a prime example of a robust regulatory framework addressing citizens’ data privacy concerns. The pandemic has acted as a catalyst for change in education, with technology opening doors to enhanced learning experiences. However, it is crucial to explore how educational technology can navigate this new terrain while safeguarding students’ privacy. Moreover, we must await the passage of the Data Protection Bill to understand the additional compliance requirements it may impose on the EdTech sector. As the landscape of education continues to evolve, striking the right balance between innovation and data protection will be paramount for a brighter and more secure future of learning.

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In a concerning development, LinkedIn has fallen victim to an extensive data breach, resulting in the exposure of sensitive information belonging to more than 500 million users. This breach entails the unauthorised scraping of data from the platform, with the compromised dataset now up for sale on the dark web. The leaked information encompasses critical details such as email addresses, phone numbers, workplace particulars, full names, account IDs, links to associated social media profiles, and gender identification.

The data breach culprits have chosen to publicise their actions through an unknown user on a hacker forum. This individual has released a fraction of the breached data, comprising records from two million users, as evidence of the incident. The hacker responsible for this breach is demanding a significant sum, denominated in four digits in USD, as payment for the compromised information, suggesting that the transaction may involve cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. Alarmingly, this breach closely follows a comparable occurrence involving the exposure of scraped data from over 500 million Facebook users.

Implications and Potential Exploitation

The leaked data archive, ostensibly sourced from 500 million LinkedIn profiles, is being offered for sale on a popular hacker forum. An additional subset of two million records has been leaked as a demonstration of the breach’s authenticity. These leaked files contain a wealth of personal information about LinkedIn users, including but not limited to their complete names, email addresses, phone numbers, and workplace affiliations. While forum users can access the leaked samples for a nominal cost in forum credits, the primary hacker appears to be aiming for a substantial sum, likely in the form of Bitcoin, for the much larger dataset of 500 million users.

Anticipating the Impact

The repercussions of this data leak could be far-reaching and detrimental to LinkedIn users. Threat actors might exploit the leaked data in various ways, including:

Targeted Phishing: Cybercriminals could craft personalized phishing attacks using the exposed information to deceive users into sharing sensitive data.

Email and Phone Spam: With access to a large pool of email addresses and phone numbers, malicious entities might engage in widespread spam campaigns.

Credential Brute-Force: The leaked data could empower threat actors to launch brute-force attacks on LinkedIn and email accounts, potentially gaining unauthorized access.

It’s worth noting that the leaked files appear to lack particularly sensitive information like credit card details or legal documents. Nonetheless, even seemingly innocuous data can be exploited in the hands of skilled cybercriminals. By combining the leaked data with information from other breaches, attackers can craft convincing phishing attempts, social engineering tactics, and even identity theft schemes.

LinkedIn Under Investigation

Following the widespread dissemination of user data, Italy’s privacy regulatory authority initiated an investigation into the breach. Given the significant number of LinkedIn users in the country, the authority urged affected individuals to remain vigilant against anomalies related to their accounts and contact information.

Mitigation and Future Steps

In light of these developments, it is crucial for LinkedIn users to take immediate steps to safeguard their accounts and personal information:

Subscribe to breach notification services like “Have I Been Pwned” to receive alerts about potential compromises.

Exercise caution when dealing with unsolicited LinkedIn messages and connection requests from unknown individuals.

Update passwords for both LinkedIn and email accounts, ensuring they are strong and unique.

Consider utilizing a reputable password manager for enhanced security.

Activate two-factor authentication (2FA) across all online accounts.

Stay vigilant against phishing attempts via emails and text messages, refraining from interacting with suspicious content or unknown senders.

In Conclusion, to fortify your defenses against data breaches, consider employing trusted data protection and privacy services like Tsaaro. The incident involving LinkedIn underscores the urgency of safeguarding personal data in an increasingly digital landscape.

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Introduction:

The compromise of personal information including email addresses, full names, phone numbers, and credit/debit card details of more than 100 million Juspay users has been reported by a cyber researcher, who discovered that the stolen data was up for sale on the dark web just last week.

Juspay, a Bangalore-based startup, facilitates over 4 million transactions daily, amounting to Rs 1000 crore, across various e-commerce platforms like Amazon, Swiggy, Ola, and others. The cybersecurity researcher, Rajshekhar Rajaharia, uncovered the data breach in early January.

Acknowledging the breach, Juspay, an Indian online payment platform, disclosed that it had experienced a data breach involving customer information in August. The announcement followed a day after an independent security researcher disclosed that a darknet forum was hosting data of numerous Juspay customers for sale. The breach is thought to have originated from a reused Amazon Web Services access key, which provided unauthorized entry to the databases.

Scope:

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) lays down requirements aimed at ensuring the security of environments handling credit card data, including its processing, storage, and transmission.

The leaked data, which includes masked card data (non-sensitive data used for display), encompasses two crore records. Although the company asserts that its card vault, located in a distinct PCI compliant system, remained untouched. Through a series of multi-algorithmic hashing rounds coupled with a unique salt (an additional number attached to the card number), Juspay claims that their algorithms are presently impervious to reverse engineering, even given significant computational resources.

Magnitude of Impact:

The breach incident revealed by Juspay exposes nearly 100 million customer records from the platform available for purchase on the darknet.

The offered dataset comprises 55 million customer names and contact information, and 45 million transaction particulars, encompassing concealed credit and debit card data. This information is being marketed for $8,000, payable in bitcoin. The masked Juspay data on sale conceals the initial six digits of payment cards. Additionally, the listed data includes a hash of the complete 16-digit card number.

Notably, the breach did not compromise users' PIN numbers, Security numbers, or passwords.

Mitigation Approach:

Juspay responded promptly to the breach by terminating the compromised server and securing its entry and exit points. Immediate system audits were conducted to prevent similar incidents. Juspay informed its merchants about the cyberattack on the same day, collaborating with them to implement precautionary measures.

Mitigation steps undertaken include:

Deactivation of the attacked server and securing its access points.
Immediate system audit to prevent similar issues.
Renewal of API keys and invalidation of old ones.
Mandatory implementation of Two-Factor Authentication (2FA).
Transition away from AWS key-based automation.
Addition of threat-monitoring tools for enhanced security.
Primary Concern:

While breaches and subsequent data leaks have become increasingly common, the significant concern in this instance lies in the time gap between the breach occurrence and Juspay's public acknowledgement of the incident.

Conclusion:

To avert data breaches and safeguard sensitive information, it is essential to employ robust data protection and privacy services. One such solution is Tsaaro data protection and privacy services, which can play a pivotal role in preventing unauthorised access and ensuring the security of user data in the digital landscape.


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The UAE Personal Data Protection Law has marked a significant milestone in the nation’s journey towards bolstering digital privacy and safeguarding personal information. Announced on September 5, 2021, the law, officially known as the Federal Data Protection Law (UAE Data Law), has emerged as the UAE’s first comprehensive data privacy and protection legislation. This pioneering step is a vital component of the UAE’s Projects of the 50, an ambitious collection of economic and developmental initiatives aimed at celebrating the country’s 50th anniversary. The introduction of this law signifies the UAE’s commitment to fostering its growth, both economically and technologically, while ushering in a new era for data protection.

The development of the UAE Data Law was characterised by meticulous consultation with major technology companies. H.E. Omar Bin Sultan Al Olama, the Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence, emphasized the global perspective taken during the drafting process. By drawing inspiration from a range of international data protection laws, the UAE aspires to create a dynamic framework that facilitates cross-border data transfers and promotes low compliance costs for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs).

One of the paramount achievements of the UAE Personal Data Protection Law is its alignment with global data protection standards. It incorporates vital aspects, including the right to be forgotten, the right of access, the right of correction, and the right to be informed — principles that echo those established by the EU GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) and the data protection laws of Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) and Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM).

The UAE PDPL also emphasizes the importance of consent obligations, particularly in the context of data monetization by companies. By implementing minimal restrictions on cross-border data flows and avoiding explicit references to sensitive or restricted data, the law seeks to facilitate seamless international data exchanges.

Furthermore, the UAE Personal Data Protection Law ushers in the establishment of a new national data privacy regulator, providing an overarching authority to oversee data protection efforts in the country. This regulatory body will play a pivotal role in ensuring the effective implementation and enforcement of the data protection framework.

Key Provisions of the UAE Data Protection Law

The UAE Data Protection Law introduces several pivotal aspects to foster a robust data protection environment:

Appointment of Data Protection Officer (DPO): Organizations are required to appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO) who possesses the necessary expertise and knowledge in data protection.

Record of Processing Activities (RoPA): A “Record of Processing Activities” (RoPA) is mandatory, ensuring transparency and accountability in data processing.

Data Subject Rights: The law outlines comprehensive rights for individuals, including the right to access, rectify, correct, delete, restrict processing, request cessation of processing, data transfer, and object to automated processing.

Mandatory Data Breach Reporting: Organizations are obligated to report data breaches, enhancing transparency and swift action in case of security incidents.

Lawful Basis for Processing: The concept of “lawful basis for processing,” such as consent, is emphasized, necessitating explicit permission from data subjects before processing their data.

Privacy Notices: Entities are required to provide comprehensive “Privacy Notices” detailing data processing procedures to data subjects.

Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs): DPIAs are conducted for processing activities to assess potential risks to data subjects’ privacy.

Cross-Border Data Transfers: The law addresses the complex issue of cross-border data transfers, promoting responsible data sharing across international boundaries.

Impact and Implications

The UAE Data Protection Law underscores the UAE’s commitment to fostering a culture of data protection and privacy. By aligning with international standards, it not only enhances the protection of personal information but also positions the UAE as an attractive destination for international business operations. The law’s emphasis on cross-border data transfers facilitates seamless global collaboration, vital for a digitally connected world.

The introduction of the UAE Data Protection Law is a significant stride towards harmonizing data protection practices in the Middle East. Its adoption complements similar initiatives, such as the Saudi Data Protection Law (Saudi PDPL), highlighting the region’s collective commitment to securing digital interactions.

The enforcement of the UAE Data Protection Law may present challenges for businesses unfamiliar with comprehensive data protection frameworks. Compliance with obligations such as data subject rights and mandatory breach reporting could be particularly demanding for entities unaccustomed to such regulations.

While the UAE Data Law encompasses a range of provisions that mirror global data protection norms, its application within the UAE’s financial-free zones and specific sectors like health and banking data underscores the complexity of the data protection landscape in the country.

Conclusion

The UAE’s enactment of the Federal Data Protection Law marks a decisive stride towards establishing a robust data protection regime. By aligning with international standards, the law positions the UAE as a forward-thinking global player in data privacy and security. The UAE’s commitment to safeguarding personal data, promoting cross-border data flows, and nurturing compliance underscores a progressive approach to digital transformation.

As the UAE embarks on this transformative journey, the introduction of the UAE Data Protection Law is not just a legal milestone; it’s a pivotal step towards a more secure and privacy-conscious digital future. With the landscape of data protection continually evolving, the UAE’s efforts pave the way for responsible data governance, fostering trust and collaboration in a rapidly changing digital world.

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Describe a DPO.

The primary responsibility of the data protection officer (DPO) is to ensure that her business complies with all applicable data security regulations when handling the personal information of its employees, clients, suppliers, or other individuals (sometimes referred to as data subjects). Each must select a DPO in the EU foundations and organisations in accordance with the applicable Data Protection (Regulation (EU) 2018/1725). Several organisations in EU countries are required to appoint a DPO as on 25 May 2018 by Directive (EU) 2016/679.

The process for choosing a DPO.

Though intelligence and abilities must be taken into consideration when choosing a DPO, the ability to manage data should receive special attention. Additionally recommended is having a good understanding of how the firm operates.

As a crucial component of a company, the DPO is in a prime position to ensure that the enterprise performs consistently. It is important that the DPO has unrestricted authority. Numerous conformations that guarantee this freedom are present in EU institutions and organisations.

What are the salaries of data protection officers?

Data security officials typically earn USD 85,696 per year, according to ZipRecruiter, which also lists annual pay rates as high as $156,500.

According to the U.S. Agency of Labour Statistics (BLS), consistency officials — a specialty closely related to data security officials — earned a mean annual salary of $72,520 in 2018.

J.W. Michaels claims that salaries for in-house security law associates at a variety of Silicon Valley and Washington State companies showed pay at about USD 220,000 with up to 25% more pay coming in the form of value.

Data security officials (DPOs) can be designated as lawyers with particular GDPR knowledge. Each organisation that handles personal data is required by GDPR to have data protection officers.

However, the volume and breadth of data pertaining to the size of the organisation are negligible.

These DPOs are responsible for overseeing organisational strategy and implementation to ensure compliance with GDPR requirements.

What do DPOs make in various nations?

A data protection official’s (DPO) primary responsibility is to ensure that her organization’s procedures are

Europe: According to a group of GDPR experts, the average annual salary of a data protection official (DPO) in Europe is roughly €71,584.

US: in line with GDPR.Again in CASH, the annual pay for an Officer comparable to a DPO is about $150,000.

UK: According to UK’s talent.com, entry-level DPOs earn £28,000 year, but seasoned DPOs earn £74,489 annually.

India: Per Glassdoor, the average annual salary for a privacy officer or consultant in India ranges from 15 lac to 1 crore for senior positions.

Keep in mind that not just a privacy officer can handle the data and security of a board for a whole firm. Depending on the amount of data and the complexity of the cycles involved, junior employees must work in security and data protection roles. As a result, several roles at the section level are also being created.

Big4 counselling companies (EY, KPMG, Deloitte, and PwC) are currently investing a significant amount of resources in this effort.

However, there are some MSMEs and organisations that might not turn down a young lawyer or specialist provided they can demonstrate that they have the necessary experience and involvement in this line of work. There is a tonne of room for growth and opportunity in this area.

Young professionals have a fantastic opportunity to leave their mark and excel in this field.

Conclusion

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has created the position of Data Protection Officer (DPO), which is another position of power. The DPO is the cornerstone of accountability, a position that can function consistently, and the advantage for organisations.

DPOs also oversee the operationalization of the data security and data protection strategies through each authoritative unit and confirm that the organisation has consented to the processing of personal data. Your DPO should operate freely, with the support of the Board and upper administration, and should approach all necessary resources to perform the position in accordance with best practises.

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A Data Protection Officer (DPO) is an independent professional tasked with overseeing a company’s data protection strategy and ensuring compliance with data privacy laws.

An organization’s DPO is tasked with advising it on how to adhere to its legal obligations regarding data processing. A DPO is an impartial specialist in data protection.

According to Article 39 of the GDPR, the DPO’s duties should include:

Educating the business about its obligations under the GDPR and any pertinent EU or member state data protection laws, as well as the workers who do processing.

The GDPR and other pertinent EU or member state data protection laws are being followed.

Providing guidance on the company’s data protection policies, particularly how it assigns duties.

Educating and preparing employees who work on processing operations and related audits.

Providing guidance on DPIAs (data protection impact assessments) and keeping an eye on their progress.

Serving as the point of contact for the relevant supervisory authority on matters pertaining to data processing.

What qualifications and expertise are needed?

Article 37(5) states that DPOs should be chosen “on the basis of professional qualities and, in particular, expert knowledge of data protection law and practises and the ability to fulfil the tasks referred to in Article 39,” even though the GDPR does not specify the qualifications or experience that DPOs should possess.

In accordance with the definition in Recital 97, “The necessary level of expert knowledge should be determined in particular according to the data processing operations carried out and the protection required for the personal data processed by the controller or the processor.”

Therefore, understanding of the organization’s particular data protection requirements and processing activities, as well as its other legal or regulatory obligations, is crucial.

The DPO’s level of knowledge “must be commensurate with the sensitivity, complexity, and amount of data an organisation processes,” according to the EDPB-endorsed recommendations.

In other words, firms that process vast volumes of sensitive data or complicated personal data would need a DPO with more experience than organisations whose processing operations are more constrained.

How to Select a Data Protection Officer (DPO).

You must be aware of the qualities to search for before choosing a suitable DPO for your business. Recital 97 of the GDPR does offer certain guidance, notwithstanding the fact that it does not supply a particular list of credentials.

The crucial characteristics to watch out for when selecting a DPO for your business are listed below.

A DPO should be well-versed in all relevant data protection legislation, especially the GDPR. They have to have practical experience using these laws and be able to counsel your business on optimal procedures.

For a DPO, the capacity for independent work is essential. As a result, the DPO can only report to the top tier of management and cannot be disciplined for carrying out their duties.

To effectively explain data privacy issues and provide helpful advice to a company, a DPO must possess great communication skills.

Your DPO needs to be knowledgeable on the technical facets of data privacy, including data security systems, information technology, and cyber security.

With this information, a DPO can evaluate the efficiency of the current security measures in place at your firm and make a meaningful contribution to their development. Additionally, it enables them to offer their opinions on technological privacy concerns like data breaches, DPIAs, global data transfers, etc.

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Introduction:

In today’s data-driven world, organizations face increasing challenges in managing data protection and privacy. To ensure compliance with stringent regulations and safeguard sensitive information, many businesses are turning to outsourced Data Protection Officer (DPO) services. This article examines the key benefits of outsourcing DPO responsibilities and highlights how it can provide a strategic advantage for organizations.

Access to Expertise:

Outsourcing DPO services brings immediate access to professionals with specialized knowledge in data protection and privacy. These experts stay updated with evolving regulations, industry best practices, and emerging threats, ensuring that organizations remain compliant and well-informed in a rapidly changing landscape.

Cost Savings:

Hiring a full-time, in-house DPO can be a significant financial burden for many organizations, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises. Outsourcing DPO services eliminates the costs associated with recruitment, training, benefits, and ongoing professional development. It allows businesses to benefit from expert guidance at a fraction of the cost.

Flexibility and Scalability:

Outsourced DPO services provide flexibility to scale resources based on the organization’s needs. As businesses grow or face fluctuations in data protection requirements, outsourced providers can adjust their services accordingly, ensuring the right level of support without any unnecessary overhead or staffing concerns.

Independent and Objective Perspective:

An outsourced DPO brings an unbiased and independent viewpoint to the organization. Free from internal biases or conflicts of interest, they can objectively assess data protection practices, identify vulnerabilities, and make recommendations to improve processes, policies, and security measures.

Efficient Risk Management:

Effective data protection requires proactive risk management. Outsourced DPO services offer expertise in conducting comprehensive risk assessments, identifying potential vulnerabilities, and implementing appropriate controls to mitigate risks. By leveraging their knowledge and experience, organizations can minimize the likelihood and impact of data breaches and non-compliance.

Enhanced Data Privacy and Compliance:

Outsourced DPOs specialize in privacy strategies and compliance frameworks. They can assist in developing and implementing robust data protection policies, procedures, and controls tailored to the organization’s specific needs. By ensuring compliance with regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), businesses can protect customer trust and avoid costly penalties.

Focus on Core Competencies:

Outsourcing DPO services allows organizations to focus on their core competencies and strategic objectives. Instead of diverting internal resources to manage complex data protection requirements, businesses can allocate their time, energy, and talent towards driving innovation, improving products and services, and fostering growth.

Timely Incident Response and Management:

In the event of a data breach or security incident, outsourced DPO services provide immediate support and expertise in incident response and management. Their experience enables efficient handling of breach notifications, coordination with regulatory authorities, and implementation of remedial actions, ensuring minimal impact on the organization’s reputation and customer trust.

What Tsaaro’s DPOaaS looks like:

Our DPO-as-a-Service offering is designed to provide your business with privacy expertise to achieve regulatory compliance and handle data appropriately. We understand that data protection needs are diverse, which is why our DPO-as-a-Service solutions are tailored to meet your specific requirements. Whether you require a DPO as mandated by the GDPR or an additional privacy specialist to support your organization, our approach ensures that your business meets the necessary data privacy and IT security standards.

Conclusion:

Outsourcing DPO services offers numerous benefits to organizations seeking to navigate the complex landscape of data protection and privacy. From cost savings and access to expertise to enhanced compliance and efficient risk management, outsourcing DPO responsibilities allows businesses to leverage specialized knowledge and focus on their core objectives. By partnering with outsourced DPO service providers, organizations can ensure robust data protection practices and build a foundation of trust with customers and stakeholders.

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INTRODUCTION

With the development of the internet and the growing number of business entities in the digital domain, the importance of safety for networks hosted by such organisations cannot be overstated. Security methods such as the evaluation of vulnerabilities and penetration testing are critical in order to safeguard the networks and servers maintained by enterprises. To grasp these fundamental concepts, we will first learn about the two main notions, followed by an examination of their relevance, advantages, and disadvantages.

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND PENETRATION TEST

Vulnerability assessment refers to the process of determining and evaluating the weaknesses of an organisation’s servers, networks, and applications. This not only identifies gaps and security issues in an organisation’s networks but also gives a complete analysis of places that require a security patch-up’ through the use of specialised automated tools. A vulnerability evaluation is also performed to learn about the various activities that an attacker may engage in.

A penetration test, on the other hand, is an arsenal for replicating a real attack on a company’s systems, networks, or applications. The purpose is to identify vulnerabilities that an assessment of vulnerabilities may have missed and to analyse the effectiveness of the security measures that have been deployed. Penetration testing is frequently carried out by security professionals who employ both automated and human methods to identify shortcomings and make recommendations for how to prevent them.

Vulnerability assessment and penetration testing, also known as VAPT, is an important practise for organisations looking to strengthen their defences against cybersecurity threats and defend themselves from cyberattacks. Organisations benefit from VAPT in a variety of ways, including enhanced cybersecurity posture, regulatory compliance, savings on expenses, and increased consumer trust. Choosing the correct sort of VAPT operations service and performing VAPT on a regular basis can assist organisations in identifying and addressing cybersecurity flaws before they get taken advantage of by hackers.

WHY CHOOSING VAPT?

VAPT is becoming more important for organisations because of the developing nature of technological hazards and the potential consequences of an effectively carried out cyber assault. VAPT protects organisations by exposing security flaws and offering information on how to resolve them. Organisations may use VAPT to keep ahead of possible cybersecurity threats and protect the security of their information technology infrastructure.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CHOOSING VAPT

Adopting VAPT in a company has numerous benefits. A few instances include:

Enhanced Cybersecurity Mentality: VAPT supports organisations in identifying and addressing cybersecurity flaws before they are exploited by hackers. Organisations may keep ahead of possible dangers and reduce the risk of an attack being successful by frequently testing their information technology (IT) structures, applications, and systems.
Compliance with Regulatory Obligations: VAPT can assist organisations in meeting cybersecurity regulatory obligations. Organisations that fail to comply with these requirements may suffer severe penalties and reputational harm.
Cost Savings: Organisations may save money by discovering vulnerabilities before they trigger a breach. Cyberattacks may be expensive to repair, and the consequences can be long-lasting. Organisations can prevent cyberattacks by checking their IT infrastructure and computer systems on a regular basis.
Increasing Customer Satisfaction: VAPT assures customers that the organisation takes cybercrime seriously and is taking precautions to safeguard their data. Customers are more worried about data confidentiality and safety in today’s society. Organisations may develop trust with their consumers and enhance their image by proving that they have begun to take proactive actions to resolve these issues.
As is customary, there are certain significant downsides to implementing VAPT services. Among them are:

Lack of Skills: It is highly doubtful if a pen-tester would uncover every security vulnerability or solve all issues when investigating vulnerabilities and giving an automated report.
Extremely time-consuming: It requires considerable time since it does not include a thorough security examination. Pen-testing takes a longer period of time than vulnerability examination to evaluate a specific system and find attack vectors due to the greater test scope. His or her acts may also disrupt the business’s operations since they resemble a genuine attack.
Cost-Incurring: Because it demands a significant amount of work, it may be a bit more costly, and some companies may be unable to budget for it. This may be especially true if the job is completed by a contracting business.
Not a comprehensive test: It may give the appearance of security. If systems can withstand the bulk of penetration testing attempts, it may appear that they are entirely safe. Nonetheless, in the vast majority of cases, company security teams understand the concept of the technique and are prepared to detect and fight against it. Above all, genuine assaults are unanticipated and unplanned.
TYPES OF VAPT

There are several sorts of VAPT products and services, each of which has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Understanding the distinctions between these services might assist organisations in selecting the best one for their requirements. Among them are:

Automated Vulnerability Assessment: An automated vulnerability assessment scans an organisation’s computer networks, applications, and systems for vulnerabilities using software tools. This procedure is rapid and efficient, and it generates a full report on the vulnerabilities in question and their impact levels. However, it may not always detect every weakness; therefore, human assistance may be required to detect more complicated concerns.

Manual Breach Testing: Handbook penetration testing entails simulating a cyber assault on an organisation’s IT infrastructure in order to find shortcomings that automated vulnerability scanners may not detect. Automated penetration testing aims to exploit vulnerabilities in order to identify their effects on the organisation and offer suggestions on how to remedy them. This procedure is time-consuming and costly, but it produces a more comprehensive assessment of an organisation’s cybersecurity posture.

API Penetration Testing: API penetration testing is a vital element of any organisation’s security architecture. As a company’s data and infrastructure grow more accessible to the internet, the possibility of a breach becomes more serious than ever. APIs, however, are more than simply one single source of failure; they pose a significant danger to the confidentiality of a company’s internal infrastructure.

Most businesses have a range of APIs that allow workers and third-party apps to access internal applications, information, and infrastructure. These APIs, in the wrong hands, may be used to propagate malware, collect data, and influence an organisation’s infrastructure from within.

Cloud testing: Cloud testing for vulnerabilities is a sort of security assessment that looks for weaknesses in the context of cloud computing that hackers may exploit. Cloud reconnaissance is used to assess the integrity of internet-based computing environments and establish whether a cloud provider’s security policies and controls are capable of withstanding attacks. These tests should be done both before and after a corporation moves apps and information to the cloud as part of an online provider’s security maintenance. As part of a company’s cloud infrastructure security review, a third-party security firm would most likely undertake a cloud penetration test.

Project Red Team: A red team operation is hiring a crew of ethical hackers to mimic an assault on an organisation’s IT infrastructure. Red team activities can assist in identifying vulnerabilities that mechanical scans for vulnerabilities or human penetration testing may overlook. The mission of the red team is to achieve an objective. The objective of the red team is to provide an unbiased evaluation of an organisation’s cybersecurity posture and to emphasise deficiencies that must be filled. The approach is costly, but it provides an in-depth assessment of an organisation’s cybersecurity posture.

WHAT KIND OF VAPT ONE MUST CHOOSE ?

It is essential to select the correct kind of VAPT service to guarantee that the tests provide the most value for money. VAPT examinations can range greatly in comprehensiveness, breadth, dimension, and cost; thus, recognising the distinctions is critical. The answer to the issue of how many times one should do a VAPT is complicated since it relies on a variety of circumstances.

Among the most crucial factors are:

VAPT Endurance
The cost of VAPT
Data type stored
Requirements for compliance
VAPT ought to be conducted on a regular basis to verify that an organisation’s cybersecurity defence is solid. The regularity of VAPT is determined by the organisation’s risk tolerance, regulatory regulations, and business activities.

DIFFERENT VAPT TOOLS

VAPT tools are a class of software used to evaluate the confidentiality of an infrastructure, network, or application. Here are a number of the best open-source tools for doing VAPT:

Wireshark

Ethereal is an internet traffic analyser and monitoring programme that shows you what traffic is flowing throughout your personal computer network. It is free to download and the most widely used network analyser on the planet. It is mostly used by network administrators and experts to diagnose communication and system performance issues, as well as monitor and filter various network protocols.

Nmap

Nmap is a network administration programme that is free and open source and is used to monitor network connections. It is used for examining large networks and aids in the auditing of hosts and services; it also helps with detecting breaches. It is used to analyse network hosts at both the packet and scan levels. Nmap is a free programme that may be downloaded.

Metasploit

Metasploit is an exploit code creation and deployment framework for a remote target system. H.D. Moore first published it as a free software project in 2003. Security researchers use Metasploit to create and validate exploit code before deploying it in the wild. It might be used to evaluate a network’s security or get into a remote machine. It is also used by numerous safety specialists and hackers to test, including hacking into organisations and network devices.

CONCLUSION

Finally, VAPT is a necessary practise for organisations that rely on the Internet of Things. While it has certain disadvantages, the positive aspects of VAPT operations far exceed the disadvantages. Organisations can safeguard themselves against cyber assaults and threats by recognising possible vulnerabilities and gaps in their systems.

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As technology grows, parallelly the privacy concerns over them also grow. It is important to secure data privacy since it impacts the users if it gets breached. Reportedly blockchain faced a lot of data breach incidents and it is time to mitigate them.

Blockchain

In 2008, blockchain technology was developed. It is a distributed database or ledger shared among a computer network’s nodes. They were initially developed as a cryptocurrency technology. They play a crucial role in cryptocurrency by maintaining a secure and decentralized record of transactions. Blockchain technology has greatly evolved from initial cryptocurrency to smart contracts. They are not only limited to cryptocurrencies, many industries are benefitted by using this blockchain technology. Many industries face blockchain security issues that question the security of blockchain it is important to mitigate them to reduce further risks and ensure security.

Types of blockchain

Permissionless and permissioned blockchains are the types of blockchains.The permissionless blockchain is with no restrictions on participation and permissioned blockchain with restrictions on participation. There are private keys and public keys that are used in blockchain, where the private keys are used in private for authentication and encryption. The public key is publicly known and is used for identification.

The Public blockchain falls under the category of permissionless blockchain with no central authority. The Private and Consortium blockchain falls under the category of permissioned blockchain where they are controlled by one authority and by a group respectively. The Hybrid blockchain falls under the category of both permissionless and permissioned blockchain.

Applications of blockchain

The following are the applications of blockchain, which include,

Smart contract development
Asset registers
Supply chain management
Record keeping tools
Their application is seen in various industries such as fintech, real estate, healthcare, and retail.

Blockchain privacy issues and challenges

Even though blockchain has various advantages, it also has challenges that are associated. The following are some of the privacy and technology challenges in blockchain.

Data Privacy: Considering blockchain, there exists a concern about data privacy reason which anyone can see and retrieve data in transactions.

Scalability: Scalability can become a constraint when implementing blockchain, mostly due to block size and response times. In this technology, every node stores, processes, and maintains transactions in a block to ensure security and privacy. But as the number of transactions increases, small and medium-sized businesses struggle to accommodate a growing number of transactions in a block. Those increases can also slow the validation process

Regulations: With the emerging regulations organizations are finding it difficult to comply with the evolving data privacy laws and regulations. The right to be forgotten, as stated in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is difficult to implement as blockchain prevents the parties from modifying or deleting the data, which results in violating the government rules.

Blockchain and GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was introduced by the European Union in 2018 which protects the data of European data subjects. In blockchain personal data and transaction history are being stored, this falls under the purview of GDPR. Since GDPR deals with the protection of personal data. so there exists a relationship between blockchain GDPR in the case of privacy.

Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and similar laws allow individuals to demand that their data be deleted; these laws also create a “right to be forgotten” in certain cases. Since blockchain prevents parties from modifying or deleting data, the technology risks violating government rules.

In the case of Blockchain the “right to rectification” is also something challenging, where the data in the blockchain is immutable. So they cannot be modified or deleted.

With regard to the GDPR principles, blockchain consent management is difficult to implement.

As a result, permissioned blockchain can be adapted for supporting the governance models, since permisionless blockchain possesses a great risk.

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INTRODUCTION

India, being a developing country, is undergoing fast growth, notably in the field of technology. India’s evolution to a totally internet-driven economy is one such exceptional example. However, in a nation like India, a lack of data protection legislation has compromised the expectation of privacy stipulated in the Indian Constitution; the importance of such laws has been reaffirmed by the court’s decision in the case of K.S. Puttaswamy, J. v. Union of India, and others.

A tremendous quantity of confidential data has been created as a consequence of the increasing number of individuals utilising the worldwide web and the widespread usage of technology. This information has been collected without the consent or responsibility of individuals, raising questions regarding privacy issues.

The Information Technology (IT) Act of 2000 is currently governing the collection and use of personal data in India. This means that this strategy has been judged to be inadequate for maintaining personal data protection. In 2017, the national government created the Committee of Specialists on Data Protection, led by Judge B. N. Sri Krishna, for the purpose of investigating concerns about data protection in the country. The committee presented its report in July 2018.

BACKGROUND

The need for laws to protect confidential data in India has been brought about by the nation’s continually shifting legislative and governmental environment, in addition to the implementation of GDPR. This paved the way for the 2019 Personal Data Protection “Bill,” which highlighted the need for stiffer repercussions and enhanced information protection. Based on the Committee’s recommendations, the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, was put forward in Lok Sabha in December 2019. A Parliamentary Commission was tasked with assessing the bill, and its recommendations were due in December 2021.

Regardless, the combined committee to which the bill originally went forward studied it extensively and recommended 81 changes and 12 comments in order to develop effective data protection laws. After considering the suggestions of the joint parliamentary committee, the administration chose to abandon the bill on August 3, 2022, and replace it with a new one that corresponds to the approved comprehensive legal framework.

CURRENT SCENERIO

Considering a review of numerous issues concerning digital private data and its safeguarding, the MEITY Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology prepared the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022, which was presented on November 18, 2022.

If passed by the legislature, it will replace the 2011 regulations as well as portions of the present laws. The measure attempts to put obligations on companies that determine the objectives and approaches of data processing (known as “data fiduciaries”). Organisations that collect data that is personally identifiable from users for the sole purpose of marketing and delivering food products, for example, infer that the goal of collecting is to aid in the purchase and transportation of products. It also tries to regulate companies that handle this type of knowledge (also referred to as “data processors”) in keeping with the companies’ wishes.

As an illustration, if an application employed the services of a remote storage provider for keeping sensitive data, the provider would operate solely on guidelines from the company in question. Aside from that, the law determines the legal rights of individuals (commonly referred to as “data principals”) to whom personal data belongs.

SCOPE OF THE NEWLY PRESENTED BILL

The previously announced Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022 has been the focus of a heated discussion. It is of the utmost importance to maintain the debate in order to ensure that a greater number of individuals become cognizant of the proposal’s flaws. The Solicitor General additionally indicated on the last day of January 2023, in a speech delivered shortly beforehand to the top court of India, that a data protection bill would be filed with the legislature in the second half of the budgetary session in 2023. As a consequence, this idea might become law in the next few months. The brief includes fresh information that was undertaken to ensure that everyone in the neighbourhood can have a substantive discussion about the strategy.

The DPDPB, which merely attempts to regulate personal data, excludes non-personal data from its scope. For the first time in India, the pronouns “she” and “her” were used when describing persons of any gender in the Digital Privacy Bill 2022.

Between the additional definitions, the DPDPB includes novel concepts such as “data principal” (the person to whom the personally identifiable information relates, which may include the individual’s parent’s or legal guardian if the individual in question is a child) and “data fiduciary relationships (the person who defines what it means and implies to collect and make use of personal data, either alone or jointly with others).

The revised DPDPB only handles computerised or digital information; information that is manually entered is not addressed. In other areas, the draught bill provisions are deemed vague. For example, it is conceivable to misinterpret what “in the public interest” means and to what degree. The measure gives the centre additional authority.

Another, and possibly the most significant, change made regarding the bill in this version is the problem of cross-border data flow. This Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022 allows for unlimited data transfer across international borders. It enables the cross-national transfer of data that would otherwise be notified only by the central authority.

The DPDPB proposes the formation of a “Data Protection Board,” which would serve as a regulatory body. According to the Information Protection Bill, the Board’s primary responsibility is to determine whether the provisions of this Act have been violated and to apply fines in line with their terms. The law further states that later rules will be issued establishing the chairman’s and other members’ composition, strength, supplementary qualifications, selection procedure, appointment terms, and removal. The Digital Security of Personal Data Bill 2022 further states that the federal government would choose the Chief Executive of the Board of Directors, and the Chief Executive’s qualifications and conditions for being employed will be determined by the government.

CONCLUSION

In a nutshell, the new Personal Information Protection Bill 2019 is an attempt by the government to develop a simplified yet intelligible data protection law, as opposed to the previous version of the bill, which was attacked by enterprises and start-ups for simply being compliance-intensive. Despite the fact that the current draught seems to have discussed issues such as localization, a consent-heavy organisation, and greater adherence to responsibilities, among others, specific provisions such as those that provide exemptions from the state’s processing of an individual’s data, insufficient justification in up-and-running details, and inadequate protections for data administrators are among the primary complaints raised by experts.

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In this digital world, people are connected from every corner of the world through various devices. Imagine yourself as an avatar connected with people for work, learning, playing, and gathering around for a party in a whole new virtual world together. This is what is called Metaverse.

There’s no doubt that the metaverse is the next evolution in social connection and the successor to the mobile internet. As mentioned above it is an interactive virtual world that allows users to engage with each other in real-time, where the individuals are represented by avatars. There are various activities you can engage in this virtual world to attend virtual events which gives a fully immersive experience. Like the internet, the metaverse will help you connect with people when you are not present physically in the same place and it can even get users closer to that feeling of being in person.

As the users immerse themselves in the virtual worlds and interact with others, it creates a concern where their personal data becomes more vulnerable to theft, exploitation, and misuse. So, users need to be aware of the privacy in the metaverse

Privacy in the Metaverse

As the metaverse allows for real-time virtual experiences, the technologies like Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and blockchain enable these immersive experiences, there also raises concerns about privacy, since the technologies capture the biometric data of the users or the facial gestures that may be misused if not protected with care.

This makes the privacy of the users more critical. This might create privacy challenges in the metaverse like the regulation of data generated through avatars, identity breaches, data transfer, etc., Since a large amount of data are collected from the users there are a lot of privacy concerns associated where the metaverse system follows individuals closely. There should be various privacy practices that are to be used for better control of the users’ data.

Metaverse data protection

Organizations are greatly involved in building this innovative technology, which provides immersive cyberspace, real-time experience for the users by engaging in this virtual world. This remains as a brighter side but the other side of it is worse, where it is turning into a darker side of privacy to the stakeholders, including the metaverse developers, regulatory bodies, crypto service providers, software, hardware, and to the users themselves.

So, to maintain a healthy environment, in this virtual world, it is important for them to be built by adopting the best privacy practices like data transparency, improved or newly drafted regulations and laws, privacy by design, better controls, and improved technical design.

The data of the users can be safeguarded by the techniques of anonymization as stated in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Authenticating the data of children becomes extremely difficult in the case of children who are using this technology, as consent plays an important role in the case of children since they are also required by the regulations such as GDPR.

There are various other issues privacy issues like phishing attacks, device targeting, user tracking, and surveillance, etc., Even Metaverse might transform the healthcare industry where those health data would be governed by European Union’s GDPR and US’s Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).

There may be issues regarding the non-fungible tokens (NFTs) play a key role in the metaverse. But there are privacy concerns when these digital assets might result in the risk of cyber-attack that could cause the loss of NFT data and result in regulatory violations. This might create a risk if there is no presence of laws or regulations related to cybersecurity.

In conclusion, it is significant to mitigate the risks concerning the metaverse, to protect the privacy of the users of the metaverse.

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INTRODUCTION

As the country’s digital economy and cyber ecosystem multiply, it is critical to put in place a robust safeguarding framework that guarantees the responsibility of enterprises that manage personal data. Without such legislation, such organisations cannot be held liable in the case of a breach of information or comparable incident. As a consequence, there is a pressing requirement for agreement and a concerted effort to develop adequate data protection laws. The anticipated Indian bill, which is expected to be introduced in parliament soon, is geared towards safeguarding individuals’ privacy and guaranteeing their sensitive information is not misused. This blog discusses the history of the law, its ramifications, the outcome, and the current scenario for the Anticipation Indian Bill.

HISTORY OF INDIAN PRIVACY BILL

As a result of the increasing number of people using the internet and the broad use of technology, an immense amount of sensitive information has been generated. This data has been gathered without the consent or accountability of individuals, raising worries regarding privacy violations.

In response to increasing concerns about data privacy, a group of experts was formed in 2012 to outline core areas of data privacy protection, such as transparency, collection and purpose constraints, security, confidentiality, consent gathering, availability of data, and correction, and observe them by investigating authorities. Several individuals were concerned about the growing popularity of Aadhar. Several petitions have been brought to the Supreme Court, alleging threats to privacy as a result of data breaches, etc.

The Supreme Court established a nine-judge committee to consider whether the right to confidentiality is a basic right. The Supreme Court replied enthusiastically, ruling in K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India that the right to solitude is a fundamental right.

Following the Puttaswamy choices, a committee was established in August 2017 under the leadership of Minister of Justice (Retd.) B.N. Srikrishna to examine data protection issues, recommend solutions, and draft a data protection bill. The committee handed its findings and a drafted data privacy bill before the Department of the Ministry of Information Technology and Electronics on July 27, 2018.

Subsequently, in December 2019, the Rajya Sabha enacted the Personal Data Protection Bill 2019, which established compliance standards for personal data, expanded individuals’ rights, established a central data protection regulator, commanded data localization, and implemented monetary penalties for noncompliance. In 2019, the Indian privacy bill was forwarded to the Joint Parliamentary Committee of Parliament (JPC) for investigation, which suggested 81 revisions and 12 suggestions that altered the legislation’s mandate.

However, the administration withdrew the unsuccessful personal data protection bill from parliament, leaving the DPB’s fate in question. According to the Ministry of Information Technology and Electronics, the IT Act could be amended to take into account the country’s developing technological landscape.

DIFFICULTIES IN THE OLD PRIVACY BILL -

The Indian government’s proposed Indian privacy law generated concerns for a variety of reasons, including challenges relating to

Data Localization: The need for private information to be maintained on computers or data centres situated within Indian territory is referred to as data localization. The measure authorised the government to exclude some kinds of personally identifiable information from this obligation, as well as designate certain data types as “critical” and have them stored solely in India. This rule was criticised by technology businesses since it required them to build a new infrastructure for data storage in India even if they hadn’t established an actual presence there. Furthermore, there was not a specific definition of “critical and sensitive data” in the bill.

Governmental Access: The governmental access to data paragraph permitted the government access to all personally identifiable information for the purposes of ensuring national security and preventing, detecting, investigating, and prosecuting crimes or other legal violations. However, in India, lax security measures against state surveillance posed an important risk to privacy. The legislative framework for government monitoring lacked judicial warrants, third-party oversight, or any duty to inform the target of surveillance, putting it in violation of globally recognised human rights norms.

Inadequate Measures: The drafted bill additionally contained inadequate oversight measures. The central government exercised significant influence over the regulatory framework, including the capacity to designate the members of the information protection authority based on the recommendations of an independent panel. Commissioners of the authority must have specialised knowledge and at least ten years of professional experience in disciplines associated with safeguarding data, information technology, data management, data science, the security of data, cyber, and internet legislation, according to the bill. However, given India’s small pool of experts who fit that description, an ongoing relationship between lawmakers and the data trustees being regulated could undermine the authority’s independence.

These flaws generated serious worries about the Indian government’s drafted data privacy bill, causing business organisations to write letters to the Minister of Electronics.

RECOMMENDATION MADE BY THE GOVERNMENT:

The Indian government recommended a data protection measure that would force firms to retain personal data in India, raising security and governmental access to data issues. Some businesses supported the bill, claiming it would improve law enforcement accessibility and give the Indian government greater flexibility in taxing internet giants. Civil society businesses, on the other hand, criticised the open-ended prohibitions for government monitoring and pointed out that encryption keys may still be within the grasp of national authorities. The measure was opposed by IT behemoths and industry groups, who feared a fractured internet and protectionist rules that would damage young startups and larger corporations that process international data in India. Due to the response and the demand for reform, the measure was eventually dropped.

CURRENT SCENARIO:

The Department of the Ministry of Information Technology and Electronics proposed a new law, the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022, on November 18, 2022. If approved by Parliament, it will substitute for the 2011 rules as well as some elements of the current legislation. India’s new data protection bill intends to impose requirements on corporations that establish the aims and methods of data processing (referred to as “data fiduciaries”). Organisations that collect identifiable information from users for the purpose of selling and delivering groceries, for example, conclude that the aim of collection is to assist with the purchase and shipment of goods. It also attempts to govern firms that process this kind of information (known as “data processors”) in accordance with the companies’ decisions.

For instance, if an application employs the services of an internet storage provider to keep sensitive data, such a provider would only operate on orders from the corporation. Aside from that, the bill specifies the legal rights of the people to whom personal data relates (referred to as “data principals”).

RIGHTS PROVIDED UNDER THE PROPOSED BILL TO THE INDIVIDUALS

The following are the summarised rights being provided by the Indian Privacy Bill:

Right to be informed: right to be informed about the processing of their personally identifiable information and to receive a summary of the information being processed. Individuals have the right to know whether or not a firm is processing or has processed personal data about them, as well as how such data is handled by the company.

Right to terminate consent: Based on the previously mentioned right, an individual may request an explanation of their data that is being handled or that was recently processed, as well as the company’s processing actions currently (or that have been) conducted.

Right to correction and erasure: Under this right, individuals have the right to correct, erase, complete incomplete personal data, and update the same.

Right to redressal of grievances: Individuals have the right to make a trip to an office or authority established by a firm for the purpose of registering and addressing grievances about the collection and use of personal data.

Right to nominate: The proposed measure would allow persons to appoint another person to execute their freedoms in the case of their passing or incompetence (due to instability of their thoughts or body).

Right to withhold consent: Whenever personal data is handled only on the basis of consent the proposed law allows the person in question to terminate their consent for that processing.

CONCLUSION

In comparison to existing law, the bill gives individuals significant rights and gives them greater information awareness, decisional autonomy, and control over their personal information, while also requiring companies to respect individuals’ rights and provide operational redressal mechanisms, with serious consequences of up to Rs 50 crore for infringing on individual rights. The proposed law takes significant steps towards ensuring the rights of digital users by granting people actionable rights, requiring corporations, and proposing the establishment of the Privacy and Data Protection Board to serve as an adjudicatory authority for the settlement of user disputes. While the consultation with the public is still ongoing, it remains to be seen whether the bill will be introduced during the Budget Session.

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The development of technologies is massive in this digital era. The digital landscape is being used by most teenagers, who use it to connect with their friends and share content. Social media platform is something teenagers use daily, as there is the use of such social media by teenagers, there raises the question of Privacy among teenagers

Most teenagers seem to be unaware that when using social media, they are sharing data beyond that which they input directly and on the other hand some are aware that social media companies collect their data for marketing purposes. But from this, it can be sensed that knowledge of teenage privacy is something that needs to be looked upon.

Privacy for teenager

Teenagers being active users of the digital landscape must be aware of privacy. Teenagers living their life online must be knowledgeable to understand what data privacy is and its importance so it might prevent them from falling prey to cybercrimes and data breach incidents.

Data privacy refers to how a piece of information or data should be handled depending on its significance. The concept of data privacy is applied to crucial personal statements which are also known as Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and Personal Health Information (PHI). The protection of data and providing the necessary data is something that needs to be created for a healthy digital ecosystem.

Privacy — why it matters?

When teenagers are showing their online presence in the digital landscape, social media platform companies collect the data of the user, some collect with their knowledge and some without the knowledge of the users.

Most teenagers do not read the terms and conditions of the platform, the cookie consent, and the Privacy policy, and there occurs a situation where teenage privacy is in danger. If this is the case then the teenage users won’t be aware of the type of data collected from them, the purpose for which it is collected, and usage of the collected data. This results in a potential risk to the privacy and data security of the teenagers, since in the case of breach incidents, or cyber security incidents, the data of the teenagers are in danger, where they can be sold and can result in cybersecurity incidents like identity theft, etc.,

Laws governing Privacy

Various laws govern the privacy among teenager, which includes the following,

When it comes to India, there are various laws like The Information Technology Act, of 2000, the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act of 2015, and the Draft Data Protection Bill, of 2021. These laws contain provisions for the protection of children’s data.

When it comes to the international level, there are various laws like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Cyber Protection of Children’s Personal Information, and Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) all these laws deal with the provisions regarding the protection of the children’s data and the importance of consent and parental consent.

Privacy for teenagers is provided by the above-mentioned laws.

In the Survey conducted by Tsaaro, it was found that 74% of the teenagers felt that there is a need for new privacy laws, so enacting strong legal provisions or laws pertaining to privacy is something that needs to be enacted for the protection of the data of teenagers.

Suggestions for improvement

The concern about data privacy is something that is growing and needs to be given great attention.

Enacting laws on a global level — there must be strong regulatory frameworks to govern the privacy of teenagers.

Knowledge of privacy — since teenagers are the vulnerable group who use digital platforms daily must be taught about the importance of data privacy

Transparency of the social media companies –social media companies must be transparent enough to state the type of data collected, their purpose of collection, and their usage.

Teenagers must be taught about the risks involved while using the digital landscape to engage themselves in a healthy digital ecosystem.

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INTRODUCTION

In today’s digital society, the protection of one’s knowledge and identification is becoming an ever-more urgent concern, particularly for young people. This begs the question, “What exactly is the Children’s Privacy Law? As an increasing number of young people use technology such as smartphones and the internet, the importance of establishing stringent privacy measures grows. In this study, we will look into the importance of protecting children’s privacy, how the rules now work, and what efforts should be made to make them even stricter.

NEED FOR PRIVACY AMONG CHILDREN

Young people, in particular, stand to greatly benefit from keeping their right to confidentiality safeguarded due to the favourable implications it has on the creation of their sense of independence and identity. Young individuals must spend time alone to develop a sense of self, set boundaries, and make new friends. They require settings that preserve their privacy for both online and offline safety. Children benefit from increased privacy because it encourages adolescents to develop their own autonomy, accountability, and sense of security as individuals.

Encouraging children to be themselves creates good connections with their guardians and other carers. Children seek an atmosphere whereby they may be themselves without fear of being humiliated or punished. As a result, it is critical to ensure parents and other caretakers preserve and defend their children’s right to privacy.

GDRP PROVISION FOR CHILDREN’S DATA PROTECTION

The use of personally identifiable data about kids for marketing or developing user or temperament profiles, and additionally the collection of this kind of data about youngsters when they use services made accessible by them directly, should be covered by this additional safeguard. However, the person with parental responsibility should be aware that any immediate safeguarding or psychological counselling provided to a child is not contingent on their permission.

According to the European Union’s regulatory framework, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), parents’ personal data about their kids should be given special protection since they may be less aware of the risks and consequences of data sharing. Recital 38 states that specific protections must be implemented to avoid the use of data pertaining to children for marketing purposes.

Certain security measures should be in place, according to Recital 38, in order to avoid the use of data pertaining to children for advertisements, the establishment of consumer profiles, or the collection of data while employing services. Article 8 of the GDPR governs the method for obtaining children’s permission (in addition to the legitimacy of such consent). The GDPR-K acronym is widely used to refer to GDPR rules dealing with children’s data.

CHILDREN’S ONLINE PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT (COPPA)

Children’s privacy legislation, such as COPPA and the laws of the state, as well as laws such as the GDPR, place a premium on their security. Regulators are now starting to understand that children should not suffer because they do not yet comprehend the consequences of sharing their private information; thus, it is up to you to keep them secure.

The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act of 1996 (COPPA) is an American law that applies to internet sites and online services aimed at children under the age of 13, as well as service providers of websites and online services who are aware of the fact that they are collecting personal information through the internet from children under the age of 13. The legislation is enforced by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

In accordance with COPPA, a privacy statement explaining how personally identifiable data of children under the age of 13 must be displayed Parents must be provided with an accurate understanding of what is being collected and their confirmed consent before acquiring a child’s data. Furthermore, parents have the right to inspect and obliterate the progress of their kids’ data that is personally identifiable, revoke authorization, and assess the personal information collected about them at any time. The operator additionally needs to implement and enforce adequate procedures to protect the anonymity, security, and confidentiality of children’s personal data.

There are various approaches to gaining verified parental permission under COPPA. Consent forms must be downloaded and sent by postal service, fax, or scan; payment must be made using a debit or credit card or PayPal account.

MAJOR CONCERN ABOUT CHILDREN’S PRIVACY RIGHT

There are Children’s Privacy Policies in place to safeguard children’s privacy; however, there are a number of hurdles to ensuring children’s online anonymity. One of the most difficult concerns is the fast spread of brand-new technological capabilities. Legislators and regulators may find it challenging to keep up with the swift advancement of novel innovations and platforms as well as adopt kid privacy regulations that are not only necessary but also effective. As a result, children may be vulnerable to a variety of threats, including invasions of their privacy.

Another hurdle is that children and their parents are not fully informed and taught about the need for personal information confidentiality. Notwithstanding having learned that there are numerous safeguards in place to protect private data while using the internet, many parents and kids are unaware of the potential threats. As a result, when youngsters go online, they are more likely to experience being tormented or targeted by predators.

CONCLUSION

Honouring the developing sense of agency and sense of privacy among children may be accomplished through the protection of their right to privacy. Child privacy laws are a useful first step in protecting the personal information of children when they are using the internet; nevertheless, these rules need to be periodically updated and improved in order to keep up with the rapid changes that are occurring in technology. Both children and their parents need to be made aware of the potential risks associated with disclosing personal information online as well as the preventative steps that may be taken to maintain their privacy. This must be accomplished through increased educational and awareness-raising efforts. If everyone contributes a little bit, we can make the internet a safer and more kid-friendly place to be.

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Advancements in technology are simplifying life in many ways, especially when it comes to elderly they benefit from the ample number of services. Even though elders are transforming themselves to use and benefit from online services, there raise concerns about privacy among the elders.

The digital and privacy literacy of the elders remains questionable as they were not born in the digital era. But subsequently learned to use it. They share their personal information on technological devices, without being aware of the cyber security issues that might lead to.

How the privacy of the elderly is something that needs to be looked upon.

Privacy of Elders in the digital landscape

Data Privacy among elders in the digital landscape amounts to privacy and security concerns, as privacy and security of mobile data and electronic devices are complicated subjects. A wide range of data of the users are captured by the mobile devices which are collected from the in-app activity to communications to movement and location data provided by the phone sensors, and this data is acquired in ways that are not necessarily clear to elders.

The privacy of the elders is a concept that needs research to understand, analyze and suggest measures on how the privacy of the elderly can be protected since their knowledge of privacy seems to be less, so they remain a vulnerable population to fall prey to the cyber incidents.

Importance of data privacy among elders

Data Privacy refers to how a piece of information or data should be handled depending on its significance. In the digital era, the concept of data privacy is commonly applied to crucial personal information, also known as Personally Identifiable Information (PII), and Personal Health Information (PHI).

A significant number of the elders do not have any idea what data privacy is or are unaware of the safeguards available to protect their online privacy, resulting in them sharing personal data that is not required.

Adolescents need to understand the importance of privacy, as they were not born in the digital era. They later started to learn and understand technologies, and now most of the elderly are using them. Even though they’re using them they are not aware of the personal and sensitive information that is provided by them online and possess a lot of risks especially vulnerable to cyber-attacks. So, they need to understand and learn to safeguard their data.

Online Privacy Perceptions of older adults

When online privacy perceptions of older adults are considered, they’re less confident in dealing with the internet and privacy protection, as they are often less experienced and more cautious in adapting to technologies.

Even though older adults are lagging when it comes to the usage of technology, the research findings state that they are very much concerned about their data being misused, especially their credit card details.

Older adults are less aware of the privacy concerns due to which they are unable to protect their personal information online.

Data Privacy — legal provisions

Various provisions are governing the data privacy landscape in India as well as at the international level.

In India, the Information Technology Act of 2000, the Constitution of India, Data Protection Bill, of 2021 govern data privacy and protection. Where Article 21 of the Constitution of India provides the fundamental right to privacy to Indians.

At the International level, there are laws like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union (EU), there are federal laws and state laws in the United States of America and the United Arab Emirates has federal laws №9 of 2019 governing the rights of senior citizens.

Tsaaro’s survey report it was found that 44% of the respondents believed there is a need for more regulations to be enacted for privacy.

It also addresses some of the suggestions which include, sharing only the required information, monitoring permissions, using strong passwords, and using two-factor authentication are some of the suggestions to ensure the privacy of the elders in the digital ecosystem.

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According to the NDMO, what is KSA Personal Data Protection Management?

KSA Personal Data Protection Management refers to the system, policies, and procedures implemented by organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to protect the privacy and confidentiality of personal data in accordance with the Saudi Arabian Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) regulations.

The National Digital Transformation Unit (NDMO) in KSA is responsible for overseeing and enforcing data protection laws and regulations, including the Saudi Data Protection Law (SDPL) that came into effect on July 28, 2020.

The KSA Personal Data Protection Management framework includes the following components:

1. Data protection policies and procedures: Organizations must develop and implement comprehensive data protection policies and procedures to ensure that personal data is collected, processed, stored, and shared in compliance with the Saudi Arabia’s PDPL

2. Data classification and mapping: Organizations must classify and map all personal data they collect and process to identify the level of protection required for each type of data.

3. Data privacy impact assessments (DPIA): Organizations must conduct DPIAs to identify and assess the risks associated with the processing of personal data protection.

4. Security controls: Organizations must implement appropriate technical and organizational security measures to protect personal data against unauthorized access, use, or disclosure.

5. Data breach management: Organizations must establish procedures to detect, report, and respond to data breaches.

6. Training and awareness: Organizations must provide regular training to employees on data protection policies and procedures and raise awareness about the importance of protecting personal data.

By implementing a KSA Personal Data Protection Management framework, organizations can ensure compliance with the SDPL and protect the privacy and confidentiality of personal data.

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In this digital world, data plays an integral part in business. Organizations use the customers’ data to get valuable insights for growth as well as to provide personalized services. Data is an asset of a company, and most of the time organizations are becoming prey to cyber breach incidents. So, it is significant for an organization to implement cybersecurity measures to safeguard from cyber threats.

CYBER SECURITY MATURITY ASSESSMENT

The Cyber Security Maturity Assessment (CSMA) is a gap analysis and risk assessment that employs cyber security best practices as well as recognized cyber frameworks to answer questions about your current security program, like your biggest risks, the potency of your cybersecurity strategy, etc. Amidst the growing reliance on technology, these assessments are essential for an organization of any size but particularly the big ones.

The cybersecurity maturity assessment measures your organization’s strategic position in the face of cyber threats. It instills observing specific policies that protect essential assets, infrastructure, applications, and data. The evaluation also focuses on the best course of action that can be adopted by your business for each control area, as well as organizational effectiveness, and instills more maturity in internal policies and procedures.

GOAL OF CYBER SECURITY MATURITY ASSESSMENT

The cyber security maturity assessment’s main goal is to provide a view of your current security posture, an objective review of the existing plans, and a guide to strategic planning. The cyber maturity assessment also helps your organization to develop tactical and strategic directions to further mature and strengthen your security program efforts.

Aligning your security program with the best practices outlined in the assessment better positions your program to meet industry compliance standards which is a significant thing for your organization.

HOW DOES SECURITY MATURITY ASSESSMENT WORK?

The CSMA focuses especially on the specific controls which protect the assets, infrastructure, and applications by assessing the organization’s defensive posture. It also emphasizes operational best practices for each control area as well as the organizational effectiveness and maturity of internal policies and procedures.

It can also be tailored to align with the several different recognized cybersecurity control sets and frameworks based on the goals, industry, and maturity level of your organization. The maturity assessment assesses compliance with several industry requirements, control sets, and frameworks.

DATA MANAGEMENT MATURITY ASSESSMENT

As the term maturity refers to the ability of an organization to undertake continuous improvement in a particular discipline, when it comes to data maturity assessment, the discipline refers to the data management of an organization.

The data management maturity assessment should be performed for two main reasons which include, first is to improve the performance of data management. It helps in developing strategies, roadmaps, and plans. The second is benchmarking the results against other companies by developing a tool that assists the company in constantly measuring performance and progress.

OUR APPROACH

The approach of Tsaaro is to study the cybersecurity risks and their potency, understand suitable measures to fight them and draft comprehensive reports on myriad aspects.

We take control of the key cybersecurity areas by determining their potency against risks and present a comprehensive report to read and acknowledge the posed cybersecurity threats and a detailed review of the steps undertaken

The focal points of this assessment include legal and regulatory compliances, operational and technological aspects of workplace efficiency, crisis management, and business continuity among others.

ADVANTAGES

Analysis of the current security framework of your organization

Identification of vulnerabilities that can prove to be determined for your cybersecurity infrastructure

Maturity assessment of your cybersecurity infrastructure, making it suitable to the future needs of your organization.

Valuable insights on the shortcomings of your cybersecurity mechanism, and how to overcome it.

WHY TSAARO?

Our skilled and experienced team of experts provides you with the exact details and pinpointed approach to solve your organization’s cybersecurity issues, we are flexible in our approach which helps us adapt better to the needs of your organization.

At Tsaaro, we equip you with all that you need to know about cybersecurity infrastructure, inform you about the areas that require correction, which can be corrected, and implement them for you.

We also help you identify the threats you possibly cannot fight for the very nature of those, in the face of ever-evolving technology and help mitigate and minimize damage.

Tsaaro reviews the existing documentation that deals with cybersecurity, meet the people in charge of its implementation, and checks their practical application by your organization. Takes control of the six key cybersecurity areas by determining their potency against risks.

At the end of this exercise, we present you with a comprehensive report to read and acknowledge the posed cybersecurity threats and a detailed review of the steps mentioned above.

Tsaaro also offers the Best Cyber Security Courses, which help you to upskill in the domain of cybersecurity or if you want to become a cybersecurity professional. So, check out Tsaaro for a cybersecurity certification course or cybersecurity certification training to start your journey in cybersecurity.

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China’s Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) is a comprehensive data protection legislation that was passed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 20, 2021, and is set to take effect on November 1, 2021. The law seeks to protect the privacy rights of individuals and regulate the collection, use, storage, transmission, and processing of personal information by entities in China.

Here are some of the key provisions of the PIPL:

Definition of Personal Information: The PIPL defines personal information broadly as any information that can be used to identify an individual, including name, date of birth, ID number, biometric data, and online identifiers.

Consent Requirements: Entities that collect personal information must obtain consent from the individual and clearly inform them of the purpose, method, and scope of the data collection.

Cross-border Data Transfer: The law imposes restrictions on cross-border transfer of personal data, requiring entities to conduct a security assessment before transferring data outside of China.

Rights of Individuals: The law grants individuals the right to access, correct, delete, and withdraw consent for the use of their personal information.

Data Protection Officers: Entities that process large amounts of personal information are required to appoint a dedicated data protection officer.

Enforcement: The law establishes fines and penalties for violations, including up to 50 million yuan (approximately $7.7 million USD) or 5% of the previous year’s revenue, whichever is higher.

Overall, the PIPL places significant obligations on entities that collect and process personal information and aims to strengthen the protection of individuals’ privacy rights in China.

China’s Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) and the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) have some similarities and differences.

Similarities:

Both laws are designed to protect the privacy rights of individuals and regulate the collection, use, storage, transmission, and processing of personal information.

Both laws require entities to obtain the individual’s consent for the collection and use of personal information.

Both laws provide individuals with the right to access, correct, delete, and withdraw consent for the use of their personal information.

Both laws impose restrictions on cross-border transfer of personal data.

Differences:

Territorial Scope: The GDPR applies to all entities processing personal data within the EU and entities outside the EU if they offer goods or services to EU residents. In contrast, the PIPL applies to entities that process personal data within China.

Legal Basis: The GDPR requires entities to have a lawful basis for the processing of personal data, while the PIPL only requires entities to obtain the individual’s consent.

Data Protection Officers: The GDPR requires certain entities to appoint a data protection officer, while the PIPL requires entities that process large amounts of personal information to appoint a dedicated data protection officer.

Enforcement: The GDPR imposes fines of up to €20 million or 4% of the entity’s global revenue, whichever is higher. In contrast, the PIPL imposes fines of up to 50 million yuan or 5% of the entity’s previous year’s revenue, whichever is higher.

Overall, while the PIPL and GDPR have some similarities, there are also significant differences in their scope, legal basis, and enforcement mechanisms.

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Introduction

Privacy and data protection is becoming one of the most critical issues of an era that is characterized by the technological revolution and a paradigm shift in our interaction with each other and the digital world in general. Data protection is an essential element in protecting the rights of individuals, which is intrinsically tied to the Human Rights of Individuals. Privacy and data protection are not just the responsibility of a nation state, but the onus to have a robust privacy structure is the responsibility of organizations too. Several national laws to safeguard citizens’ privacy ights and the practical application of data protection rules in day-to-day businesses have been modelled after the European regime of data protection and privacy regulations. So, it is crucial to consider the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s new rules in light of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The cornerstone for the law’s effective implementation and operation in Saudi Arabia will be its main considerations, principles, and requirements.

DATA PROTECTION AND KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

The KSA’s New Personal Data Protection Law designed to systematically protect “personal data” of individuals. After a period of 180 from the date of publication, the law will come into effect on 23 March 2022., and thus data controllers would have to ensure compliance to the law. Vision 2030 programme in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia brought about significant changes in the telecommunication, media and technology regulatory landscape. Saudi Data & Artificial Intelligence Authority (“SDAIA”) will be coordinating with the Central bank and other Information Technology ministries for the implementation of PDPL.On September 24, 2021, the PDPL was released in the Saudi Arabian Official Gazette. It goes into effect in full on March 23, 2022. After that, Data Controllers have an additional year to comply with the PDPL, though this time frame may be extended. The PDPL will be supplemented by rules, which must be published by 23 March 2022 and will probably give more context and direction for the PDPL’s actual use.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) passed its Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) in 2019, which came into effect on March 4, 2020. The PDPL is designed to protect the privacy and personal data of individuals within the country, and it applies to any person or organization that processes personal data in KSA, regardless of where they are located.

Some of the key provisions of the PDPL include:

Definition of Personal Data: The PDPL defines personal data as any information that can be used to identify a natural person, directly or indirectly.

Lawful Basis for Processing: Personal data can only be processed if there is a lawful basis for doing so, such as with the individual’s consent or for the performance of a contract.

Data Subject Rights: Individuals have the right to access, rectify, erase, and object to the processing of their personal data, as well as the right to data portability.

Data Protection Officer (DPO): Organizations that process personal data on a large scale or process sensitive personal data must appoint a DPO to oversee data protection.

Data Breach Notification: Organizations must notify the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) of any data breaches within 72 hours.

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