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Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 9:29am On Feb 15, 2015 |
[size=18pt]THE MAITATSINE RISINGS IN NIGERIA 1980-85: A REVOLT OF THE DISINHERITED [/size] BY ELIZABETH ISICHEI (Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand) Maitatsine was the nickname of a Cameroonian religious teacher who died a violent death in Kano, Nigeria, in 1980. His teachings were deeply heterodox-he claimed to be a Prophet. In December 1980, his followers in Kano revolted; the city was convulsed by what was virtually civil war, and 4177 died, among them Maitatsine himself. In October, 1982 a new rising broke out at Bulumkutu, 15 kilometres from Maiduguri, far to the east. 3,350 were killed. Fighting also broke out in Rigasa village, near Kaduna, which spread into the city. In March, 1984 there was an outbreak of violence in Yola, the capital of Gongola State, which left between 500 and 1,000 dead. In April, 1985, there was yet another rising in Gombe, in Bauchi State, when over a hundred were killed. His followers are usually called "Maitatsine"; the movement is also known as Kalo Kato. This paper studies these risings, and the social forces which produced them. It also outlines other recent manifestations of militant Islam, in northern Nigeria, which have sometimes led to conflict. |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by iamodenigbo1(m): 9:31am On Feb 15, 2015 |
following 1 Like |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 9:33am On Feb 15, 2015 |
The Leader In 1980, Muhammadu Marwa was a slightly built man in his late fifties. He came from Marwa, in Cameroun. His nickname Maitatsine developed because he would say, in halting Hausa " Wanda bata yarda ba Allah ta Tchine", "May Allah curse the one who disagrees with his version"--thus, Mai Tachine, later rendered more accurately as Maitatsine. He had had a long history as a dissident preacher in Kano, and had been imprisoned and deported in 1962, but later returned. His followers had been involved in a clash at the mosque in Kano's Sabongari in 1972, and there had been an increasing number of clashes and arrests in 1979 and 1980. He lived in an area of Kano called Yan Awaki. Many of his followers lived with him-two thousand according to one estimate. He supported them from donations from prosperous sympathisers and by the alms they solicited, which, according to one of his wives, brought in 200 Naira a day. His enclave increasingly seemed an imperium in imperio. Local residents complained, and there were some clashes. Later, the government of Kano State, (then ruled by the People's Redemption Party, under Governor Abubakar Rimi) and the Nigerian Security Organization were blamed for not taking action sooner. Presumably Rimi hoped, by being conciliatory, to avoid violence-on one occasion he actually invited Maitatsine's envoys to lunch, much to the disapproval of the Aniagolu commission! There seems, too, to have been a breakdown of communication between the various organs of government-both the Kano State Governor and the Secretary to the state government first learned of the existence of a State Security Commission during the Aniagolu commission's sittings. A police report of October 1980 stated, "Religious fanatics numbering about 2,000 occupied Yan Awaki Quarters in Kano City...when any member is arrested and charged to Court, they will not attend...They constitute their area into a private republic not accessible to other people." |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by temitemi1(m): 9:33am On Feb 15, 2015 |
North n human blood ... GEJ till 2019!!! 9 Likes |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by DickDastardly(m): 9:44am On Feb 15, 2015 |
North with HATE for self and others since Lugard passed on 2 Likes |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by lacasa: 9:45am On Feb 15, 2015 |
2 Likes |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by lacasa: 9:46am On Feb 15, 2015 |
@ Op U get serious work to do, I swear #March4Buhari 2 Likes |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 9:50am On Feb 15, 2015 |
His Teachings Maitatsine's most glaring departure from orthodoxy was his claim to be a prophet. He was obviously a charismatic personality, deeply convinced of his calling. After the Kano riots of 1980, one of his leading lieutenants, who incidentally wore remarkable panoply of home-made armour, had a Hausa inscription round his neck which mirrors this well: If I were cut into pieces and I die, I will come back again. There is no worthless person like Muhammadu Allah (sc. the Prophet Muhammad). ...If I die, animosity ends, madness ends, paganism and unbelieving end...since the creation of man there was no infidel like Prophet Annabi Isa (sc. Jesus) The learned and influential Alhaji Abubakar Gummi, who was Grand Khadi of the Northern Region in the First Republic, described Maitatsine as one of "a trail of one-track minded Malams versed only in the recitation of the Quran by heart, and not fully comprehending what it contained." Maitatsine's recorded teachings include "that any Muslim who reads any book beside the Koran is a pagan." He also condemned "any Muslim who includes "Allah akbar" in his prayer, reads the Tahita, or says "Atahiyat Rak Ataine" after prayer."'' There were reports that after his death, copies of the Quran in his house had the name of the Prophet replaced by his own.' In 1982, in Borno, "They preached that Maitatsine was their true prophet...They then called on all their followers to desist from mentioning the name of Prophet Mohammed whom they referred to as an Arab." The other basic strand in his teaching was his complete rejection of affluence, western materialism and western technology. Ever since the British conquest of northern Nigeria, in the opening years of this century, northern Muslim theologians had been faced with the dilemma-should they resist the British, flee from them, or accept their regime as the will of God? Each of these three courses of action was adopted by many individuals-those who accepted office in the new dispensation, the princes and peasants who died at Burmi, or the large band who settled permanently in what is now the Republic of Sudan. Throughout the colonial era, there was always an intransigent minority who rejected every manifestation of the western world. The poet, writing in c. 1930, who warned his readers of the spiritual dangers of hurricane lamps, walking sticks, flashlights and pyjamas, was rather an extreme example: Towel and washing blue and powder, whoever uses them Certainly on the last Day the Fire is his dwelling. Maitatsine was in this tradition, "preaching that anyone wearing a watch, or riding a bicycle, or driving a car, or sending his child to the normal State schools was an infidel." 16 It was said that some of his followers would walk great distances rather than travel by bus or car. His followers called non sect members infidels (Kafirai), and "were told not to believe generally in earthly possessions of luxuries" and to regard rich Muslims "with extreme abhorrence and contempt." As 1980 progressed, Maitatsine seems to have been increasingly convinced of the inevitability of a violent confrontation. The increasing number of incidents between his followers and the police gave him a sense of encirclement and threat. He seems, too, to have been emotionally affected by the death of his beloved eldest son. To the Aniagolu commission, he was a monster of iniquity, his sole redeeming feature being that he paid his taxes punctiliously. |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 9:50am On Feb 15, 2015 |
lacasa: fool 5 Likes |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 9:54am On Feb 15, 2015 |
Kano 1980 On 18 December, 1980, four police units were sent to Shahauci playground, an open space near Maitatsine's headquarters, to arrest some of his preachers. The police were ambushed and routed by men attacking suddenly from all directions, "using hatchets, bows and arrows, swords, clubs, dane-guns, daggers and other similar dangerous weapons." The next day, the "fanatics"-as they are always called in the Nigerian press-moved into other parts of Kano. The New Nigerian called it all "a major war." Houses, traders' stalls, an abbatoir, cinemas and vehicles were burnt and the rising was only put down by the joint action of the army and air force. When it was all over, 4,177 had died, according to official figures. Even at this point in time, the movement was not confined to Kano. There had been an earlier clash at Jos, on 2 Sept., 1980 when about three hundred sect members fought the police and overpowered them, but then, inexplicably, left for Kano. Six bus loads of reinforcements came to Maitatsine's aid from Sokoto, armed with bows and arrows; they had asked the drivers to take them to Yan Awaki to help him, but were deflected before they arrived. Maitatsine was wounded in the leg, and died as a result of his injury. His body buried by his followers, was exhumed and cremated by the authorities, in the vain hope of preventing a continuation of his cult. His supporters were variously numbered between three and ten thousand. A significant proportion of them came from other West African countries; thus of 449 imprisoned in Kano Central Prison, 135 came from Niger Republic. After the rising, many "fanatics" scattered to other states, taking their message with them. Hundreds were in prison, where they posed a problem, partly because of their sheer numbers partly because of uncertainty about the most appropriate charge. In the end they were released-the last batch of 923 were pardoned on 1 October, 1982, in what was later much blamed as misguided clemency. 223 of these were foreigners, who were deported. |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by lacasa: 9:55am On Feb 15, 2015 |
1 Like |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 9:56am On Feb 15, 2015 |
Bulumkutu and Rigasa, 1982 On 26 October, 1982, another rising broke out, this time, at Bulumkutu, a hamlet 15 kilometres from Maiduguri. It followed the same pattern-a police search and arrests, followed by an attack by "fanatics" armed with "guns, cutlasses, daggers and clubs." Four days of fierce fighting followed, in which 3,350 were killed. Many of the dead could not be identified, as their eyes, ears, tongues and noses had been removed, "according to the traditions of the Maitatsine sect." On 29 October, there was a new outbreak of violence, at another state capital, hundreds of miles away, in Kaduna. An Assistant Commission of Police-who lost his life-went to Rigasa village, near Kaduna, to investigate reports that "fanatics", fleeing from Maiduguri, had regrouped there. The disturbance spread into the city. "...there was a stampede in Kaduna metropolis." Most of those who died were sect members, who were killed by the civilian population. There had been some vigilante activity during the Kano riots-men with staves, mounting roadblocks. Now it reached disquieting proportions, "Fears were being expressed that people who were innocent might have become victims of either the fanatics or the vigilantes in near equal measures. "Some "fanatics" fled to Kagoro; others were caught boarding a train to Port Harcourt. On 30 October, 1982 there was yet another outbreak-in Kano. This was unconnected with Maitatsine. Muslims, thought to be students, attempted to destroy a church in Fegge, which, they felt, was being built too close to a mosque. The police, forewarned, prevented them; the students went on a rampage damaging other churches, hotels, and cars. This was profoundly alarming-for the first time, Muslims were attacking Christians. Three were killed, and others injured. These three almost simultaneous outbreaks had a deeply unsettling effect on public opinion. When a fight broke out between two people in a Zaria market, a panic developed. "Economic life was virtually at a standstill in Jos and Bauchi because of similar rumors." |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by kestolove95(m): 9:56am On Feb 15, 2015 |
It was ended by gej abi 1 Like |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 9:56am On Feb 15, 2015 |
6 Likes |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 9:59am On Feb 15, 2015 |
Yola, 1984 The next Maitatsine rising was in the Jimeta ward of Yola, the capital of Gongola State; it broke out on 27 February, 1984. The Maitatsine Risings in Nigeria 1980-85 sect members had fled from Maiduguri to Yola after the 1982 rising was suppressed. They had been left in peace there, because they seemed law abiding, but after an intelligence report suggested that they were becoming a danger, police were sent to arrest them. Fierce fighting broke out, which was only ended by the combined intervention of the army and air force, which included the bombing of the rebel enclave. Estimates of the dead ranged from 700 to 1000. The "fanatics" fought in three well organised groups-a defence group, led by Alhaji Musa Makanaki (as his name suggest, a motor mechanic from Gombe), an assault group led by Bagobiri, a barber from Yawuri, Sokoto state, and an ambush group led by Danbarno, a cobbler from Borno.Yola central market was destroyed-a great blow to the 2,000 traders who had earned their living there-and half the 60,000 inhabitants of Jimeta were left homeless. There was one other incident that year, which remains obscure: bows and arrows were allegedly seized from 6,000 suspected "fanatics" in Lagos. Such a large concentration, so far to the south, seems improbable. It suggests a question-how can a Maitatsine follower be identified? |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 10:03am On Feb 15, 2015 |
Gombe, 1985 On 29 April, 1985, there was a further rising, this time in Gombe, the home of Musa Makanaki (who had escaped from Yola). A number of sect members had been living together in a partly built house in Pantami ward. Others had been harboured by a local businessman. Following complaints by neighbours, police went to arrest them. Fighting broke out, and sect members moved into central Gombe. They seemed to be fighting with considerable discipline and knowledge of weaponry; one newspaper claimed that an ex-Biafran soldier who was arrested joined them as a mercenary. 101 were killed, half of them sect members. Hundreds were imprisoned, but the familiar problem resurfaced- "Nobody seemed to know what to do with them." Ominously, their leader, Yusufu Adamu, and many followers escaped. Again, the fear of violence hung like a dark shadow over other cities. A lunatic beheaded a child in Yola, and panic ensued, because he was assumed to be a follower of Maitatsine. In Jos, rumours spread, stating the exact locations where sect members were thought to be gathering. Members of the public read in the local newspaper, "fear of fanatics in Jos unfounded" -and were not reassured. A mobile policeman told a journalist, in Gombe: We saw one old woman carrying water towards a one-storey building...Somebody asked her if she did not know that there was trouble in the area. She replied that those who do not know matches should not teach people about fire. And she continued moving. A problem which puzzled the police and confronts the analyst is-how does one identify a sect member? Many sources mention distinguishing physical signs, such as indelible stains on the abdomen. One source described tattoos on the backs of sect members-dots and an X inside a circle at Kano, an X inside a circle at Bulumkutu, and an X only atJimeta. But at Gombe, "The Deputy Commissioner said the talk about marks was all hocus pocus. Some of them had marks, and some of them have close shaven heads. Others look just like any ordinary citizen." This informant claimed that sect members wore two sets of clothes-to help them escape-but generally speaking, identification posed a problem, whether for police or vigilantes, and any vagrant from Chad was likely to be suspected in a situation of crisis. It is equally difficult to know whether preachers who denounce materialism and the western world in isolated incidents were sect members, or had evolved a similar message independently. Two preachers who were beaten to death in Kano in 1980 were probably members, given the place and time. They condemned those who owned motor vehicles, those who worked for a living, and those who went to the mosque with money in their pockets. But what of the preacher in a Sokoto village who narrowly escaped mob violence, in 1978-he "remarked that all Muslims who sent their children to schools and worked to earn salaries were infidels." In every rising, the sect members fought with the courage of those to whom death is the gateway to paradise. The Kano rebels recited an Arabic verse, given them by their leaders:- Allah will defend you against them; Destroy them with the wish of Allah; Don't you see how the Lord dealt with the people of the Elephant; Didn't Almighty put their intention to destruction and stray? And the birds were sent on them which threw on them stones from fire; And were left like burnt stalks. 1 Like |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by lacasa: 10:14am On Feb 15, 2015 |
WombRaiders: If only your empty words were sticks & stones See username o |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by lacasa: 10:15am On Feb 15, 2015 |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 10:20am On Feb 15, 2015 |
The Conspiracy Theory Since immigrants from elsewhere in West Africa and especially the Sahel, were undoubtedly very active in the Maitatsine movement, it was tempting to see it all as a foreign conspiracy. Contemporary newspaper accounts of the Kano riots ascribed them to a variety of alien influences-among them the Israel-based al Masifu sect, which had attempted to capture the Ka'aba during the 1979 Hajj. The People's Redemption Party ruled Kano State in 1980, and lost much credibility because of the riots-PRP dignitaries claimed that they were the result of a sinister alliance between Awolowo's Unity Party of Nigeria and the Israeli secret service! Others suspected the intervention of Pakistan, Iran, or Ghadaffi's Libya. The Aniagolu Commission found no evidence for any of these theories and rejected them. There were other versions of the conspiracy theory. A radical columnist explained Maitatsine, most improbably, as a Machiavellian device of the ruling class. "We honestly believe that the riots are a calculated attempt to deliberately remove attention from the dismal facts of life haunting various homes in Nigeria." Nigeria's rulers had their own version of the conspiracy theory. The Governor of Niger State called Maitatsine "a front for a Mafia which is operated, manipulated, directed and financed by unpatriotic Nigerians in connivance with foreign elements to destabilise the country." He "dismissed the claim by some people that retrenchment and lack of employment opportunities had made this group to destroy lives and properties." Similarly, a standard response to any new rising is to blame the Nigerian Security Organization. To most Nigerians, the recurrence of these risings is, in the words of an editorial in The Standard, "shocking, rocking and unbelievable." Maitatsine has become a bogeyman, and his followers, called "vampires" or "satanic" in the press, haunt the nightmares of little children. One returns to the words of the Aniagolu Commission: Because of the very wide gap between the rich and the poor in our society...they were more than prepared to rise against the society at the slightest opportunity. After all, they did not have much to lose...This regrettable social situation in our society ought to be remedied immediately else it will continue to provide the required recruitment potential for disenchanted men like Marwa to rebel against the society |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 10:23am On Feb 15, 2015 |
As we can see the Maitassine uprising continued well into Buhari's regime. Decree 4 which seriously gagged the Press obviously did not allow the insurrection to get as much press coverage as it was during the Shagari regime which the SW controlled press reported serially in order to further discredit the Shagari regime. 2 Likes |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 10:27am On Feb 15, 2015 |
The insurrection by this group is far different from the Boko Haram insurgency as the Maitassine riots where mainly consisted of the lower dredges of northern Nigeria and destitute immigrants from neighboring west African countries. Pls read my differentiation of Boko Haram and the Maitassine uprising and see why both movements are totally different in tactics, support base and organization: WombRaiders: |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Sunymoore(m): 10:32am On Feb 15, 2015 |
Apologies to Christian. But fuckingggg CAN invented mai tatsine... The bastard was sponsored by CAN, they sent him to Sudan where he learnt about Islam! Professor O exposed their assss, and till today nobody sue him to court... |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 10:33am On Feb 15, 2015 |
Sunymoore: And I guess Boko as well? |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Sunymoore(m): 10:35am On Feb 15, 2015 |
WombRaiders:I don't know of Boko |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 10:41am On Feb 15, 2015 |
Sunymoore: You must have at least an idea who is behind bokos. No matter how frivolous, I will like to hear your views. 2 Likes |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by zeelo2014: 10:44am On Feb 15, 2015 |
very interesting read. Following |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Sunymoore(m): 10:50am On Feb 15, 2015 |
WombRaiders:Do you want me to tell you lies? Guy let me tell you something, I witnessed the start of Boko haram. I have seen Muhammad Yusuf before the war started. In fact I was born and bred in Yobe State! So spare me.... I almost lost my life in four deadly attacks.. The first December 2014 attack occurred while I was in school, writing my finals.. They attacked the mobile police base, which we share 'border' with. So I personally have first hand harm of Boko haram |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 10:57am On Feb 15, 2015 |
Sunymoore: I did not ask for your bio but what your thoughts are in what or who fuels this insurgency in the northeast. 2 Likes |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by VcStunner(m): 11:00am On Feb 15, 2015 |
A̶̲̥̅♏ on this one |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 11:07am On Feb 15, 2015 |
Maitatsine was crushed in 1984 by buhari. They were nowhere to be seen. They resurrected again in 1985 under IBB and were sent six feet. No jihadist group raised their heads all through the Military regime. In 2001 a jihadist group loyal to taliban raised their heads in Yobe State, Obasanjo crushed them. They scampered for safety. In 2009 July, Boko Haram raised their head (probably an offshoot of various predecessors) and was crushed within 4 DAYS by Yaradua. They fled for safety. In September 2010 under GEJ they came again and has been reigning supreme-by God grace they will be crushed. The bottomline is they keep coming and testing the might of every government. We need a comprehensive solution once and for all. 1 Like |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Sunymoore(m): 11:08am On Feb 15, 2015 |
WombRaiders: I gave you brief 'bio' so as to have comprehensive information.... You see, during Yar'adua's time when Boko started, the man dealt with them seriously, at that time the bastard leader Muhammad Yusuf was arrested by the then conpitent army, they handled him to the police so as to detain him, but the police hurriedly shot him to death. Since the occurrence of the incident, we the citizens of Yobe knew something was wrong, because the police wudnt have waste the man without interrogation. To be continued |
Re: Maitasine Uprising Was Not Ended By Buhari! by Nobody: 11:09am On Feb 15, 2015 |
barcanista: WombRaiders: |
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