The main source of energy for the body cells is glucose—one of the end products from the breakdown of carbohydrates during digestion. Glucose is the main sugar found in the blood; it is moved by the hormone, insulin, from the blood into the body cells to produce energy.

Insulin is produced by the pancreas, travels in the blood and prompts the body cells to take up glucose. The pancreas tends to produce more insulin when the digestion of some meals causes a rise in the blood-glucose level.

Diabetes mellitus occurs when the body’s ability to process blood glucose is impaired; this happens when the pancreas is not able to produce insulin or when the body becomes insulin resistant. The various types of diabetes mellitus are:

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