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As well known and traversed as our planet Earth is, there are still new things being discovered every day. The Earth is constantly changing, shifting and exposing new secrets for humans to marvel at. It took many years and many great minds to solve the problem of getting through Earth’s atmosphere into the wide expanse of space beyond.

The atmosphere constitutes the boundary between Earth and outer space, basically everything above the Earth’s surface, reaching straight upwards roughly 10,000 km (6,214 miles) into space. Everything beyond this distance is considered to be outer space.

Most of earth’s atmosphere is not oxygen and a major concentration of the atmosphere's mass is located 8-15 km above Earth’s surface.

The 5 definitive layers of atmosphere that coat our planet from the ground level include the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere.

Troposphere
The troposphere is closest to the ground surface, which supports life, and is, in fact, the thinnest at only about 10 miles high.

This layer includes most of the cloud layers along with the majority of water particles and dust.

Stratosphere
The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere just above the troposphere. It ranges from approximately 15 km above the earth’s surface to 50 km (30 miles) above the Earth.
The stratosphere is most well known for having a large amount of ozone gas, an oxygen compound. Because of this, this region is often referred to as the "ozone layer."

NB: The Ozone Layer is often referenced in relation to climate change, or referred to as having a "hole" in it. This is important because the ozone forms a protective barrier between the sun's harsh rays and life on earth. Without this barrier, temperatures would rise, and sun exposure would increase, making the earth uninhabitable. This is why the weakening of the ozone layer has had such alarming effects on the climate of Earth

Mesosphere
The next layer in the Earth’s atmosphere is known as the mesosphere. The mesosphere reaches 85 km (53 miles) out from the surface of the earth. It is very cold, with the coldest temperatures found at the top of this layer where it can reach -90 °C (-130 °F). The atmosphere is much thinner here than it is closer to the Earth, but there is still enough density to cause space debris to burn when it enters this layer

Thermosphere
Above the mesopause, ending some 600 km (372 miles) from the surface of the Earth is the thermosphere. As the prefix Thermo, suggests, this layer has much higher temperatures. Because this layer is much closer to the sun, it can reach temperatures up to 2,000 °C (3,600 °F).

Exosphere
The final layer is where the Earth’s atmosphere meets outer space. This region is known as the exosphere, as it circles all the other layers. This layer is almost as thin as space itself, as the gravitational pull of Earth is too weak to hold many molecules. This means that the layer is extremely thin, and blends into outer space as molecules float free from Earth.

The expression Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), is a globally accepted tool used by environmental experts to systematically assess the cause-effect relationship between development activities and environmental sustainability as man continues his widespread and almost unabated development of his immediate environment.

Dr. Benard Omoyeni is the Author of the renowned EIA book titled: Principles and Application of Environmental Impact Assessment, a book that is widely circulated among the tertiary institutions of learning in Nigeria and accepted for sales on Amazon.com

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