SCANTY PERIOD / SPOTTING .

Scanty menstrual periods are periods in which the duration of blood flow is less than two days or the amount of blood flow is less than 80ml.

Most women though, use the term to mainly mean a decreased blood flow, even if the duration of the periods are more than 2 days. So here, the term ‘scanty periods’ has been used to describe both periods with a decreased blood flow, as well as periods with a duration of less than two days.

The medical term for less blood flow during periods is ‘hypomenorrhoea’. And when periods occur at more than a gap of 35 days, it is called ‘oligomenorrhea’. A gap of less than 35 days between two menstrual periods is considered normal.
Causes of Scanty Blood Flow During the Period

Constitutional Causes.
In some women it may be normal to have less bleeding during the menstrual periods. Less blood flow may be genetic and, if enquiries are made, it may be found that the woman’s mother and/or sisters also have decreased blood flow during their periods. pregnancy can normally occur with with this type of decreased flow during the periods. The incidence of infertility is the same as in women with a normal blood flow. -

Extremes of Reproductive Lives.
Scanty menses or periods can occur normally at the extremes of reproductive life – that is, just after puberty and just before menopause. This is because ovulation is irregular at this time, and the endometrial lining fails to develop normally.
Anovulation:

But hormonal problems at other times can also cause scanty blood flow. Anovulation due to a low thyroid hormone level, high prolactin level, high insulin level, high androgen level and problems with other hormones can also cause scanty periods.

Uterine Cause

Blood flow during a period depends on the normal growth of the endometrium (internal uterine lining). If there is a scar inside the uterus the surface area of the endometrium may be smaller than normal. Scarring can occur after operations on the uterus like a myomectomy (removal of fibroids), after radiation treatment or in conditions like Asherman’s syndrome. This may cause less blood flow during the periods.

Emotional Causes

Sometimes psychological factors can come into play. Emotions and stress can act on the centers in the brain that stimulate the ovaries during the ovarian cycle. If these centers in the brain are suppressed due to stress, they fail to stimulate the ovaries to ovulate, leading to less or no production of estrogens and hence scanty menses or periods.
Other Causes

Other causes that can cause scanty or decreased blood flow during the periods are excessive exercise, crash dieting, change in the environment (such as by changing a job), stress due to exams, excessive excitement due to an upcoming event can all cause scanty or less blood flow during the periods.

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