D. I missed your call is the most correct statement when writing formally.
The reason is that, according to grammatical rules there is nothing like MISSED ÇALL, the MISSED in the statement is not an adjective it is a verb and the function of the verb is to state the action in a statement but not to qualify. MISSED CALL the call has been qualified with a wrong adjective which leads to common error and usually used by the people. These is major reason for that.
I Missed your call is a veracious statement when writing formally.