The US has announced new export controls aimed at limiting Chinese technology giant Huawei's access to semiconductor technology.
The new rule bars semiconductor-makers that use US technology and software in chip design from shipping to Huawei without US government permission.
It is the latest US action to target Huawei, which US officials view as a national security threat.
China threatened to retaliate against US tech firms.
The tightened controls come a year after the US moved to cut off Huawei, the world's second largest smart phone maker, from access to US-made semiconductor chips, which form the backbone of most computer and phone systems.
In response, the company and others in China accelerated efforts to manufacture such chips domestically.
US Commerce Department Secretary Wilbur Ross said that those efforts were "still dependent on US technologies", and accused Huawei of taking steps "to undermine" earlier export controls.
"This is not how a responsible corporate citizen behaves," Mr Ross said. "We must amend our rules exploited by Huawei... and prevent US technologies from enabling malign activities contrary to US national security and foreign policy interests."
The new US rule, to be published on Friday, applies to foreign-made items, using US technology. It exempts equipment or software made or shipped within the next 120 days - a move meant to limit economic harm.
In a background briefing for reporters, the US said officials would consider licence applications to do business with Huawei on a "case by case" basis.
"This is a licensing requirement. It does not necessarily mean that things are denied," a senior State Department official said. "We tend to approach Huawei with some concern but this is a measure that gives the US government visibility into what is moving."
Also on Friday, the US extended waivers that allow US companies, many of them rural internet providers, to use some kinds of Huawei technology for another 90 days.
'Cut off the relationship'
Donald Trump, who is campaigning for re-election in November, has stepped up his attacks on China in recent weeks, blaming it for the spread of Covid-19.
This week, he moved to restrict US government pension funds from investing in Chinese companies. He said on Wednesday he could "cut off the whole relationship".
The US has said Huawei's technology could be used for spying by the Chinese government.
It has pressured allies, including the UK and Germany, to bar Huawei from their networks and sued the company for technology theft and doing business with Iran, in violation of US sanctions.
Huawei has contested the US government's claims and said American efforts are likely to backfire, hurting the ability of US tech firms to do business.
China on Friday threatened to place US companies on an "unreliable entity list", according to a report in the country's Global Times.