AQUACULTURE:- FISH FARMING (Do It Yourself)

INTRODUCTION
Fish farming is an aspect of agricultural production, offering employment opportunity, creating wealth from land that is primarily considered unsuitable for conventional agriculture.
Fish farming called Aquaculture is gradually becoming a mainstay due to the recent diversification of the economy to agriculture in Nigeria.It is a highly technical enterprise suggesting that prospective investors must be armed with sufficient and relevant information before investing.This write-up therefore is about providing relevant information to both prospective and practicing fish farmers.
Many books, blogs, seminars and trainings have no doubt dwell on fish farming but my write-up stands out due to the simplicity of its format, presentation and not boring the readers with unnecessary details. Whether you are a student, farmer or have relative interest in Aquaculture you can use this valuable information to the full as every aspect of practical fish farming has been covered from the very beginning to harvesting stage and beyond.

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DEFINITION OF FISH
Fish is a completely aquatic animal, a vertebrate characterised by the possession of gill for breathing, fin for swimming and a typical elongated body ending in a finned tail and usually covered with scale
NUTRITIVE VALUE
Fish is a highly palatable and digestible quality food. The flesh is rich in protein (90-92% of the dry weight) and a friendly fat (less than 2.0-1.8%).It supplies the body with inorganic minerals (phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc etc) as well as Vitamins A and B complex. Fish is recommended for cardiovascular disease patients because of its unique fat composed of omega -3fatty acid. Compared to beef and pork,fish is relatively cheaper and usually there is no religious taboo against its consumption.

THE ACTIVITIES IN FISH FARMING
FISH POND CONSTRUCTION
The bulk of the investment capital in fish farming goes into pond construction which are of two categories: Above-ground pond and Sunken earthen pond.
Above-ground pond
This is mostly used where space is limited e.g around the home. It may be constructed with cement-plastered stone chips, sandcrete blocks with a good plastering,pure concrete that is reinforced with iron rod, fabricated fiberglass or just simply plastic tank. As the name implies an above ground pond is like a water storage tank having an open top.
Earthen pond
An earthen pond is created by excavating soil from a selected site in a river,valley, or fadama,marshy or swamp land or by the side of the course of a perennial spring, stream or river.
PRODUCTION INPUTS
The major production inputs in a fish farm are water, seed fish, feed, liming materials, fertiliser and fishing net.
Water for filling the pond
Water for filling the pond may come from various sources, such as spring, stream, river, lake, underground, rainfall, public water supply etc
Seed Fish
Seed fish for stocking the pond may be at any of the three stages of growth
FRY:- The smallest sized young fish, 3-30 days after hatching
FINGERLING:- Medium sized young fish 6-10cm long
JUVENILE:- The largest sized young fish
Fish Feed
Carefully sifted maggots from decaying poultry droppings and white ants from an anthill are excellent protein sources for pond fish. Securing them could be messy and their availability inconsistent.Therefore,sustainable commercial fish farming invariably depends on compounded feed for optimising fish growth.
Miscellaneous production inputs
Other none the less important production inputs in fish farming includes
lime:- for neutralizing pond water acidity
Fertiliser:-for boosting the growth of phytoplanktons and pond weeds
Scoop-net:- for sampling pond fish
Drag-net:- for harvesting
others include weighing scale, plastic or metal containers.
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