The role of An “Internal Combustion Engine” is an engine in which combustion takes place inside the engine cylinder. The fuel-air mixture is burned at high temperatures which generates a pressure force that moves the piston which in turn helps in the movement of the wheels by transferring power through some mechanism. We could also say that an internal combustion engine works on petrol as fuel in combination with air is called petrol engine. The major difference between petrol and diesel engine is how the explosion takes place. In petrol engines, air-fuel is mixed and inserted into the combustion chamber, only to be ignited by the spark plugs and producing a power stroke. Diesel engines, however, don’t have a spark plug. In such engines, the air is compressed to an extent so that its temperature surpasses the ignition temperature of the fuel. Hence the fuel is then injected after only this has been done, and it ignites spontaneously, producing a power stroke – without the use of spark plugs.

An internal combustion engine in a vehicle is to provide power to the driven wheels via the drive train. For this to be achieved efficiently, the engine needs to be served by both a lubricant system and a coolant system. The lubricant system prevents metal on metal contact between moving components (thereby reducing friction and wear), and the coolant system keeps the lubricant and component materials within acceptable service temperatures.

It is largely accepted that the combustion efficiency of a modern internal combustion (I.C.) engine is well optimized, with approximately 98% of the energy contained within the fuel being released on combustion in diesel engines and 95–98% in gasoline engines. However, the useful energy leaving the engine (termed ‘brake work’) is typically only 40% of the fuel energy. The energy that is used to provide drive to the wheels is less than the brake work, since a fraction of these needs to be used to drive ancillaries such as water pumps and the alternator. This inability to convert all the chemical energy into brake work is termed the ‘gross indicated thermal efficiency’. The overall efficiency of the engine is termed the ‘fuel conversion efficiency. Fuel Conversion Efficiency=Combustion Efficiency×Gross Indicated Thermal Efficiency
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