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Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Religion / Islam for Muslims / Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims (8012 Views)
Fasting On The Day Of 'ashura (10th Muharram) / Happy Islamic New Year 1436 AH To All Muslims / Ashura:Commemorating The Martyrdom Of Imam Hussain (as) in the Month of Muharram (2) (3) (4)
Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by xclusive43(m): 8:52pm On Nov 09, 2013 |
Alhamdulillah, Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) has blessed us to see another year. The first month of this year is Muharram. In this month is an excellent day—the day of ‘Ashura—which falls on the 10th of Muharram. Allah's sacred month of Muharram is a blessed and important month. It is the first month of the Hijri calendar and is one of the four sacred months concerning which Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): "Verily, the number of months with Allah is twelve months (in a year), so it was ordained by Allah on the Day when He created the heavens and the earth; of them, four are sacred. That is the right religion, so wrong not yourselves therein …" [ Al-Qur'an 9:36] Abu Bakarah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet ( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The year is twelve months of which four are sacred, the three consecutive months of Dhul-Qa'dah, Dhul- Hijjah and Muharram, and Rajab Mudar which comes between Jumadah and Sha'ban." [Reported by al-Bukhari, 2958] The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu ‘alayhi wa Sallam) recommended that we fast on this day, by his Sunnah. He also indicated how we should observe the fast of ‘Ashura. Hakam ibn Al-Arat (Radiyallahu 'anh) relates: I went to Ibn Abbas (Radiyallahu 'anh)… I said to him: Tell me about fasting on ‘Ashura. He said, "When you seen the new moon of Muharram count the (days) and (begin to) observe fast on the 9th." I said to him: "Is it how the Holy Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘alayhi wa Sallam) observed the fast?" He said, "Yes." [Sahih Muslim] Hazrat Ibn Abbas (Radiyallahu 'anh) relates that when the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu ‘alayhi wa Sallam) said: "If I survive till next year, I will definitely observe fast on the 9th of Muharram (as well)."[Sahih Muslim] (Note: What the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu ‘alayhi wa Sallam) meant was that he would also fast on the 9th as well as the 10th to which he was accustomed. We also should try fasting on the 9th and the 10th of Muharram.) Hazrat Ibn Abbas (Radiyallahu 'anh) reports that the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu ‘alayhi wa Sallam) arrived in Madinah and found the Jews observing fast on the day of ‘Ashura… They said: "It is the day of great (significance) when Allah delivered Hazrat Musa ('Alaihis-Salaam) and his people and drowned Pharoah and his people, and Sayyidina Musa ('Alaihis-Salaam) observed fast out of gratitude. And we also observe it." The Holy Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘alayhi wa Sallam) responded: "We have more right, and we have closer connection with Sayyidina Musa ('Alaihis-Salaam) than you have"; so Allah’s Messenger (Sallallahu ‘alayhi wa Sallam) observed fast (on the day of ‘Ashura) and gave us orders to observe it. [Sahih Bukhari and Muslim] The 9th and 10th of Muharram will inshaAllah correspond with the 12th and 13th of November.. O’ Allah! Bless us to perform good deeds and gain their reward on ‘Ashura. Make the new year one of unity, cooperation and success for Muslims in this city and around the world. Ameen. 38 Likes |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by tunshe: 11:30am On Nov 10, 2013 |
I was about opening a thread on this but you already did. May Allah reward you for this timely reminder. The number of views is still low, I hope as many Muslims as possible benefit from this. However, permit me to add the following : Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 'The best of fasting after Ramadhan is fasting Allah's month of Muharram.' " [Reported by Muslim, 1982] Imam an-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "It expiates for all minor sins, i.e., it brings forgiveness of all sins except major sins." Then he said (may Allah have mercy on him): "Fasting the day of 'Arafah expiates for two years, and the day of 'Ashura' expiates for one year. 8 Likes |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by deols(f): 6:20pm On Nov 10, 2013 |
when is it? I mean what date using the gregorian calendar? |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by xclusive43(m): 6:25pm On Nov 10, 2013 |
deols: when is it? I mean what date using the gregorian calendar?The 9th and 10th of Muharram will inshaAllah correspond with the 12th and 13th of November,2013 |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by deols(f): 6:54am On Nov 11, 2013 |
The most important thing is for us to fast on the 9th and 10th. 1 Like |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by deols(f): 5:32pm On Nov 11, 2013 |
Al-Baqir: I didnt read any of your long posts..go straight to the point. Are you saying that we should not fast or what? 2 Likes |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by Nobody: 7:10pm On Nov 11, 2013 |
i just learnt on islamic channel now that the Saudi judicial supreme court made up of grand scholars from diff schools of thought decided that d ummulqura calender should not be followed for d month of Muharram and hence d new hijrah year is Tue.5th of Nov and Ashurah(10th of Muharram) is on Thur.14th Nov. 1 Like |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by deols(f): 7:11pm On Nov 11, 2013 |
Al-Baqir: I dont read you shiites posts and I have told you guys why severally. so, again, what is your point? 2 Likes |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by deols(f): 7:51pm On Nov 11, 2013 |
zeezzy: i just learnt on islamic channel now that the Saudi judicial supreme court made up of grand scholars from diff schools of thought decided that d ummulqura calender should not be followed for d month of Muharram and hence d new hijrah year is Tue.5th of Nov and Ashurah(10th of Muharram) is on Thur.14th Nov. I heard that too..that wednesday is 9th and thursday 10th. 1 Like |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by tunshe: 12:24am On Nov 12, 2013 |
Subhana Lah! Al-Baqir was here and succeeded polluting this thread. @Al- Baqir, why not open your thread and stop displaying insecurity and desperation? @Deols & zeeza, thanks for the information. I saw it on Islam channel now. @xclusive43, going forward I advice that you ignore fruitless debate or you will receive very LONG epistle. |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by tunshe: 12:30am On Nov 12, 2013 |
harmeenart: You forgot to add the embarrassment on Muslims(not Islam) where adults beat each other with whip and metals till they bleed. Expect a LONG article in reply. Nobody should quote me o cos I'm allergic to reading long things. |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by AbdH: 7:07am On Nov 12, 2013 |
snakova: .....obviously. They make it imperative to cry and hurt themselves for Hussein but I wonder how many times they shed tears from the remembrance of Allah. May Allah show us the right path. Ashura is on thursday and one is expected to fast on that day and a day before or a day after i.e Wednesday & Thursday or Thursday and Friday. 3 Likes |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by xclusive43(m): 9:55am On Nov 12, 2013 |
i purposely ignored him. We are not here for debate... But I want you to go through this... Ibn `Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: “I never saw Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) so keen to fast any day and give it priority over any other than this day, the day of `Ashura', and this month, meaning Ramadan.” (Al-Bukhari, Hadith 1867) In another hadith we are told that fasting the day of `Ashura' expiates the sins of the previous year as theProphet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Fasting the day of `Ashura' (is of great merits), I hope that Allah will accept it as anexpiation for (the sins committed in) the previous year” (Muslim). Focusing more on the question in point, Dr. MuzammilH. Siddiqi , former President of the Islamic Society of North America, states: Fasting the Day of `Ashura' is not to mourn the martyrdom of imamHusain (may Allah be pleased with him). We deeply respect Imam Husain’s martyrdom,we honor his glorious act of sacrifice for the sake of Islam. He gave us a great example of truth, courage and piety. But we also feel pain and grief in our hearts for his assassination at the hand of some hypocrites who took Islam as a pretext to commit their crime. They fought and killed Allah’s Messenger’s beloved and blessed grandson and his family. This was the most heinous and shameful crime that was committed for the sake of political power. This tragic event took place in the year 61 AH or 680 CE. However, the tradition of `Ashura' fasting is very ancient and it goes back to a long time before imam Husian. It is reported in the Sahih of Imam Al-Bukhari and other authentic collections of hadith that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions used to fast on the 10th day of Muharram while they were in Makkah (before the hijrah ). It was a day on which people of Makkah used to change the covering (kiswah ) of the Ka`bah. Quraysh also used to fast on this day. (Al- Bukhari, hadith 1489 and 1760) After the hijrah when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, he found that the Jews of Madinah also used to observe this day with fasting. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked them the reason of their fasting on this day. They said, “This is a blessed day. On this day Allah saved the Children of Israel from their enemy (in Egypt) and so Prophet Musa fasted on this day giving thanks to Allah.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “We have more claim to Musa than you.” He fasted on that day and commanded Muslims to fast on this day. (Al-Bukhari, hadith 1865) In another report it is mentioned that Jews of Madinah used to hold a feast on this day. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) told his Companions to fast instead. (Al-Bukhari, hadith 1866) `Ashura' fasting was obligatory (fard ) in the beginning. In the second year of hijrah (624 CE) when Allah’s command came that Muslims should fast the whole month of Ramadan, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) then sent someone to announce to people that fasting of `Ashura' had become voluntary ( nafl). This indicates that whosoever wishes to fast, may fast and whosoever does not want to fast, there will be no blame on him/her. Imam At-Tirmidhi mentioned that ibn `Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to say that we should fast on two days: the 9th and 10th of Muharram to distinguish ourselves from the Jewish community. (At-Tirmidhi) Ibn`Abbasalso quoted the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as saying, “If I live next year, I shall also fast on the 9th day.” (Musnad Ahmad ibnHanbal, hadith2002) There is a great reward in fasting the day of `Ashura'. There are many hadiths that mention its blessings and virtues. It is good to fast on this day, although it is not obligatory. Allah Almighty knows best. 3 Likes |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by xclusive43(m): 10:18am On Nov 12, 2013 |
I found the words of Omid Safi , a professsor of Islamic Studies at the University of North Carolina and author of the new book Memories of Muhammad: Why the Prophet Matters , very interesting in his description of the Shi’a mourning ceremonies of Ashura, and the ways Shi’as should mark the day. He recently gave an interview for an Iranian news agency, where he said: “The mourning ceremonies of Ashura are of course an important way in which we demonstrate our love affection for Imam Hossein, and through him, the Prophet. I am committed to the notion that identification with the redemptive suffering of the imam is a key aspect of Shi’I piety. And I would add two other elements: in the mourning, we have to be sure to continue to honor the sanctity of the human body, which is after all the creation of God. So in my own personal reckoning, I would prefer to see taking stories to heart, shedding of tears, and even the striking of one’s chest gently with one’s hand. I would suggest avoiding any action that would lead to shedding of blood (using knives, etc.) or leaving bruises (such as chains). Furthermore, I would add that the foremost way of honoring Imam Hossein is not by sinking into the abyss of melancholy, but rather “carving a tunnel of hope through the great mountain of despair.” What would best serve the cause of Imam Hossein and Islam is not to sit in mourning but rather to rise in protest, rise majestically like Imam Hossein against all the Yazids of the world today. The Yazids of the world are sometimes individuals every bit as devious as Shemr and Yazid of yesteryears, but more often entities and concepts like oppression, greed, occupation, militarism, brutality, violence, and every oppressive ideology that stands in the way of affirming the dignity and integrity of each and every member of humanity. May all these Yazids, literal and metaphorical, be upended on this and every Ashura, so that we can realize the daily relevance of the teachings of a beautiful and meaningful Islam .” And in his Facebook status update over the weekend, Professor Safi wrote that beyond being something just for Shi’as to mark, Ashura has significance for all: The martyrdom of Imam Hossein is indeed a cosmic event whose significance is far greater than merely a bloody battle or even a massacre in the remote plains of 7th century Iraq. It is a reminder that there is real injustice in this world, and one has the cosmic responsibility to rise up against it. What happened “there” and then is also projected against all time and space. The question is not what Imam Hossein did in the month of Muharram of the year 680 on the plains of Karbala in Iraq, but rather what are we doing today. Every day is Ashura, Every place is Karbala." I find his observations very interesting and spiritual, in that he takes a significant moment in Islamic history, something that led to the split of Muslims into two main sects – Sunnis and Shi’as – and reminds all Muslims the martyrdom of Imam Hussein was a “cosmic” event, and that instead of spending our time in mourning, we should all rise in protest against the injustices that still plague this world. 1 Like |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by Akindarchi(m): 12:12pm On Nov 12, 2013 |
Asalam alaykum warahmahtullahi wabarakatuh , just curious , it is obvious that some muslims don't support the idea of fasting on the 10th, and the reason given is because that date also marks the unjust killing of imam Hussein, so I ask, what would u rather have us do on that day? *Al-baqir this is directed at u, but anyone that has sometin benficial to say can reply |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by xclusive43(m): 2:17pm On Nov 12, 2013 |
Please spear me the horror How can Sahih be fabricated..... Read this once again Allah's sacred month of Muharram is a blessed and important month. It is the first month of the Hijri calendar and is one of the four sacred months concerning which Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): "Verily, the number of months with Allah is twelve months (in a year), so it was ordained by Allah on the Day when He created the heavens and the earth; of them, four are sacred. That is the right religion, so wrong not yourselves therein … " [ Al-Qur'an 9:36] Abu Bakarah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet ( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The year is twelve months of which four are sacred, the three consecutive months of Dhul-Qa'dah, Dhul- Hijjah and Muharram, and Rajab Mudar which comes between Jumadah and Sha'ban." [Reported by al-Bukhari, 2958] Muharram is so called because it is a sacred (muharram) month and to confirm its sanctity. Allah's words (interpretation of the meaning): " ... so wrong not yourselves therein … " mean do not wrong yourselves in these sacred months, because sin in these months is worse than in other months. It was reported that Ibn 'Abbas said that this phrase referred to all the months, then these four were singled out and made sacred, so that sin in these months is more serious and good deeds bring a greater reward. Qatadah said concerning this phrase that wrongdoing during the sacred months is more serious and more sinful that wrongdoing at any other time. Wrongdoing at any time is a serious matter, but Allah gives more weight to whichever of His commands He will. Allah has chosen certain ones of His creation. He has chosen from among the angels Messengers and from among mankind Messengers. He chose from among speech the remembrance of Him (dhikr). He chose from among the earth the mosques, from among the months Ramadhan and the sacred months, from among the days Friday and from among the nights Laylatul- Qadr , so venerate that which Allah has told us to venerate. People of understanding and wisdom venerate the things that Allah has told us to venerate. [Summarized from the Tafsir of Ibn Kathir, may Allah have mercy on him. Tafsir of Surah at-Tawbah , ayah 36] The Virtue of Observing More Nafil Fasts During Muharram Abu Hurayrah ( may Allah be pleased with him ) said: "The Messenger of Allah ( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 'The best of fasting after Ramadhan is fasting Allah's month of Muharram.' " [Reported by Muslim, 1982] The phrase "Allah's month" , connecting the name of the month to the name of Allah in a genitive grammatical structure, signifies the importance of the month. Al-Qari said: "The apparent meaning is all of the month of Muharram." But it was proven that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) never fasted any whole month apart from Ramadhan , so this hadith is probably meant to encourage increasing one's fasting during Muharram, without meaning that one should fast for the entire month. It was reported that the Prophet ( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to fast more in Sha'ban. It is likely that the virtue of Muharram was not revealed to him until the end of his life, before he was able to fast during this month. [ Sharh an-Nawawi 'ala Sahih Muslim] Allah Chooses Whatever Times and Places He Wills Al-'Izz ibn 'Abdus-Salam ( may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Times and places may be given preferred status in two ways, either temporal or religious/spiritual. With regard to the latter, this is because Allah bestows His generosity on His slaves at those times or in those places, by giving a greater reward for deeds done, such as giving a greater reward for fasting in Ramadhan than for fasting at all other times, and also on the day of 'Ashura' , the virtue of which is due to Allah's generosity and kindness towards His slaves on that day … " [Qawa'id al- Ahkam , 1/38] 'Ashura' in History Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him ) said: "The Prophet ( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) came to Madinah and saw the Jews fasting on the day of 'Ashura' . He said, 'What is this?' They said, 'This is a righteous day, it is the day when Allah saved the Children of Israel from their enemies, so Musa fasted on this day.' He said, 'We have more right to Musa than you,' so he fasted on that day and commanded [the Muslims] to fast on that day." [Reported by al-Bukhari, 1865] "This is a righteous day" – in a report narrated by Muslim, [the Jews said:] "This is a great day, on which Allah saved Musa and his people, and drowned Pharaoh and his people." "Musa fasted on this day" – a report narrated by Muslim adds: " … in thanksgiving to Allah, so we fast on this day." According to a report narrated by al-Bukhari: " … so we fast on this day to venerate it." A version narrated by Imam Ahmad adds: "This is the day on which the Ark settled on Mount Judi, so Nuh fasted this day in thanksgiving," and "commanded [the Muslims] to fast on that day" – according to another report also narrated by al-Bukhari: "He said to his Companions: 'You have more right to Musa than they do, so fast on that day.' " The practice of fasting on 'Ashura' was known even in the days of Jahiliyyah, before the Prophet's mission. It was reported that 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her ) said: "The people of Jahiliyyah used to fast on that day … " Al-Qurtubi said: "Perhaps Quraysh used to fast on that day on the basis of some past law, such as that of Ibrahim, upon whom be peace." It was also reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to fast on 'Ashura' in Makkah, before he migrated to Madinah. When he migrated to Madinah, he found the Jews celebrating this day, so he asked them why, and they replied as described in the hadith quoted above. He commanded the Muslims to be different from the Jews, who took it as a festival, as was reported in the hadith of Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: "The Jews used to take the day of 'Ashura' as a festival [according to a report narrated by Muslim: the day of 'Ashura' was venerated by the Jews, who took it as a festival. According to another report also narrated by Muslim: the people of Khaybar (the Jews) used to take it as a festival and their women would wear their jewellery and symbols on that day]. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 'So you [Muslims] should fast on that day.' " [Reported by al- Bukhari] Apparently the motive for commanding the Muslims to fast on this day was the desire to be different from the Jews, so that the Muslims would fast when the Jews did not, because people do not fast on a day of celebration. [Summarized from the words of al-Hafidh Ibn Hajar – may Allah have mercy on him – in Fath al-Bari Sharh 'ala Sahih al- Bukhari ] Fasting on 'Ashura' was a gradual step in the process of introducing fasting as a prescribed obligation in Islam. Fasting appeared in three forms. When the Messenger of Allah ( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) came to Madinah, he told the Muslims to fast on three days of every month and on the day of 'Ashura' , then Allah made fasting obligatory when He said (interpretation of the meaning): " … observing the fasting is prescribed for you … " [ Al-Qur'an 2:183] [Ahkam al-Qur'an by al-Jassas, part 1] The obligation was transferred from the fast of 'Ashura' to the fast of Ramadhan , and this one of the proofs in the field of Usul al-Fiqh that it is possible to abrogate a lighter duty in favour of a heavier duty. Before the obligation of fasting 'Ashura' was abrogated, fasting on this day was obligatory, as can be seen from the clear command to observe this fast. Then it was further confirmed later on, then reaffirmed by making it a general command addressed to everybody, and once again by instructing mothers not to breastfeed their infants during this fast. It was reported from Ibn Mas'ud that when fasting Ramadhan was made obligatory, the obligation to fast 'Ashura' was lifted, i.e., it was no longer obligatory to fast on this day, but it is still desirable (mustahabb). |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by xclusive43(m): 2:19pm On Nov 12, 2013 |
The Virtues of Fasting 'Ashura' Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both ) said: "I never saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) so keen to fast any day and give it priority over any other than this day, the day of 'Ashura' , and this month, meaning Ramadhan ." [Reported by al-Bukhari, 1867] The meaning of his being keen was that he intended to fast on that day in the hope of earning the reward for doing so. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "For fasting the day of 'Ashura', I hope that Allah will accept it as expiation for the year that went before." [Reported by Muslim, 1976] This is from the bounty of Allah towards us: for fasting one day He gives us expiation for the sins of a whole year. And Allah is the Owner of Great Bounty. Which Day is 'Ashura' ? An-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him ) said: " 'Ashura' and Tasu'a' are two elongated names [the vowels are elongated] as is stated in books on the Arabic language. Our companions said: 'Ashura' is the tenth day of Muharram and Tasu'a' is the ninth day. This is our opinion, and that of the majority of scholars. This is the apparent meaning of the ahadith and is what we understand from the general wording. It is also what is usually understood by scholars of the language." [ Al- Majmu' ]) 'Ashura' is an Islamic name that was not known at the time of Jahiliyyah . [Kashshaf al-Qina' , part 2, Sawm Muharram] Ibn Qudamah ( may Allah have mercy on him) said: " 'Ashura' is the tenth day of Muharram. This is the opinion of Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib and al-Hasan. It was what was reported by Ibn 'Abbas, who said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) commanded us to fast 'Ashura' , the tenth day of Muharram.' [Reported by at-Tirmidhi, who said, a sahih hasan hadith ] It was reported that Ibn 'Abbas said: 'The ninth,' and reported that the Prophet ( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him ) used to fast the ninth. [Reported by Muslim] 'Ata' reported that he said, 'Fast the ninth and the tenth, and do not be like the Jews.' If this is understood, we can say on this basis that it is mustahabb (encouraged) to fast on the ninth and the tenth, for that reason. This is what Ahmad said, and it is the opinion of Ishaq." It is Mustahabb (Encouraged) to Fast Tasu'a' with 'Ashura' 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas ( may Allah be pleased with them both ) said: "When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) fasted on 'Ashura' and commanded the Muslims to fast as well, they said, 'O Messenger of Allah, it is a day that is venerated by the Jews and Christians.' The Messenger of Allah ( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, 'If I live to see the next year, in sha Allah, we will fast on the ninth day too.' But it so happened that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) passed away before the next year came." [Reported by Muslim, 1916] Ash-Shafi'i and his companions, Ahmad, Ishaq and others said: "It is mustahabb to fast on both the ninth and tenth days, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) fasted on the tenth, and intended to fast on the ninth." On this basis it may be said that there are varying degrees of fasting 'Ashura' , the least of which is to fast only on the tenth and the best of which is to fast the ninth as well. The more one fasts in Muharram, the better it is. The Reason Why it is Mustahabb to Fast on Tasu'a' An-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him ) said: "The scholars – our companions and others – mentioned several reasons why it is mustahabb to fast on Tasu'a' : "The intention behind it is to be different from the Jews, who only venerate the tenth day. This opinion was reported from Ibn 'Abbas … "The intention is to add another day's fast to 'Ashura' . This is akin to the prohibition on fasting a Friday by itself, as was mentioned by al-Khattabi and others. "To be on the safe side and make sure that one fasts on the tenth, in case there is some error in sighting the crescent moon at the beginning of Muharram and the ninth is in fact the tenth." The strongest of these reasons is being different from the People of the Book. Shaykh ul-Islam ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade imitating the People of the Book in many ahadith, for example, his words concerning 'Ashura' : 'If I live until the next year, I will certainly fast on the ninth day.' " [Al-Fatawa al- Kubra, part 6, Sadd adh-Dhara'i' al-Mufdiyyah ila'l-Maharim ] Ibn Hajar (may Allah be pleased with him) said in his commentary on the hadith "If I live until the next year, I will certainly fast on the ninth day" and "What he meant by fasting on the ninth day was probably not that he would limit himself to that day, but would add it to the tenth, either to be on the safe side or to be different from the Jews and Christians, which is more likely. This is also what we can understand from some of the reports narrated by Muslim." [ Fath, 4/245] 1 Like |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by xclusive43(m): 2:22pm On Nov 12, 2013 |
Ruling on Fasting Only on the Day of 'Ashura' Shaykh ul-Islam said: "Fasting on the day of 'Ashura' is an expiation for a year, and it is not makruh to fast only that day … " [Al- Fatawa al-Kubra , part 5] In Tuhfat al-Muhtaj by Ibn Hajar al-Haytami, it says: "There is nothing wrong with fasting only on 'Ashura' ." [Part 3, Bab Sawm at-Tatawwu' ] Fasting on 'Ashura' even if it is a Saturday or a Friday At-Tahawi ( may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The Messenger of Allah ( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) allowed us to fast on 'Ashura' and urged us to do so. He did not say that if it falls on a Saturday we should not fast. This is evidence that all days of the week are included in this. In our view – and Allah knows best – it could be the case that even if this is true (that it is not allowed to fast on Saturdays), it is so that we do not venerate this day and refrain from food, drink and intercourse, as the Jews do. As for the one who fasts on a Saturday without intending to venerate it, and does not do so because the Jews regard it as blessed, then this is not makruh … " [ Mushkil al-Athar, part 2, Bab Sawm Yawm as-Sabt ] The author of Al-Minhaj said: "It is disliked (makruh ) to fast on a Friday alone … But it is no longer makruh if you add another day to it, as mentioned in the sahih report to that effect. A person may fast on a Friday if it coincides with his habitual fast, or he is fasting in fulfilment of a vow, or he is making up an obligatory fast that he has missed, as was stated in a sahih report." Ash-Sharih said in Tuhfat al-Muhtaj: "If it coincides with his habitual fast – i.e., such as if he fasts alternate days, and a day that he fasts happens to be a Friday, if he is fasting in fulfilment of a vow, etc." – this also applies to fasting on days prescribed in Shari'ah , such as 'Ashura' or 'Arafah. [Tuhfat al-Muhtaj , part 3, Bab Sawm al-Tatawwu' ] Al-Bahuti (may Allah have mercy on him ) said: "It is makruh to deliberately single out a Saturday for fasting, because of the hadith of 'Abdullah ibn Bishr, who reported from his sister: 'Do not fast on Saturdays except in the case of obligatory fasts' [reported by Ahmad with a jayyid isnad and by al-Hakim, who said: according to the conditions of al-Bukhari], and because it is a day that is venerated by the Jews, so singling it out for fasting means being like them … except when a Friday or Saturday coincides with a day when Muslims habitually fast, such as when it coincides with the day of 'Arafah or the day of 'Ashura' , and a person has the habit of fasting on these days, in which case it is not makruh, because a person's habit carries some weight." [Kashshaf al-Qina' , part 2, Bab Sawm al-Tatawwu' ] What Should be Done if there is Confusion about the Beginning of the Month? Ahmad said: "If there is confusion about the beginning of the month, one should fast for three days, to be sure of fasting on the ninth and tenth days." [Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudamah, part 3 – as-Siyam – Siyam 'Ashur'] If a person does not know when Muharram began, and he wants to be sure of fasting on the tenth, he should assume that Dhul-Hijjah was thirty days – as is the usual rule – and should fast on the ninth and tenth. Whoever wants to be sure of fasting the ninth as well should fast the eight, ninth and tenth (then if Dhul-Hijjah was twenty-nine days, he can be sure of having fasted Tasu'a' and 'Ashura' ). But given that fasting on 'Ashura' is mustahabb rather than wajib, people are not commanded to look for the crescent of the new moon of Muharram as they are to do in the case of Ramadhan and Shawwal . Fasting 'Ashura' – For What Does it Offer Expiation? Imam an-Nawawi ( may Allah have mercy on him) said: "It expiates for all minor sins, i.e., it brings forgiveness of all sins except major sins." Then he said ( may Allah have mercy on him): "Fasting the day of 'Arafah expiates for two years, and the day of 'Ashura' expiates for one year. If when a person says 'Amin ' it coincides with the 'Amin ' of the angels, he will be forgiven all his previous sins … Each one of the things that we have mentioned will bring expiation. If there are minor sins for which expiation is needed, expiation for them will be accepted; if there are no minor sins or major sins, good deeds will be added to his account and he will be raised in status … If he had committed major sins but no minor sins, we hope that his major sins will be reduced." [Al- Majmu' Sharh al-Muhadhdhab , part 6, Sawm Yawm 'Arafah ] Shaykh ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (ay Allah have mercy on himmay Allah have mercy on him) said: " Taharah, salah , and fasting in Ramadhan , on the day of 'Arafah and on 'Ashura' expiate for minor sins only." [Al-Fatawa al-Kubra , part 5] Not Relying Too Much on the Reward for Fasting Some people who are deceived rely too much on things like fasting on 'Ashura' or the day of 'Arafah, to the extent that some of them say, "Fasting on 'Ashura' will expiate for the sins of the whole year, and fasting on the day of 'Arafah will bring extra rewards." Ibn al- Qayyim said: "This misguided person does not know that fasting in Ramadhan and praying five times a day are much more important than fasting on the day of 'Arafah and 'Ashura' , and that they expiate for the sins between one Ramadhan and the next, or between one Friday and the next, so long as one avoids major sins. But they cannot expiate for minor sins unless one also avoids major sins; when the two things are put together, they have the strength to expiate for minor sins. Among those deceived people may be one who thinks that his good deeds are more than his sins, because he does not pay attention to his bad deeds or check on his sins, but if he does a good deed he remembers it and relies on it. This is like the one who seeks Allah's forgiveness with his tongue (i.e., by words only), and glorifies Allah by saying "Subhanallah" one hundred times a day, then he backbites about the Muslims and slanders their honour, and speaks all day long about things that are not pleasing to Allah. This person is always thinking about the virtues of his tasbihat (saying "Subhanallah " and tahlilat (saying " La ilaha illallah " but he pays no attention to what has been reported concerning those who backbite, tell lies and slander others, or commit other sins of the tongue. They are completely deceived." [ Al- Mawsu'ah al-Fiqhiyyah , part 31, Ghurur] |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by xclusive43(m): 2:25pm On Nov 12, 2013 |
Fasting 'Ashura' When One Still has Days to Make Up From Ramadhan The fuqaha' differed concerning the ruling on observing voluntary fasts before a person has made up days that he or she did not fast in Ramadhan . The Hanafis said that it is permissible to observe voluntary fasts before making up days from Ramadhan , and it is not makruh to do so, because the missed days do not have to be made up straight away. The Malikis and Shafi'is said that it is permissible but is makruh, because it means that one is delaying something obligatory. Ad-Dusuqi said: "It is makruh to observe a voluntary fast when one still has to make up an obligatory fast, such as a fast in fulfilment of a vow, or a missed obligatory fast, or a fast done as an act of expiation ( kafarah), whether the voluntary fast which is being given priority over an obligatory fast is something confirmed in Shari'ah or not, such as 'Ashura' and the ninth of Dhul-Hijjah , according to the most correct opinion." The Hanbalis said that it is haram to observe a voluntary fast before making up any fasts missed in Ramadhan , and that a voluntary fast in such cases does not count, even if there is plenty of time to make up the obligatory fast. So a person must give priority to the obligatory fasts until he has made them up. [Al-Mawsu'ah al-Fiqhiyyah , part 28, Sawm at- Tatawwu' ] Muslims must hasten to make up any missed fasts after Ramadhan , so that they will be able to fast 'Arafah and 'Ashura' without any problem. If a person fasts 'Arafah and 'Ashura' with the intention from the night before of making up for a missed fast, this will be good enough to make up what he has missed, for the bounty of Allah is great. |
Re: Ashura – An Important Day For All Muslims by xclusive43(m): 2:28pm On Nov 12, 2013 |
[b]Innovations Common on 'Ashura' Shaykh ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah ( may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about the things that people deople do on 'Ashura' , such as wearing kohl , taking a bath ( ghusl), wearing henna, shaking hands with one another, cooking grains (hubub ), showing happiness and so on. Was any of this reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in a sahih hadith , or not? If nothing to that effect was reported in a sahih hadith , is doing these things bid'ah , or not? Is there any basis for what the other group do, such as grieving and mourning, going without anything to drink, eulogizing and wailing, reciting in a crazy manner, and rending their garments?rments? His reply was: "Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds. Nothing to that effect has been reported in any sahih hadith from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) or from his Companions. None of the Imams of the Muslims encouraged or recommended such things, neither the four Imams, nor any others. No reliable scholars have narrated anything like this, neither from the Prophet ( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), nor from the Sahabah , nor from the Tabi'in; neither in any sahih report or in a da'if (weak) report; neither in the books of Sahih, nor in as-Sunan , nor in the Musnads. No hadith of this nature was known during the best centuries, but some of the later narrators reported ahadith like the one which says, 'Whoever puts kohl in his eyes on the day of 'Ashura' will not suffer from eye disease in that year, and whoever takes a bath (does ghusl) on the day of 'Ashura' will not get sick in that year,' and so on. They also reported a fabricated hadith that is falsely attributed to the Prophet ( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), which says, 'Whoever is generous to his family on the day of 'Ashura' , Allah will be generous to him for the rest of the year.' Reporting all of this from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is tantamount to lying." Then he [Ibn Taymiyyah ( may Allah have mercy on him) ] discussed in brief the tribulations that had occurred in the early days of this Ummah and the killing of al-Husayn ( may Allah be pleased with him), and what the various sects had done because of this. Then he said: "An ignorant, wrongful group – who were either heretics and hypocrites, or misguided and misled – made a show of allegiance to him and the members of his household, so they took the day of 'Ashura' as a day of mourning and wailing, in which they openly displayed the rituals of jahiliyyah such as slapping their cheeks and rending their garments, grieving in the manner of the jahiliyyah ...… "The Shaytan made this attractive to those who are misled, so they took the day of 'Ashura' as an occasion of mourning, when they grieve and wail, recite poems of grief and tell stories filled with lies. Whatever truth there may be in these stories serves no purpose other than the renewal of their grief and sectarian feeling, and the stirring up of hatred and hostility among the Muslims, which they do by cursing those who came before them … "The evil and harm that they do to the Muslims cannot be enumerated by any man, no matter how eloquent he is. Some others – either Nasibis who oppose and have enmity towards al-Husayn and his family or ignorant people who try to fight evil with evil, corruption with corruption, lies with lies and bid'ah with bid'ah – opposed them by fabricating reports in favour of making the day of 'Ashura' a day of celebration, by wearing kohl and henna , spending money on one's children, cooking special dishes and other things that are done on 'Eid and special occasions. These people took the day of 'Ashura' as a festival like 'Eid , whereas the others took it as a day of mourning. Both are wrong, and both go against the Sunnah , even though the other group (those who take it as a day of mourning) are worse in intention and more ignorant and more plainly wrong … "Neither the Prophet ( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) nor his successors (the khulafa' ar-rashidun ) did any of these things on the day of 'Ashura', they neither made it a day of mourning nor a day of celebration … "As for the other things, such as cooking special dishes with or without grains, or wearing new clothes, or spending money on one's family, or buying the year's supplies on that day, or doing special acts of worship such as special prayers or deliberately slaughtering an animal on that day, or saving some of the meat of the sacrifice to cook with grains, or wearing kohl and henna, or taking a bath (ghusl), or shaking hands with one another, or visiting one another, or visiting the mosques and shrines and so on … all of this is reprehensible bid'ah and is wrong. None of it has anything to do with the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) or the way of the Khulafa' ar- Rashidun. It was not approved of by any of the Imams of the Muslims, not Malik, not ath-Thawri, not al-Layth ibn Sa'ad, not Abu Hanifah, not al-Awza'i, not al- Shafi'i, not Ahmad ibn Hanbal, not Ishaq ibn Rahwayh, not any of the Imams and scholars of the Muslims." [Al-Fatawa al- Kubra by Ibn Taymiyyah] Ibn al-Hajj (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned that one of the bid'ah on 'Ashura' was deliberately paying zakat on this day, late or early, or slaughtering a chicken just for this occasion, or – in the case of women – using henna . [ Al-Madkhal , part 1, Yawm 'Ashura' ][/b] |
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