Top down analysis, multiple timeframe analysis, top to bottom analysis. It goes by many names. It is the process of comparing higher timeframe with lower ones to identify the market structure, environment, and direction. For example, 1 candlestick on a 4hour timeframe is 4 candles on a 1hour timeframe. Hence, if the 1 hr timeframe is trending down, it could be trending up on the 4hour timeframe. What should you do? Go with the 4hr structure since you can always remove 1hr from 4hr and not the other way round. Understand this and you will increase your chances of being profitable.
But this is not all there is to MTF analysis.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRTWby3FkLM