letu:
Enough of this people you're mentioning whom the White people used , by using them to destroy our culture and demonizing our culture including every thing about us, the even extended it to our skin colour .

Besides the Eboes and Breches, we received at
Bonny negroes of several other nations, named
Quaws, Appas, Ottaras, and Brasses. The Quaws,
(or Moscoes of the West Indies) are an ill-disposed
people, whom the Eboes regard with great aversion,
as they consider them cannibals in their own coun-
try ; an assumption which their desperate and fero-
cious looks would seem to warrant. Their skins
are blacker than those of the Eboes, and their teeth
are sharpened with files, so as to resemble those of
a saw. These men were ever the foremost in any
mischief or insurrection amongst the slaves, and
from time to lime many whites fell victims to their
fury at Bonny. They are mortal enemies to the
Eboes, of whom, such is their masculine superiority,
and desperate courage, they would beat three times
their own number. The slave ships were always
obliged to provide separate rooms for these men be-
tween decks, and the captains were careful to have
as few of them as possible amongst their cargoes.
The females of this tribe are fully as ferocious and
vindictive as the men.

The Appas are a race of people so slothfully
inclined, that they trust for a subsistence to the
spontaneous productions of the earth, and rather
than betake themselves to cultivation, will even eat
grass and soil. The few of them whom our
author knew were extremely indolent in their habits ;
and probably owing- to this, and the coarseness of
their usual food, their flesh was loose and soft, and
their bodies feeble. They are however of a harm-
less disposition, and the Eboes take a great delight
in tantalizing them.

The Oltam tribe are stout and robust, and of a
deeper black than any of the other tribes at Bonny.
Their bodies and faces are carved and tatooed in a
frightful manner ; they seem nevertheless to be a
well-disposed good-tempered race, and are much
liked by the Eboes. Besides these we sometimes got
a few natives of Benin, which is about iGO or 170
miles from Bonny. These resemble the Eboes, and
it is probable were partly of the same nation.
They are the most orderly and well-behaved of all
the blacks. In their own country they are famous
for the manufacture of a beautiful sort of table-
cloth.

Ekealterego:

Nna eh! what are you talking about white people? Educate yourself. John Christopher Taylors' Mother is from Arochukwu and his father is from Isuama. He was a rescued slave who grew up in Sierra Leone and just like Rev Crowther did for his Yoruba people, Rev. Taylor came back home and settled in Onitsha, and the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, John and Act of Apostle.
We really need to bring back history in school.
Now, I am not saying that his proposition was the correct one, but don't ever mess up the names of the heroes that sold the beauty of our people to the world.

letu:
Enough of this people you are mentioning they were used by White people to promote white superiority inwhich an aspect/ purpose was to make sub Saharan Africans ignorant of who they are in spirit and in physical by using this Pastor's, Reverend, Father's and Bishop's etc to render our way of life/ philosophy inferior and also by demonize every positive/ good aspect of our culture .

Ekealterego:
I need your contributions and thoughts too.


Apart from Chukwu Okike (God the creator) Igbos also believed that there is "a fallen Angel", which is consistent with Judaistic beliefs. People who wanted to do evil or mischief went to him. In the bible, the "fallen angels" is Satan. In Igbo cultures in the past, they also believe the "fallen angels" to be Satan. They call it Kamallo or Igwikalla".

Read the excerpt below:

letu:
No need to contribute on such ridiculous article you posted Which is nothing but a from a devious historians/anthropologists.

Ekealterego:
Igbos in Sierra Leone in the 1700s/1800s

Sierra-Leone, especially Freetown had a lot of African migrants and freed slaves or recent migrants who could still tell where they were from.

There were a lot of people from present-day Nigeria who were in Sierra Leone. Yorubas/Yoruba/Yobah (They were called Akoos in Freetown), Igbos, Hausas and others.

I will upload some accounts from different sources. of the Igbos in Sierra-Leone.

1. Robert Clarke in his book documentation for the ethnological Society of London.

Here, Clarke, represented the Igbos living in Sierra-leone with a group of Igbos in those days known as Ebreches/breches (I guess the practice to him was absurd). I think this is practised amongst the Isuama people and usually for the wealthy or royalty... (Baikie, talked about this practice and had more accurate information regarding the phenomena and people but he found that this is not a subgroup but a wealthy class of Igbos).

cc. Pazienza, Abgworo, ChinenyeN, what do you know about these group of Igbos? Breches? Ebreches? Clarke, had a portrait/drawing of an Ebretche/breche Igbo.

He noted that the Igbos were very wealthy and successful in Sierra-leone... No be today Igbo people start to dey business

"...I inquired particularly after a sup-

posed district or tribe, mentioned by Clarke and some

other writers, as I'tshi or Bretshi, but found that this

was a misapplication of the term. There is no place

of this name, but I'tshi, which means "cut-face,"

refers to certain individuals who are marked by

numerous cuttings on the forehead, which greatly

disfigure the countenance. I fell in with one of

these I'tshi, who confirmed all this, and told me that

this practice prevails chiefly in Isuama, and that it

is confined to the families of the wealthy. As far as I

could gather, it is only the males who are thus

hideously tatooed, though in I'gbo it is reckoned

becoming, and entitles the possessors to respect.

The word Bretshi is wrong, Mbrltshi being the

correct term, but I'tshi is more frequently employed.

To the northward and eastward of Ndoki is a large

district named Abanyim, where the I'gbos and people

from Old Kalabar meet for trade. Not far from this

stands the noted city of A'ro or A'no...."

pazienza:


Its the Mgburuichi or Mgbirichi.

ijawcitizen:
Wow, such a barbaric people.

Ekealterego:
Those ethnologists and missionary really queried and studied the Igbos in West-Africa and were really stunned by the Hebrew similarities. From the records, the Igbos were also referred to as Heber, Eber (Hebrews) before they were called "Egbo" and then "Ebo".
You could also tell here that the Igalas and Igbos were kind of related too.
Read this below.

Ekealterego:
Now to the origins and link to Judaism. Note that the earlier works even link this more strongly than Beale did in this book.
Rev. James Frederick Schön the respected German missionary and linguist (he did most of his works on the Hausa language) was one of the people in the 1800s who believed in the Igbo-Hebrew links.

Read what is written below from Beale though.

We will look at the religion first and the Aro and a written record of a prayer made in Abo (now Agbor).

Yujin:

I strongly believe the Abo written is actually the original Aboh of Ndokwa East(Ukwuani) and not the Agbor of Ika North East.
Most European expeditions of from the mid 19th century backwards was centred along waterbodies viz Atlantic coast and Banks of River Niger. Aboh was very famous at that time as the greatest power on the lower Niger even above Idah. There are very few records from Agbor.

nsiba:
.

I thought JEWs only worship Jehovah

Ardar:


How the hell are igbo women respected in igbo culture please pray tell.

Ardar:


I don't care about what happened in the 1800s, am talking about the treatment of women in the igbo culture in this present day.

Jameseddi1:
Igbo never had an empire

Your small Nri was anabra only
Igbo known as Ebo before colony was under Benin kingdom

Ekealterego:
Location of the Empire of the Egboes1

SITUATED between the Rivers Niger and Old Calabar and bounded on the north by the left or Binnue branch of the first river, on the south by the Atlantic, on the east by Old Calabar and the Dwalla Countries, and on the west by the River Niger, Benin, and Igara, is the extensive and well-watered tract of the territory included in the Empire of the Egboes. According to Dr. Baikie, Egboe extends east and west from the Old Calabar River to the banks of the Niger, or Kwora and possesses also some territory at Abo, in the westward of the stream on the north it borders on Igara and Akpoto, and is separated from the sea only by petty tribes all of which trace their origin from the great race.

It is divided into several districts or counties, each speaking different dialects, although derived from one root. The principal counties are Isuama, Elugu, Isielu, Isiago, Abaga, _Mitshie, and Djuku, all of which are situated on the north; in the middle are Abo, Abazim, Aro, and Amazunie, and in the south are Brass, Nimbe, Okrika, Ebane or Bonny, and Adony. Very little is known of these districts their histories are shrouded in impenetrable darkness; expeditions have been made through the great water course into the interior; but no cross expedition, starting from the eastern banks of the Niger to the Old Calabar River has as yet been attempted.

In the south the districts are intersected by numerous streams and rivulets, which enter to form the delta of the Niger; mangrove swamps are abundant in various places except between Bonny and Old Calabar, the soil is rich and fertile Further up, the country is more open and elevated, and numerously populated. In Isuama most of the towns are built on rising grounds, dry, and well selected; so that Isuama, Elugu, and Isiago, are far healthier and dryer than the seacoast towns


But there are yet several large and important countries in the interior of Egboe of which nothing is known, as the country has not received that attention among civilized settlers that other parts of the Coast have. After the great failure of the expedition of 1841, no adequate attempt was made to open the River Niger until 1854 when a new impetus was given by the complete success of that year, but which, unfortunately, has been followed by tardy operations.

Note
Egba, Igbo, Ebo, and Ibo are the various spellings met with in books describing the race inhabiting this part of the Coast. Among the soft Isuama and Elugu, the soft Ebo and Ibo is used; but among the inhabitants on the coast, such as Bonny and Okrika the harsher name Egbo is prevalent In the interior north of the Territory, the nations are called Igbo, which approaches more to the original name of the inhabitants. 1