Welcome, Guest: Register On Nairaland / LOGIN! / Trending / Recent / NewStats: 3,224,259 members, 8,058,672 topics. Date: Tuesday, 21 January 2025 at 03:02 PM |
Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Education / Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} (10101 Views)
2016 NAIRALAND JAMB TUTORIAL {the Physics Thread } / Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre. {NJTC} / Biology Thread (2) (3) (4)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (Reply) (Go Down)
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by clevvermind(m): 12:25am On Nov 28, 2014 |
i hope you people will finish what you've started. 1 Like |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Olaskybab: 5:32am On Nov 28, 2014 |
agafiya:dere ar some hormones which affect Character/Behaviour..... An hormone calld ADRENALINE wey dey ontop kidney if e 2 much 4 one's body,na wahala o....d persn go dey vex always datz a gud example,go nd read more on it. |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by agafiya: 7:10am On Nov 28, 2014 |
Microflux:Alright! |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by agafiya: 7:11am On Nov 28, 2014 |
Microflux: |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by agafiya: 7:13am On Nov 28, 2014 |
Olaskybab:Thanks! more to research on. |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Nobody: 2:58pm On Nov 28, 2014 |
Good morning class! Today we are going to consider. STRUCTURE OF DNA DNA[deoxyribonucleic acid] is made up of two chains of small chemical units called NuCLEOTIDES. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar called deoxribose and a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous base are purines and pryrimidine. This are likely jamb question take note. The purines are adenine [A] and guanine [G] while d pyrimidies ar thymine [T] and cytosine ]C[. The nucleotides are twisted into each oda 2 form a doubu helix, sumtin lyk a spiral staircase. The chemical structure of dis bases are bond in certain patern as adenine always join thymine and guanine always join cytosine. In other words the nitrogenous base from one chain <purine> links up with a compatible base 'pyrimidine' of the oposit chain lyk rungs or steps of ladder, i knw u hv sin a ladder b4. The 4 bases of the DNA chains are held 2geda by hydrogen bonds. The diagram below i structure of DNA is like ladder ii it z twisted into a helix in nature.
|
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Nobody: 3:44pm On Nov 28, 2014 |
What DNA Does DNA carries all of the information for your physical characteristics, which are essentially determined by proteins. So, DNA contains the instructions for making a protein. In DNA, each protein is encoded by agene(a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides that specify how a single protein is to be made). Specifically, the order of nucleotides within a gene specifies the order and types of amino acids that must be put together to make a protein. A protein is made of a long chain of chemicals calledamino acidsProteins have many functions: *.Enzymesthat carry out chemical reactions (such as digestive enzymes) *.Structural proteinsthat are building materials (such as collagen and nail keratin) *.Transport proteinsthat carry substances (such as oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in blood) *.Contraction proteinsthat cause muscles to compress (such as actin and myosin) *.Storage proteinsthat hold on to substances (such as albumin in egg whites and iron-storing ferritin in your spleen) *.Hormones- chemical messengers between cells (including insulin, estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, et cetera) *.Protective proteins- antibodies of the immune system, clotting proteins in blood *.Toxins- poisonous substances, (such as bee venom and snake venom) The particular sequence of amino acids in the chain is what makes one protein different from another. This sequence is encoded in the DNA where one gene encodes for one protein. 1 Like |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Microtee(m): 4:23pm On Nov 28, 2014 |
Gbam... I don land. |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Nobody: 6:39pm On Nov 28, 2014 |
DNA replicates, encodes, manages cellular functions and can mutate. Since James Watson and Francis Crick revealed the structure of DNA, know the name of this two men. it has been accepted as the molecule of heredity. Before their discovery, the scientific community retained some skepticism that DNA was up to the job, because it seemed too simple a molecule to perform the four necessary functions: replication, encoding, cell management and the ability to mutate. The unique structure of DNA allows it to fulfill all these functions. Replication Cells in a multicellular organism must duplicate many times, and even single cells have to duplicate when they divide. Whatever molecule carries genetic information must be capable of copying itself in an almost error- free manner. DNA is made of four bases, abbreviated A, C, G and T. DNA is a double-stranded molecule, where an A in one strand always matches with a T in another strand, and a C always matches with a G. If the two strands of DNA are separated and a new strand is built, it will use the pattern of the existing strand to construct an exact copy, because where there was an A across from the T in the original, there will be an A across from the T in the copy. Encoding The work of each cell is done by proteins, so one of the roles of DNA is to build the right proteins for every cell. DNA fills this role by containing three-base sections -- called codons -- that direct the formation of proteins. In a long stretch of DNA, each codon contains the information that directs the assembly of one amino acid onto a protein. Different codons correspond to the assembly of another amino acid onto a protein, so a whole section of DNA with a given sequence of bases will build a specific protein. Cellular Management In multicellular organisms, a single fertilized cell, a zygote, divides and duplicates many times to make an entire living being. Each cell has exactly the same genetic material, but different cells develop in different fashions. That is, in a process called differentiation some cells build the right proteins to become liver cells, and others become skin cells, others stomach cells. In addition, cells must change the way they operate as conditions change. Your stomach cells, for instance, have to produce more digestive hormones and enzymes when food is present. DNA does this through signals that turn on and off the production of proteins involved in digestion. The same kind of thing happens as cells differentiate: Signals trigger the right levels of protein production to form the appropriate cell. The Ability to Mutate Evolution is the change in characteristics as generations of an organism are produced. Evolution happens on small scales within an organism -- such as changes in skin or hair color in humans -- and also on large scales -- such as the creation of the vast range of life on Earth from an early single-celled organism. That can only happen if the genetic molecule can change, can mutate. As DNA replicates to make egg and sperm cells, changes can creep in on several levels. One way is through single-point changes that add, subtract or change an existing sequence. Other changes happen when DNA molecules cross each other, switching the arrangement of genes on each of the two crossed strands of DNA. Read carefully again and again this are areas JAMB loves to set their question. |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Abasstoheeb(m): 10:22pm On Nov 28, 2014 |
welldone guy |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by labimide: 11:49pm On Nov 28, 2014 |
Microflux: That's fertilization. On the other hand, gametogenesis is the process of formation of gametes (spermatozoa and ova) through meiosis. You mentioned this later anyway. Well done. |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by labimide: 12:05am On Nov 29, 2014 |
Microflux:but it would seem that hormones are coded for by genes (ref: X & Y xsomes). So, I'll go for E. |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Nobody: 12:13am On Nov 29, 2014 |
labimide:bruh normally is b4 the question. So its hormone |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by labimide: 12:19am On Nov 29, 2014 |
Microflux: Regardless, hormones are products of genes. |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Nobody: 1:27am On Nov 29, 2014 |
a new tutor has opted in. His name z pennyways. U ar higly welcum. 1 Like |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by faithugo64(f): 3:43am On Nov 29, 2014 |
following |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by heykims(m): 7:43am On Nov 29, 2014 |
Microflux:Sorry to interrupt.. Environments re also normal phenomena in life. Regardless of the answer in the series booklet, I go for E Normally d character exhibited phenotypically is d inherent gene carried by the individual influenced by the environment. If monozygotic (identical) twins carries gene for tallness but d twins re separated immediately after birth with one taken to Europe nd raised in an average community nd d other remaining nd raised in Nigeria, d twin raised in Europe will surely be taller than d one raised in an average Nigerian society. This is a classical example of an interaction btw gene and environment which is NORMAL. 4 Likes |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Nobody: 7:55am On Nov 29, 2014 |
heykims:ok |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Nobody: 8:09am On Nov 29, 2014 |
Today we are moving to somatic cell Somatic cell A somatic cell is generally taken to mean any cell forming the body of an organism. Somatic cells, by definition, are not germline cells. In mammals, germline cells are the sperm and ova (also known as "gametes" which fuse during fertilization to produce a cell called a zygote, from which the entire mammalian embryo develops. Every other cell type in the mammalian body, apart from the sperm and ova, the cells from which they are made (gametocytes) and undifferentiated stem cells, is a somatic cell; internal organs skin, bones, blood and connective tissue are all made up of somatic cells. |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Pennyways: 10:54am On Nov 29, 2014 |
Microflux:thanks so much for the privilege. I promise to contribute as much as I can to this section |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Bhuumhite(f): 11:39am On Nov 29, 2014 |
following....i pray and hope this doesnt stop midway |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by heykims(m): 12:37pm On Nov 29, 2014 |
clevvermind:It is gradually becoming obvious what d answer to this question is.. |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by clevvermind(m): 12:38pm On Nov 29, 2014 |
heykims:is what? |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Pennyways: 12:40pm On Nov 29, 2014 |
REGULATION OF INTERNAL ENVIROMENT now we gonna study about the regulation of internal enviroment in other words known as homeostasis most of you must be familiar with this word but might not really know what in means. the cells of multicellular organism are bathed in body fluids such as blood, lymph and intercellular fluids. these fluids make up the internal enviroment of the organism. this internal enviroment must be kept fairly constant for health, growth and effcient functioning of the body cells. faliure to do that may result to death. Maintaining of a steady internal enviroment is knows as hemeostasis. An organism regulates its internal enviroment and keeps it in a steady state by constantly ajusting any changes in the physical and chemical conditions of its body fluids. This conditions include temperature, PH (hydrogen ion concentration) osmotic pressure and concentrations of dissolved substances in the body fluids such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, urea, food substances (glucose, amino acids, etc) and ions (sodium, potassium, chloride, etc) Homeostatic processes is the control of the body meachanism such as detecting and ajusting changes in the internal enviroment of an organism. Usually sensory detectors recognise a change in a given condition and stimulate the relevant body parts involved in control of the body. these parts recieve signals, interpret them and send out instructions to the appropriate effector organs or glands to react and restore the normal state. Such control mechanism is known as homeostatic processes. Part involved in homeostasis are: hormones kidneys liver and skin although these organs play an important role in homeostasis, the brain has the overall control over the homeostasis processes in the animal body. my next lesson will be on the HORNONES 2 Likes |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by heykims(m): 12:43pm On Nov 29, 2014 |
clevvermind:I made a complete sentence sire 1 Like |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Nobody: 1:22pm On Nov 29, 2014 |
Pennyways:pls teach body cell. Dats akordin to the sylabus i posted on page 0 |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by clevvermind(m): 1:28pm On Nov 29, 2014 |
heykims:check it again 1 Like |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Nobody: 3:09pm On Nov 29, 2014 |
Following |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Nobody: 3:16pm On Nov 29, 2014 |
Seat booked |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by DelePhd: 3:46pm On Nov 29, 2014 |
I did something similar to this early this year before Nairaland was hacked. The thread was based on the book, Explicit Biology, which to my knowledge is the best textbook for JAMB biology. As a teacher,it is the textbook that I use to teach my JAMB students. According to the author, O.J. Olaoye, he said, The JAMB-UTME biology syllabus is divided into five sections and questions are usually weighted as shown below: Section A: Variety of organisms – 7-9 questions Section B: Form and Function – 18-20 questions Section C: Ecology – 9-11 questions Section D: Heredity and Variation –4- 5 questions Section E: Evolution – 4- 5 questions Total number of questions = 50
|
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by DelePhd: 7:09am On Nov 30, 2014 |
Ladies and Gentlemen, with the kind permission of the author (O.J. OLAOYE) of the number one textbook for JAMB Chemistry/Biology (EXplicit Chemistry - A Revision Course & Explicit Biology - A Revision Course). You can now get a free copy of excerpt of the book in pdf. Interested prospective JAMBite writing Chemistry/Biology should send me a mail to methyldelene@yahoo.com with the subject, FREE EXPLICIT CHEMISTR/BIOLOGY PDF. N.B: Please don't drop your e-mail address here in other not to derail this thread. Goodluck! 1 Like 2 Shares |
Re: Nairaland Jamb Tutorial Centre {Biology Thread} by Dsd1pumpking(m): 7:13am On Dec 01, 2014 |
Microflux:Plz sir, try and create a whatsapp group to facilitate an easy chat. We're ready to co-operate,just leave your number .tnk |
Best Computer Courses To Study To Get Jobs Easily! ----------------------------- / A Yabatech Student? / Whi
Viewing this topic: 2 guest(s)
(Go Up)
Sections: politics (1) business autos (1) jobs (1) career education (1) romance computers phones travel sports fashion health religion celebs tv-movies music-radio literature webmasters programming techmarket Links: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Nairaland - Copyright © 2005 - 2025 Oluwaseun Osewa. All rights reserved. See How To Advertise. 61 |