A prominent research group in Switzerland put together a list of “estimated transfer values” for the most expensive footballers in Europe – and there is no room for 32-year-old forward Cristiano Ronaldo in the top 10.

Football think tank CIES Football Observatory adopts a ” scientific approach” to its methodology, taking into consideration six factors when putting a price on the head Europe’s top players:
1. Player performance: The quality and consistency of their form
2. Player performance in relation to their club: Are they the star player?
3. International status: How established are they for their country?
4. Contract : Players with longer deals are more expensive
5. Age: Younger players command higher fees
6. Position : Goal scorers are more expensive than goalkeepers

See the complete list of 15 most valuable footballers in Europe here