In 2020, the world experienced severe social and economic disruption thanks to the Covid-19 Pandemic. The novel virus was first identified in an outbreak in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. Attempts to contain it there failed, allowing the virus to spread to other areas of Asia and later worldwide. As of June 2023, the pandemic had caused 768,186,332 cases and 6,945,701 confirmed deaths, surprisingly it is not the deadliest pandemic in history. Throughout human history, there have been a number of pandemics of diseases such as Cholera, bubonic plague, smallpox, and influenza, all of which are some of the most brutal killers in human history. With that being said, here are the top 10 deadliest Pandemics in human history.

10. 1918–1922 Russia Typhus Epidemic
They have been numerous outbreaks of the Typhus Epidemic in history. The first outbreak of the disease was in Europe during the second year of the Peloponnesian War. There was also another outbreak of Typhus on the American continent in the 19th century. As many as 900,000 deaths have been attributed to typhus fever during this period.

The epidemic became a cause of concern, following an outbreak in Russia during and after the First World War. This time it killed 2–3 million people out of 20–30 million cases in between 1918 and 1922. Several million citizens also died in Serbia, Poland, and Romania, becoming known as one of the deadliest pandemics in history.

9. 1520 Mexico smallpox epidemic
In 1520, Smallpox was introduced to Mexican lands by the Spanish, in a bid to conquer the Aztec Empire. The disease gained a foothold in the region, spreading slowly and killing the indigenous people who had no resistance or immunity against the disease, becoming a widespread epidemic by the fall of 1520.

Although the numbers are uncertain, it is estimated that smallpox killed 5-8 million people in the region. It had been estimated that the population of Mexico fell from over thirty million people before the arrival of Spaniards to less than 3 million by 1568. Without a doubt, the conquest of the Aztec Empire was greatly influenced by the arrival of the virus.
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