Seems corruption is making some people too busy to understand their responsibilities to the citizenry.
One would have expected the Information minister at least together with the ministry of health to issue a red alert on this thing to curtail it before it gets out of hand


What is Lassa fever?
Lassa fever is an acute viral illness that occurs in West Africa. The illness was
discovered in 1969 when two missionary nurses died in Nigeria, West Africa. The
cause of the illness was found to be Lassa virus, named after the town in Nigeria
where the first cases originated. The virus, a member of the virus family
Arenaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus and is zoonotic, or animal-borne.
In areas of Africa where the disease is endemic (that is, constantly present), Lassa
fever is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. While Lassa fever is mild or
has no observable symptoms in about 80% of people infected with the virus, the
remaining 20% have a severe multisystem disease. Lassa fever is also associated
with occasional epidemics, during which the case-fatality rate can reach 50%.
Where is Lassa fever found?
Lassa fever is an endemic disease in portions of West Africa. It is recognized in
Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, as well as Nigeria. However, because the rodent species which carry the virus are
found throughout West Africa, the actual geographic range of the disease may extend to other countries in the
region.

How many people become infected?
The number of Lassa virus infections per year in West Africa is estimated at 100,000 to 300,000, with approximately
5,000 deaths. Unfortunately, such estimates are crude, because surveillance for cases of the disease is not
uniformly performed. In some areas of Sierra Leone and Liberia, it is known that 10%-16% of people admitted to
hospitals have Lassa fever, which indicates the serious impact of the disease on the population of this region.
In what animal host is Lassa virus maintained?
The reservoir, or host, of Lassa virus is a rodent known as the "multimammate rat" of the genus Mastomys. It is not
certain which species of Mastomys are associated with Lassa; however, at least two species carry the virus in Sierra
Leone. Mastomys rodents breed very frequently, produce large numbers of offspring, and are numerous in the
savannas and forests of West, Central, and East Africa. In addition, Mastomys generally readily colonize human
homes. All these factors together contribute to the relatively efficient spread of Lassa virus from infected rodents to
humans.

How do humans get Lassa fever?
There are a number of ways in which the virus may be transmitted, or spread, to humans. The Mastomys rodents
shed the virus in urine and droppings. Therefore, the virus can be transmitted through direct contact with these
materials, through touching objects or eating food contaminated with these materials, or through cuts or sores.
Because Mastomys rodents often live in and around homes and scavenge on human food remains or poorly stored
food, transmission of this sort is common. Contact with the virus also may occur when a person inhales tiny particles
in the air contaminated with rodent excretions. This is called aerosol or airborne transmission. Finally, because
Mastomys rodents are sometimes consumed as a food source, infection may occur via direct contact when they are
caught and prepared for food.
Lassa fever may also spread through person-to-person contact. This type of transmission occurs when a person
comes into contact with virus in the blood, tissue, secretions, or excretions of an individual infected with the Lassa
virus. The virus cannot be spread through casual contact (including skin-to-skin contact without exchange of body
fluids). Person-to-person transmission is common in both village and health care settings, where, along with the
above-mentioned modes of transmission, the virus also may be spread in contaminated medical equipment, such as
reused needles (this is called nosocomial transmission).

What are the symptoms of Lassa fever?
Signs and symptoms of Lassa fever typically occur 1-3 weeks after the patient comes into contact with the virus.
These include fever, retrosternal pain (pain behind the chest wall), sore throat, back pain, cough, abdominal pain,
vomiting, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, facial swelling, proteinuria (protein in the urine), and mucosal bleeding.
Neurological problems have also been described, including hearing loss, tremors, and encephalitis. Because the
symptoms of Lassa fever are so varied and nonspecific, clinical diagnosis is often difficult.

How is the disease diagnosed in the laboratory?
Lassa fever is most often diagnosed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assays (ELISA), which
detect IgM and IgG antibodies as well as Lassa antigen. The virus itself may be cultured in 7 to 10 days.
Immunohistochemistry performed on tissue specimens can be used to make a post-mortem diagnosis. The virus
can also be detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); however, this method is
primarily a research tool.

Are there complications after recovery?
The most common complication of Lassa fever is deafness. Various degrees of deafness occur in approximately
one-third of cases, and in many cases hearing loss is permanent. As far as is known, severity of the disease does
not affect this complication: deafness may develop in mild as well as in severe cases. Spontaneous abortion is
another serious complication.
What proportion of people die from the illness?
Approximately 15%-20% of patients hospitalized for Lassa fever die from the illness. However, overall only about
1% of infections with Lassa virus result in death. The death rates are particularly high for women in the third
trimester of pregnancy, and for fetuses, about 95% of which die in the uterus of infected pregnant mothers.
How is Lassa fever treated?
Ribavirin, an antiviral drug, has been used with success in Lassa fever patients. It has been shown to be most
effective when given early in the course of the illness. Patients should also receive supportive care consisting of
maintenance of appropriate fluid and electrolyte balance, oxygenation and blood pressure, as well as treatment of
any other complicating infections.
What groups are at risk for getting the illness?
Individuals at risk are those who live or visit areas with a high population of Mastomys rodents infected with Lassa
virus or are exposed to infected humans. Hospital staff are not at great risk for infection as long as protective
measures are taken.

How is Lassa fever prevented?
Primary transmission of the Lassa virus from its host to humans can be prevented by avoiding contact with
Mastomys rodents, especially in the geographic regions where outbreaks occur. Putting food away in rodent-proof
containers and keeping the home clean help to discourage rodents from entering homes. Using these rodents as a
food source is not recommended. Trapping in and around homes can help reduce rodent populations. However, the
wide distribution of Mastomys in Africa makes complete control of this rodent reservoir impractical.
When caring for patients with Lassa fever, further transmission of the disease through person-to-person contact or
nosocomial routes can be avoided by taking preventive precautions against contact with patient secretions (together
called VHF isolation precautions or barrier nursing methods). Such precautions include wearing protective clothing,
such as masks, gloves, gowns, and goggles; using infection control measures, such as complete equipment
sterilization; and isolating infected patients from contact with unprotected persons until the disease has run its
course.

What needs to be done to address the threat of Lassa fever?
Further educating people in high-risk areas about ways to decrease rodent populations in their homes will aid in the
control and prevention of Lassa fever. Other challenges include developing more rapid diagnostic tests and
increasing the availability of the only known drug treatment, ribavirin. Research is presently under way to develop a
vaccine for Lassa fever


Source: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/Fact_Sheets/Lassa_Fever_Fact_Sheet.pdf

CC: Seun

better than ebola

May GOD saves us
Pls nairalanders,how do i post new thread on nairaland,sometimes i do have breakings new and job alerts that could be of help to some readers bt dont know how to post them.pls tell me the steps.

Nice work op. This is at least less scary in comparison with Ebola

fmc1:
May GWe OD saves us
Pls nairalanders,how do i post new thread on nairaland,sometimes i do have breakings new and job alerts that could be of help to some readers bt dont know how to post them.pls tell me the steps.

Like seriously?

I was going to create a similar topic. Please this is very important life-saving info and it should be taken seriously.


More on Prevention of the spread:
It is important to promote good hygiene. Here are some more measures to keep in place:

· Avoid contact between rats and human beings;

· Keep your house and Environment clean

· Cover all food and water properly.

· Cook all food thoroughly

· Store foodstuffs in rodent proof containers

· Block all rat hideouts

· If you suspect that rat has eaten any food, discard it

· Family members should always be careful to avoid contact with blood and body fluids while caring for sick persons.

· Disposing of garbage far from the home, maintaining clean households

· Effective measures include storing grain and other foodstuffs in rodent-proof containers.

. Wash fruits thoroughly before eating and rinse canned drinks before taking them.

On 06-01-2015, the minister of health confirmed that the fever has spread into eight states namely : Bauchi, Nasarawa, Niger, Taraba, Kano, Rivers, Edo and Oyo.

Please share with all your contacts esp those in rural areas.


Cc: lalasticlala