A chronic neurological disease that can start at any age, narcolepsy affects sleep patterns. It is a sleep disorder that causes significant disruptions to the usual cycle of wakefulness and sleep and abnormal Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep patterns.
Onset can happen later in life but often happens in pre-teens/teens or the early twenties. In the US, it's believed that 1 in 2,000 persons suffer with narcolepsy. Although it occurs everywhere in the world and equally affects both sexes, it is underdiagnosed and underrecognized. Narcolepsy tends to be treatable if it has been identified, diagnosed, stabilised, and established. The lifespan remains unaffected.
The demise of hypocretin-producing cells in the hypothalamus area of the brain results in narcolepsy with cataplexy. A neurotransmitter called hypocretin, often referred to as orexin, regulates the sleep-wake cycle as well as additional bodily functions like blood pressure and metabolism. Cataplexy-accompanied narcolepsy is an autoimmune condition. Additional research is required to determine the exact causes of narcolepsy without cataplexy.
A series of processes, including an overnight polysomnogram (PSG or sleep study), are commonly used in a sleep lab to confirm the diagnosis of narcolepsy. This is done to rule out other potential causes of EDS and look for any distinctive REM patterns. The Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MLST), often known as the daytime nap test, assesses the speed at which REM sleep follows the rapid start of sleep. The most extensively used narcolepsy diagnostic test is the MLST.
If there is an inherited susceptibility to the circumstance, it may be determined through a blood test. Last but not least, several research facilities assess the hypocretin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This is uncommon and only used in specific circumstances.
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