Please is there any thing like genotype AC

To understand what AC is, I believe it'll be best you understand what the normal is?

The story goes,

What you have following in your blood are cells, the most predominant of which are called RED BLOOD CELLS (RBCs). These cells contain within them HEMOGLOBIN, a substance without which the RBCs are invariably useless. This hemoglobin itself is composed of 2 parts: a heme (don't bother yourself, this basically is a complex Iron-protein complex) and globin (2 pairs of protein chains, this is the important part).

There are 2 alpha and 2 beta globin chains - the pair, and there is a normal way the chains are supposed to be structured. The error happens when a protein substitution occurs in any one of these chains - but particularly in the globin chains (First of all, you have to understand that amino acids are the building blocks of proteins - so if amino acid 'x' is the normal, an abnormality occurs when instead of 'x' at a particular location along the chain, you have 'y'.)

That is as simple as it gets. These errors of substitution are given the big name of 'THALASSAEMIAS'. In reality, a substitution will occur at any point along either the alpha or beta chains but for the purposes of simplicity and to answer your question, we focus on the genotypes AS, SS, AC.

Genotype AA: At position 6 of both globin chains,the amino acid is GLUTAMATE
Genotype AS: At position 6 of one globin chain is GLUTAMATE and at position 6 of the second globin chain, you have VALINE
Genotype SS: At position 6 of both globin chains, the amino acid is VALINE
Genotype AC: At position 6 of one globin chain is GLUTAMATE and at position 6 of the second globin chain, you have LYSINE

I hope you can appreciate the above. This little substitutions can cause significant differences in the quality of life that you experience with a genotype.

I'll post this and continue with HOW DO PEOPLE GET THEIR GENOTYPES!!!

How do people get their genotypes?

Simple, from your biological parents.

If papa bomboy has a genotype AA and mama bomboy has a genotype AS, which genotype do their children have? What we do in theory is this, you cross each of those letters so that you have AA, AS, AA, AS? Therefore, for each pregnancy and each bomboy they delivery has a 50:50 probability of being AA or AS.

What if their genotypes were AA (for papa bomboy) and SS (for mama bomboy); you do the crossing again: AS, AS, AS, AS. Therefore, it is very UNLIKELY that any of their children will have a genotype outside of AS.

You will see that I have used the word unlikely because SHIT happens. They might end up having a child who is either completely AA or SS but whatever happens, a child's genotype is never outside of the parents. Eg. a man and woman who are both AA can never have children with genotype starting or ending with 'S'. If it happens, talk to your landlord (just kiddin').

So for you to get AC, you must have a parent who carries a 'C' in his or her genotype. I hope that answers your question?

One more thing: Are there any clinical features of Hemoglobin C like Hemoglobin S?

In the case that you're AC, well the good news is that MOST TIMES THERE ARE NO SYMPTOMS, but occasionally, there is JAUNDICE.

THE BEST PART IS THAT YOU CAN LIVE A NORMAL LIFE WITH AC!!!

Hope that has helped!!!


, fsb

And just for the case of mentioning genotypes, you could have:

Regular Genotype: AA (healthy as healthy can be)

Traits: AC, AD, AF, AG, A+FAST, AE and AS (not associated with any clinical signs, symptoms or syndromes - they as relatively as healthy as AA)

Genotypes associated with clinical features: SS, SC, CC (are associated with clinical signs, symptoms and syndromes)

Please note that the marriage thing is this, I really don't know what the recent trend is but the important thing is to make sure your genotype of you and your partner don't match up in a way as to produce an children with SS, SC and CC. These children only suffer for nothing!

I hope my post was useful to somebody out there!!!

, fsb

PS: Please note that the list of genotypes above isn't in any way exhaustive. Those are the most common I've mentioned, there are several others.

a million thanks to you fsb.

ifyalways:

a million thanks to you fsb.

, your welcome

Good job Oga FSB, you make A+.
Weintraub_{(author, textbook of hematology)} will be very proud of you.

Thanks naijaking1,

Your a doctor? What's your specialty?

surgery

great!!!

@ FSB,

thanks a great deal for the information. I have been looking for someone like you to help out. There is this lady i have been seeing for a while. I love her so much and marriage ASAP is already in my plans but there is the problem of genotype. This breaks my heart so much. I have gone for genotype test 3 times. First one i was given AC. Second was AA. Wanting to be doubly (or triple sure), i went for a third test and it turned out to be AC. Now my girlfriend also is AC. For me thats a problem. My parents are both AA. My elder brother is AA. So where did i get the AC from? I am confused. I love this girl but dont want pains for her and myself later when we start having children.

Please, i desperately need immediate advice. Any other Doctor in the house pls help.

my wife and I found out we are both AC before we got married 8 yrs ago. i did some research on the internet about this and found out that it was not really a fatal condition except that ur kids have chances of being a CC. CC has aneamic condition and are allergic to a lot of stuffs.

We have two kids now, the eldest is AC while the younger is not old enough for us to check his genotype.

cheers

@ Skillmyman,

I really appreciate the piece of info. But i thought CC genotype is the equivalent of SS like i was told. Wont a child with CC genotype be a sickler?

Emmion:

@ Skillmyman,

I really appreciate the piece of info. But i thought CC genotype is the equivalent of SS like i was told. Wont a child with CC genotype be a sickler?

I will be really interested in reading an answer from any body in the house to this question.

@ Emmion

Sorry, its really been a long while since I read this thread, Its possible that your genotype has always been AC and that there were discrepancies with the second test results, One thing you must understand is that in terms of geographic distribution, the hemoglobin C allele is found at the highest frequencies in West Africa and it has been associated with protection against malaria.

A good number of people have the C allele but are unaware of it.

Also note that most people with the AC genotype show no symptoms,

About your financee who is also AC, well, if you put the stats together as I explained in my earlier posts:

For every child you'll have together, there is a 25% chance he/she will be AA, a 50% chance he/she will be AC and a 25% chance he/she would be CC.

Again, please don't think that CC and SS are the same. THEY ARE NOT, and that is in capital letters, Anyone who tells you so, doesn't know CRAP. Sickle Cell Dsx is a whole chapter on its own and writing about it will make this extremely lengthy,


@ mazaje

You can't even begin to compare the differences in severity between CC and SS disease,

Symptoms of Hemoglobin C dsx (CC)

Most people do not have symptoms. Occasionally, jaundice may occur.

Complications of Hemoglobin C dsx

Sometimes, they may experience the following:

Cholelithiasis (gall stones that may require treatment)
Splenomegaly (big spleen)
Angloid streaks (causing poor vision)
Aplastic crises (due to viral infection): episode of severe anemia

Treatment
There is no treatment. Folic acid supplementation is required to help the body with red blood cell production and improve symptoms of anemia.

Prognosis
Note that unlike the Hemoglobin S dsx (SS), pxts with Hemoglobin C dsx have a normal life expectancy,


Before I forget, what about SC genotype?

Please note the following:

AA: normal pxts
AS: don't show any symptoms
SS: sickle cell disease (sicklers)
AC: don't show any symptoms
CC: described above
SC? This condition is associated with recurrent anemia (breakdown of red cells in the blood vessels) and pain crises (vaso-occlusive crises). Some may also experience aseptic necrosis of the thigh bone (femur). Summary is that it is bad,

I do hope all the above helps,

Regards,
fsb,

@FSb

Hullo i need help i was always told AC was not a problem but now that i want to get the girl of my dreams whom i care about and i am thinking marriage she asked what my Genotype was and i said AC and she is AS from all what you are saying there is a 25% likelihood of having a child who is SC. And SC is really bad. Is it advisable for us to marry as the odds stand?

I hope you reply this on time cos am gravely worried.

Thanks in advance.

I would like to know if Blood group B and O is compatible

nice discussion. thx doctors i learnt something new here

Pls what happens when both partners are AS?

Tanx Dr. FSB, i heard about ac for the first time today nd decided to check, u just gave me wat i was lookin for, tanx

I have some questions bothering me
What could be the reasons for having different labs giving you different geneotype results. could it be the amount of a certain gene is very low or insignificant, so the test could not detect it?
Are the level of SS severity/disease different between SS sicklers, 'hav heard bout some sicklers always on admission, while some others just take prescribed pain killers

Can anyone tell me if theres bn any major medical improvement in the life span and quality of life of SS born 30 years ago and SS born 5 years ago. Any applicable research that has bn of benefit to improve their health and well bn?
Thank you

Can you kindly clarify the difference b/wsomeone having/living with sickle cell disease and someone having/living with sickle cell anemia
It sounds thesame to me but hav bn on the internet and i came across this comment
thanks

TREATMENT - I wonder if anyone has good idea on treatment of SS
NICOSAN is the dispute over, is it readily available, "is it a near cure"
Ciklavit r d testimonies by users as good as those given by nicosan users, is it readily available for both
adult and babies
Herbal medicines ??

Any other known used and proven medication FSB and others well vast in this area your suggestions would be highly appreciated

FSB, Drs in the House, health officers and laboratory officers, pls do take your time to answer each of my questions with detailed explanation as i am VERY ignorant on this , I, thanks

@Queentayo

I've posted the link to an excellent clinical resource on sicklecell disease, http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/778971-overview

As regards your question on different results from different labs, I sincerely cannot answer that question. Hematology isn't my AOS but I'll definitely talk to a colleague and get back to you.

Enjoy!

Check on the following as well:

http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=117348

@FSB
Thanks for the information and the links, quite educative, and highly appreciated
Looking forward to the other answer you promised to ask a colleague

Should you know any colleague or friend whose AOS is Hematology
pls kindly encourage such to contribute to this thread as well

Also looking forward to continous contributions from you and others regarding this thread. God Bless

odonte:

@FSb

Hullo i need help i was always told AC was not a problem but now that i want to get the girl of my dreams whom i care about and i am thinking marriage she asked what my Genotype was and i said AC and she is AS from all what you are saying there is a 25% likelihood of having a child who is SC. And SC is really bad. Is it advisable for us to marry as the odds stand?

I hope you reply this on time cos am gravely worried.

Thanks in advance.

My advice, don't get married.
SC, SS are unpleasant experiences

gentlestar:

I would like to know if Blood group B and O is compatible

These are blood groups and not genotype.
They are compatible.

nijaprince:

Pls what happens when both partners are AS?

25% chance of having a Sickle cell child.
An unpleasant experience.

@Queen

I have some questions bothering me
What could be the reasons for having different labs giving you different geneotype results.  could it be the amount of a certain gene is very low or  insignificant, so the test could not detect it?
Are the level of SS severity/disease  different between SS sicklers, 'hav heard bout some sicklers always on admission, while some others just take prescribed pain killers

1. Different results mean the test wasn't properly done.
Some labs are operated by half baked lab scientists.

2. Severity of SS differs.
Some SS are healthier than some. A lot of reasons might cause this.
Better diet, better genes, access to good health care etc.

Can you kindly clarify the difference b/wsomeone having/living with sickle cell disease  and  someone having/living with sickle cell anemia
It sounds thesame to me but hav bn on the internet and i came across this comment
thanks

It's the same.
Maybe you mean sufferer and carrier.

Sufferer is the SS, while carrier is AS (which is healthy but can give birth to an SS when married to another AS).

TREATMENT  -       I wonder if anyone has good idea on treatment of SS
NICOSAN              is the dispute over, is it readily available, "is it a near cure"
Ciklavit                 r d testimonies by users as good as those given by nicosan users, is it readily available for both
                             adult and babies
Herbal medicines   

Any other known used and proven medication                     FSB and others well vast in this area your suggestions would be highly appreciated

Go and see a doctor.

No known cure for SS, you can be healthy by living right, good diet etc.
Read more about Sickle cell on the internet. 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle-cell_disease 
www.sicklecelldisease.org
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Sca/SCA_WhatIs.html

@queentayo

I bumped into the hematologist a few hours ago and raised the issue. Basically, it bores down to 2 things: The first is error with methodology and the second is poor experience reading the test strip.

Unfortunately, I can't explain more than that but hope that helps. Basically, one laboratory did the right thing while the other messed up. It would make a lot of sense to repeat the test at a third laboratory.

What can i say, i got a suprising reply of my fiancee being SC dou she said she recieved a treatment and has not fell sick since she was like 12yrs old , i wz still scared of loosing the damsel , going online, i stumbled across this thread, FMB n BlueDiva, u guys are d bomb i rilly hope we get more pple like in our hospitals not th half bake doctors who are out for the money n have forgotten their oaths. Well i am AA n i believe she is all mine nw . tanx f d info and 2 all not compatible , still look arnd for some-else it will not only do your family no good but humanity also . Wish u all d best in your search .

@Fsb: You really did a great job posting sth like this on this thread. You'll never know how many lives you save everyday. Thanks alot pal, the world needs more selfless & generous minds like yours.