CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
A Gemstone or precious stone is a piece of attractive mineral crystal which, when cut and polished, is used to make jewelry and other forms of adornments. Gemstones or precious stones have fascinated humans for ages and have played various significant roles in the myths and legends of human cultures throughout history. Gemstones represent royalty, power, wealth and fame. The Egyptian Queen, Cleopatra, was known to adorn herself with beautiful emeralds.

The International Gemstone Trade is a Multi-billion dollar Trade. Trades in precious stones supply the gems that adorn kings, queens, movie stars and millionaires around the world. Those who extract these gems; those who distribute these beauties; and those who cut and polish these treasures are handsomely paid for their efforts. Each Gemstone has a unique color, shape, beauty, history and healing qualities. Prices of gemstones range from few dollars to above $10,000 per gram. Precious stones are usually valued based on quality and not quantity. This is based on the 4Cs: color, cut, carat weight and clarity. Rough uncut gems are measured in grams, while cut and polished gems are measured in carats. Five carts make one gram. 1000grams make one kilogram.

The Book, THE INTERNATIONAL GEM TRADE & HOW TO START GEMSTONE MINING IN NIGERIA by Ede O. Greg, is a combination of two aspects of the the Precious Stone business- extraction and trade. The Book is a kind of a Compass to the Treasure Island. Nigeria has the largest Gemstone deposits in the World, but this piece of explosive information has remained a secret. The gigantic magnitude of Gem deposits in Nigeria can only be imagined. While other major sources of gemstones are being depleted due to decades of massive extraction, Nigeria is yet to commence commercial mining of her huge gem reserves. As information continues to trickle out about the mountainous nature of unexploited Gemstone wealth in Nigeria, the Country is certainly the next destination for International Gemstones miners, dealers, investors, Treasure hunters, researchers and Industry experts. The Country is going to be on the center stage of the World Gemstone Industry within the next few years. Smart people are already taking up positions!

Gemstone Mining in Nigeria is still at elementary stage. No serious large scale mining is going on presently in the sector. Majority of what is going on is illegal mining. This Book is not designed for large scale miners, but for small scale beginners. The objective of the Book is to create awareness and activate interest in the huge Gem deposits in Nigeria. It is only through aggressive proliferation of small scale Gem mining that can attract interest from investors with the financial muscles for large scale operations.
Gemstone Mining and Trade go hand in hand. You cannot make a good Gem miner without an understanding of the whole Gem ecosystem. This Book covers all the topics that will help you have an overview of the Gem Industry. Major Gemstone websites are also included for further research.
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