In U.S.,this disproportionate inequality of COVID-19 and its impact on minorities is tragic but not surprising. Minorities have long suffered from relatively poorer health conditions, shorter longevity, and less access to timely and good quality health care than whites. These enduring disparities in health status and care are mainly due to what are commonly referred to social determinants of health–factors largely out of the control of individuals–and include discrimination, much lower incomes and household wealth, residing in lower quality housing often in neighborhoods afflicted by disproportionately greater exposure to environmental threats like air pollution and toxic waste sites, higher crime rates, lower quality schools and child care.