You will be amazed to discover how far scientists are going to reduce aging in human being, this is another success story from another group of scientist.

Mice have become the first creatures to
experience the ‘Curious Case of Benjamin
Button’ for real, as Australian and American
scientists have managed to literally reverse
their ageing process. And they say humans
could be next in line.


The discovery is centered on a compound that
is like a youth elixir, targeting and reversing
muscle aging, building up muscle tone and
reducing inflammation and giving mice more
energy – as if they have been working out in
the gym. Likewise, resistance to insulin was
targeted, adding diabetes to an already
impressive list of age-related diseases that
could soon be fought, like neurodegenerative
conditions and cancers.


The resulting research was published in the
journal Cell on December 20.


"I've been studying aging at the molecular
level now for nearly 20 years and I didn't think
I'd see a day when aging could be reversed. I
thought we'd be lucky to slow it down a little
bit," said Professor David Sinclair, of the
University of New South Wales. He was the
leader of the study, working from Harvard
Medical School in the United States.


The research was tested on 6-month-old and
22-monthold old mice, comparing first how
aging occurred in general, then testing the new
compound on the older mice to see if the
“youth potion” worked.


An explanation as to how and why aging occurs
can be seen in the levels of messenger
ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the nucleus and in
the mitochondria, which begin to differ with
age. These levels encode genetic information
around a cell.


The mitochondria are where all the hard work
takes place. All mammals create energy in the
way that small molecules are created when
larger ones break down, and energy is
released. Skeletal muscle respiration is the
result of this, and its swift functioning is key
to age reversal, researchers explain.


"We have chromosomes that we all know
about, we call it our genome, but there's other
DNA that we often don't think about - the
mitochondrial DNA that we get from our
mothers… what we found is that during aging
these two genomes, the chromosomes, don't
talk to each other,” Sinclair said, comparing
the two to an aging married couple.


Although a lot of the information is carried by
the mitochondria, some functions responsible
for muscular respiration are encoded in
information stored in the nucleus. Therefore, a
balanced and coordinated functioning of both
is essential, as with age it begins to fail, like a
telephone call interrupted by static.


The levels of mRNA in the mitochondria
declined in the older ones. And the same was
noticed for proteins called SIRT-1 and another
one produced by the nucleus, whose levels are
connected with a higher lifespan.


The healthy coordination between the nucleus
and the mitochondria were found to lie
directly in the amount of those proteins –
especially SIRT-1: the higher the levels, the
slower the aging.


However, a bigger problem was found to lay in
the so-called NAD+ molecule, its levels in the
nucleus. But scientists could not account for
how exactly it kept SIRT-1 levels up. Its own
levels simply dwindled with age.


"When we're young, we have the high levels of
NAD and if we exercise and diet, the levels of
this NAD molecule are high in our body… but
as we get older, and as these mice in our
experiments got older, the levels went down
about 50 per cent and then we could give this
drug to bring the levels back up again."


To try and cheat mice organisms into
producing more SIRT-1, the scientists injected
the 22-month old mice with nicotinamide
mono nucleotide (NMN) – a molecule directly
responsible for the levels of NAD, which
conversely is known to lead to an increase in
SIRT-1.
The experiment worked.

Professor Sinclair was astonished, telling Cell
that “the mice had more energy, their muscles
were as though they'd be exercising and it was
able to mimic the benefits of diet and exercise
just within a week.”
As a result, human trials appear not to be far
off. "We think that should be able to keep
people healthier for longer and keep them
from getting diseases of aging," Sinclair
continued, adding that the diseases we have
come to expect of old age have been
drastically reversed in mice: muscle atrophy
dropped, and so did inflammations – which
lead to arthritis. And the most important
muscle in the body – the heart – simply
reversed in age as a result.
All this happened in just one week.
And the startling results have scientists
seriously considering human trials within the
next year, as Sinclair himself confirms that
they would like to make the compound
available commercially soon.
Of course without rigorous testing on humans,
this is not yet a possibility, but the professor
has set up a company dedicated to just that. It
is no easy task, as the costs are projected to
be in the millions. But so far, money is the
only challenge, so we may as well start to get
ready to live longer, given what we have just
learned.
http://rt.com/news/mice-humans-age-reverse-551/

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