Reducing the cost of fish farming in ponds is a comprehensive technical work. If scientific management measures are taken, the cost of fish farming can be greatly reduced and the economic benefits of fish farming in ponds can be improved.
1. Self-breeding fish species. Fingerling is a major expense in fish farming. If you cultivate your own fingerlings, you can reduce your fingerling expenditure by 50%. Moreover, the self-bred fish species have a strong physique, strong disease resistance, and a high survival rate. Generally, 1/10 of the pond can be used to cultivate fish species or to breed fish species in the growing pond.
2. Reasonable stocking. The fish should be stocked reasonably according to their feeding habits and pond conditions. It is necessary to stock feeder fish as well as fat-water fish; it is necessary to stock fish that like to move on the surface, as well as fish that like to live in the middle and bottom layers. Make full use of water and bait. In general fat ponds, silver carp, and bighead carp are put 60%, other fish (such as grass, bream, carp, crucian carp, etc.) account for 40%; in thin ponds, grass, bream, etc. account for 60%, and other fish account for 40%.
3. Plant green fodder. Use pond ridges and ditches to grow ryegrass, sudangrass, first, bitter grass, Pennisetum, red and white clover, and other pastures or aquatic plants (the annual output of these pastures is 2500-5000 kg), and use these green fodder to Feeding fish can save feed and greatly reduce the cost of fish farming. As long as scientific arrangements are made and the seasons are connected, the green feed can be provided all year round to meet the needs of fish.
4, fish farming with chemical fertilizers. Commonly used fertilizers include ammonium bicarbonate, urea, superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, compound fertilizer, and so on. When using, the principle of small amounts and more times should be mastered. For a long time, apply it once every 3 to 5 days, and apply 1 to 2 kg of urea or 4 to 7 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 6 to 8 kg of superphosphate per mu. The application of chemical fertilizers can rapidly increase the number of plankton in ponds and has a better effect on silver carp and bighead carp.
5. Light attracts insects. Install several 6-25 watt lamp holders at 20～30 cm above the water surface, turn on the lights at night, and use the phototaxis of insects to attract insects into the pond to feed the fish, which can save part of the feed, which is also an effective measure to save the cost of fish farming.
6. Processed feed. The roughage is crushed and fermented before being fed, so that the roughage becomes sweet and sour, soft and fragrant, with good palatability, fish favorite, and easy to digest and absorb. The concentrated feed should be processed into compound pellets for feeding, which can not only avoid the loss of feed but also meet the nutritional needs of fish and improve the utilization rate of feed.
7. scientific feeding. Various fish have different feed preferences and eating methods. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the appropriate feed and feeding method according to the feeding habits of a certain fish, and decide the feeding according to the weather, water quality, water temperature, eating, activities, etc. In general, a bait frame should be set for feeding green fodder; a feed table should be set up for feeding concentrated feed so that fixed-point feeding is implemented to avoid the loss of feed. On cloudy and rainy days, or when the water quality is not good, and the fish do not like to eat, they should be fed less or not. Usually, we must adhere to the principle of feeding less frequently. Feeding must be uniform and appropriate, and avoid hunger and fullness, so as not to affect the digestion and growth of fish.
8. Ensure water quality. The fish ponds have freshwater, high dissolved oxygen, no corruption, and no pollution, which is conducive to the growth and development of fish and can greatly reduce the feed coefficient and save the feed. Always pay attention to changing the water, regularly remove residual bait and dirt to prevent sewage and dirt from entering the pool. If the water quality is unsuitable, change the water in time or take other measures to adjust the water quality. Generally, the transparency of the pool water should be maintained at 20 to 30 cm.
9. Prevent fish diseases. If the fish is sick, it will affect their food intake. Even if the diseased fish eat, the feed utilization rate is not high, resulting in feed waste. The main disease prevention measures are: digging out excess silt to avoid the breeding of various pathogens; thoroughly clearing the pond to kill various pathogens and wild fish; strictly disinfecting the breeding fish to prevent the fish from carrying bacteria into the pond; feeding regularly Medicinal bait prevents the occurrence of various more harmful fish diseases.