There are two types of exfoliants. First, a "chemical" or "acid" exfoliant that does the work for you. You apply it, leave it on the skin, and it works to dissolve the dry skin cells. These exfoliants include ingredients such as Glycolic Acid, AHAs and BHA, and enzymes such as Pumpkin, Papaya, and Pineapple.

Second, a "physical" exfoliant means that you have to do the work. These exfoliants include Brushes, Sponges/Bath Gloves/Mitt, and Scrubs e.g salt, grains, sugar etc....

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http://organicsbymelvee..com/2013/03/exfoliation-key-to-luminous-skin.html#.UVRWHTcf00E