Welcome, Guest: Register On Nairaland / LOGIN! / Trending / Recent / New
Stats: 3,207,342 members, 7,998,653 topics. Date: Saturday, 09 November 2024 at 10:14 PM

Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? - Culture (41) - Nairaland

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Culture / Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? (173836 Views)

Africanism Today ( An Event Celebrating Africa & Natural Hair Meetup) / Are Non-nigerians Looked Down Upon In This Forum? / Why Is There So Much Hatred For Other Tribes? (2) (3) (4)

(1) (2) (3) ... (38) (39) (40) (41) (42) (43) (44) ... (63) (Reply) (Go Down)

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Supper: 6:43pm On Feb 02, 2015
TerryCarr:

yea it's called mixing/assimilation. Turks came out of Asia and took over Anatolia mostly with culture & language rather then genetics

Anatolia IS apart of Asia! smh And yes, the original turkic speaking peoples did arise out of Central Asia. Keep in mind I said turkic-SPEAKING people, not turkic-LOOKING people. Which is what I'm trying to drill into your head- that someone being Turkic or not is not based on what they looked like, but the language they speak.

So, for instance if we found out that the turkish langauge from Turkey's morphology, lexicon, and vocabulary is more in line with the original proto-turkic langauge than say, Turkic-Uighers from xinjiang, then guess what? Turks from Turkey would be more Turkic, than Uighers by the only sensible definition there is. Damn how they look.
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Nobody: 6:46pm On Feb 02, 2015
Indigenous Africans are characterized by high levels of genetic diversity within and between populations. The pattern of genetic variation in these populations has been shaped by demographic events occurring over the last 200,000 years.

The dramatic variation in climate, diet, and exposure to infectious disease across the continent has also resulted in novel genetic and phenotypic adaptations in extant Africans.

This review summarizes some recent advances in our understanding of the demographic history and selective pressures that have influenced levels and patterns of diversity in African populations.

Africa not only has the highest levels of human genetic variation in the world but also contains a considerable amount of linguistic, environmental and cultural diversity. For example, more than 2,000 distinct ethno-linguistic groups, representing nearly a third of the world’s languages, currently exist in Africa

The timing and duration of some of these demographic events were often correlated with known major environmental changes and/or cultural developments in Africa [6].

A number of novel genetic and phenotypic adaptations have also evolved in Africans in response to dramatic variation in environment, diet, and exposure to infectious disease across the continent.

In some cases, these adaptations have occurred in the last several thousand years, exemplifying the ongoing evolution of human populations.

Thus, present-day patterns of variation in African genomes are a product of both demographic and selective events.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2945812/

Which of course explains this.


Meanwhile people outside of Africa show less variation due to these groups of people were existing out of small pockets, only a few hundred.



Now can we please throw away this myth that only certain Africans represent Africans?
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Nobody: 6:47pm On Feb 02, 2015
KidStranglehold:
@KenyanLady

Stop with the pseudo-science already. Horners are not apart of the "Caucasian race". That myth and your image has long been debunked by modern anthropology

Debunked by Afrocentric amateur Anthropologist. Some Africans still cling on to the idea that all black people are the same.


KidStranglehold:
And Fulaman IS right. Fulani's WERE grouped apart of the Caucasoid race along with the Tutsi's and other elongated Africans! By race obsessed western anthropologist during the 19th and early 20th century. Look up the "Hamitic race" which was said to be a subgroup of the Caucasian race. Fulanis were grouped in Hamitic along with Tutsi's, horners and others.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamitic

Yours and Terrycars arguments are just repeating the same ones of those racist past anthropologist who believed Africans looked one way.

Yeah right, Fulani and Tutsi looks no different from other sub saharan Africa population.
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by TerryCarr(m): 6:47pm On Feb 02, 2015
KidStranglehold:
Although the study's main focus was on Africa, Tishkoff and her colleagues studied DNA markers from around the planet, identifying 14 "ancestral clusters" for all of humanity. Nine of those clusters are in Africa. "You're seeing more diversity in one continent than across the globe, Tishkoff said.
Study Finds Africans More Genetically Diverse Than Other Populations
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/30/AR2009043002485.html
im talking about looks. all of these people are Asian


[img]http://dc376.4shared.com/img/fF-j-Fy1/s3/1312c4d2ac0/Chinese_Girl[/img]

[img]http://abagond.files./2009/09/orang_asli3.jpg[/img]
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Nobody: 6:49pm On Feb 02, 2015
KenyanLady:


Debunked by Afrocentric amateur Anthropologist. Some Africans still cling on to the idea that all black people are the same.




Yeah right, Fulani and Tutsi looks no different from other sub saharan Africa population.


How about you do like I suggested and look up the Hamitic "race" which was considered the "dark race" of the large Caucasian race.
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Nobody: 6:50pm On Feb 02, 2015
@Terrycar

*face/palm*
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Fulaman198(m): 6:52pm On Feb 02, 2015
KidStranglehold:


How about you do like I suggested and look up the Hamitic "race" which was considered the "dark race" of the large Caucasian race.


She's delusional

So hold on KenyanLady, these Fulani Nigerians from my hometown look like the typical "sub-saharan" African. Also an fyi, Fulani people are not really "sub-Saharan African" There are Fulanis living in the Sahara, and there are Fulanis living just south of the Sahara in the Sahel.

1 Like 1 Share

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Supper: 6:53pm On Feb 02, 2015
TerryCarr:

im saying the first humans look similar to those people

No, original humans, homo sapiens idaltu, certainly didn't look any thing them or any humans alive today, homo sapiens sapiens. Evolution doesn't stop for a group of people just because they inhabit the same place that's said to be where the original homo sapien arose from. IE Modern day ethiopians aren't going to possess the same genetics or phenotype as the homo sapiens idaltu.
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by TerryCarr(m): 6:53pm On Feb 02, 2015
Supper:


Anatolia [b]IS apart of Asia! smh And yes, the original turkic speaking peoples did arise out of Central Asia.[/b] Keep in mind I said turkic-SPEAKING people, not turkic-LOOKING people. Which is what I'm trying to drill into your head- that someone being Turkic or not is not based on what they looked like, but the language they speak.

So, for instance if we found out that the turkish langauge from Turkey's morphology, lexicon, and vocabulary is more in line with the original proto-turkic langauge than say, Turkic-Uighers from xinjiang, then guess what? Turks from Turkey would be more Turkic, than Uighers by the only sensible definition there is. Damn how they look.
you know what i meant tongue
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Nobody: 6:59pm On Feb 02, 2015
Ignoring @Terrycar spam.

Even though Africans are one of the most diverse whether genetically or phenotypcally. They still cluster towards one another unlike the people of Asia. The picture spam of "Asians" he posted to represent Asian diversity is moot, because most of the people he posted to do not cluster with one another. Western Asians like Arabs, Levantines, Jews,etc cluster more with Europeans(or even Africans) than they do with people in Central Asia or far East Asia.

The thing with Africa is there was constant gene-flow that occurred throughout the continent such as the PN2 clade that is found from southern Africa all the way to northern Africa, though there are other SNP clades and even other genetic factors like blood groupings, HLA, etc. that show constant gene-flow and interbreeding between various African groups. Geneflow has between different populations has occurred in Eurasia but not to the same extent as Africa due to longer periods of isolation caused by geographical features like extensive mountain ranges etc. But overall Eurasians are all related to each other since they all descend from a small population that left east Africa during the lower paleolithic. This is why East Africans out of all Africans have the most relation to Eurasians NOT because they are Eurasian mixed as some Euronuts believe but because Eurasians descend from them! East Africans themselves are merely a subset of the larger and more extensively diverse genepool of Africans.

So IMO Africans are more genetically related to one another compared to people in Asia(including Western Asia).

1 Like

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by ababda: 7:01pm On Feb 02, 2015
TerryCarr:

im talking about looks. all of these people are Asian


I think it is nearly about the same Terry.

Africans.


















[img]http://1.bp..com/-_k0Knu-CGXQ/Un9O_4O7VkI/AAAAAAAAqqM/WV78L_hvM_E/s320/nigerian-c.gif[/img]


1 Like

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Nobody: 7:03pm On Feb 02, 2015
Fulaman198:


She's delusional

So hold on KenyanLady, these Fulani Nigerians from my hometown look like the typical "sub-saharan" African. Also an fyi, Fulani people are not really "sub-Saharan African" There are Fulanis living in the Sahara, and there are Fulanis living just south of the Sahara in the Sahel.

According to Euronuts, Fulani pic you posted would be described as "Negroids" who mixed with wandering Caucasoid. According to Eurocentrics these Nigerian Fulanis would be grouped as "Hamitic".

1 Like

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by kandiikane(m): 7:03pm On Feb 02, 2015
Fulaman198:


She's delusional

So hold on KenyanLady, these Fulani Nigerians from my hometown look like the typical "sub-saharan" African. Also an fyi, Fulani people are not really "sub-Saharan African" There are Fulanis living in the Sahara, and there are Fulanis living just south of the Sahara in the Sahel.

The lady looks like a family member(don't know exactly how we are related) who use to live with us when I was a kid. Aminata Jallow, I have not seen her for about 15years now, ahh childhood memories.

1 Like

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Fulaman198(m): 7:05pm On Feb 02, 2015
kandiikane:


The lady looks like a family member(don't know exactly how we are related) who use to live with us when I was a kid. Aminata Jallow, I have not seen her for about 15years now, ahh childhood memories.


It doesn't surprise me as Jallow is a Fulani name ROFLLLLL
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Fulaman198(m): 7:07pm On Feb 02, 2015
KidStranglehold:


According to Euronuts, Fulani pic you posted would be described as "Negroids" who mixed with wandering Caucasoid. According to Eurocentrics these Nigerian Fulanis would be grouped as "Hamitic".


ROFL and the funny thing is that in traditional Fulani culture, mixing with anyone else except for Fulani has always been a HUGE Taboo which often got people shunned from the Fulani ethnic group. Not to sound racist, but whites were Taboo to the Fulani people in the 19th and 20th century and till this day there are Fulani sub-groups who wouldn't even think of it at all.

1 Like

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by kandiikane(m): 7:07pm On Feb 02, 2015
Fulaman198:



It doesn't surprise me as Jallow is a Fulani name ROFLLLLL
Yeah she is.

1 Like

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Fulaman198(m): 7:09pm On Feb 02, 2015
kandiikane:

Yeah she is.

Diallo/Jallow/Jalloh are all the same name with the same pronounciation cheesy
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Nobody: 7:15pm On Feb 02, 2015
Fulaman198:



ROFL and the funny thing is that in traditional Fulani culture, mixing with anyone else except for Fulani has always been a HUGE Taboo which often got people shunned from the Fulani ethnic group. Not to sound racist, but whites were Taboo to the Fulani people in the 19th and 20th century and till this day there are Fulani sub-groups who wouldn't even think of it at all.

Plus unlike with the Tuaregs there are no historical evidence of foreigners ever mixing with the Fulanis or even migrating down to where Fulanis live. Arabs and other foreigners for the most part were kept at bay by those powerful Western Sudanic states like Mali and Songhai.

1 Like

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by TerryCarr(m): 7:16pm On Feb 02, 2015
Supper:


No, original humans, homo sapiens idaltu, certainly didn't look any thing them or any humans alive today, homo sapiens sapiens. Evolution doesn't stop for a group of people just because they inhabit the same place that's said to be where the original homo sapien arose from. IE Modern day ethiopians aren't going to possess the same genetics or phenotype as the homo sapiens idaltu.
but you don't change much ether if you don't have much of an outside influence from others. these people been isolated for thousands of years


"The Andaman islands have been inhabited for several thousand years, at the very least. The earliest archaeological evidence yet documented goes back some 2,200 years; however, the indications from genetic, cultural and isolation studies suggests that the islands may have been inhabited as early as the Middle Paleolithic. The indigenous Andamanese people appear to have lived on the islands in substantial isolation from that time until the 18th century CE."


and then we got Aboriginal Australians
"in a genetic study in 2011, researchers found evidence, in DNA samples taken from strands of Aboriginal people's hair, that the ancestors of the Aboriginal population split off from the ancestors of the European and Asian populations between 62,000 and 75,000 years ago—roughly 24,000 years before the European and Asian populations split off from each other. These Aboriginal ancestors migrated into South Asia and then into Australia, where they stayed, with the result that, outside of Africa, the Aboriginal peoples have occupied the same territory continuously longer than any other human populations. These findings suggest that modern Aboriginal peoples are the direct descendants of migrants to leave Africa up to 75,000 years ago. This finding is supported by earlier archaeological finds of human remains near Lake Mungo that date to 45,000 years ago."

homo sapiens idaltu looks like an aboriginal to a degree
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Fulaman198(m): 7:18pm On Feb 02, 2015
KidStranglehold:


Plus unlike with the Tuaregs there are no historical evidence of foreigners ever mixing with the Fulanis or even migrating down to where Fulanis live. Arabs and other foreigners for the most part were kept at bay by those powerful Western Sudanic states like Mali and Songhai.

Very true, a white guy even admitted to it too when he did a documentary on one of the Fulani subgroups (Wodaabe Fulani).


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kZL2f-GrqY

He clearly states that Fulani people never mixed which is true, most Fulani don't even like to mix, though it has happened with neighbouring groups like the Hausa, Mande, Songhai and Touaregs.

However, these groups all became different names

Fulani + Mande = Wasulu/Wassolou
Fulani + Songhai = Gabero
Fulani + Tuareg = no term Fulani Tuareg I guess
Fulani + Hausa = Hausa-Fulani -_- (I know lame)
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Fulaman198(m): 7:20pm On Feb 02, 2015
TerryCarr:

but you don't change much ether if you don't have much of an outside influence from others. these people been isolated for thousands of years


"The Andaman islands have been inhabited for several thousand years, at the very least. The earliest archaeological evidence yet documented goes back some 2,200 years; however, the indications from genetic, cultural and isolation studies suggests that the islands may have been inhabited as early as the Middle Paleolithic. The indigenous Andamanese people appear to have lived on the islands in substantial isolation from that time until the 18th century CE."


and then we got Aboriginal Australians
"in a genetic study in 2011, researchers found evidence, in DNA samples taken from strands of Aboriginal people's hair, that the ancestors of the Aboriginal population split off from the ancestors of the European and Asian populations between 62,000 and 75,000 years ago—roughly 24,000 years before the European and Asian populations split off from each other. These Aboriginal ancestors migrated into South Asia and then into Australia, where they stayed, with the result that, outside of Africa, the Aboriginal peoples have occupied the same territory continuously longer than any other human populations. These findings suggest that modern Aboriginal peoples are the direct descendants of migrants to leave Africa up to 75,000 years ago. This finding is supported by earlier archaeological finds of human remains near Lake Mungo that date to 45,000 years ago."

homo sapiens idaltu looks like an aboriginal to a degree



Those guys in the Andaman islands could give Nilotic groups a run for their money in melanin composition.

1 Like

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by TerryCarr(m): 7:21pm On Feb 02, 2015
Fulaman198:


Those guys in the Andaman islands could give Nilotic groups a run for their money in melanin composition.
they are most likely the darkest people on the planet

1 Like

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by ababda: 7:24pm On Feb 02, 2015
TerryCarr:

but you don't change much ether if you don't have much of an outside influence from others. these people been isolated for thousands of years


"The Andaman islands have been inhabited for several thousand years, at the very least. The earliest archaeological evidence yet documented goes back some 2,200 years; however, the indications from genetic, cultural and isolation studies suggests that the islands may have been inhabited as early as the Middle Paleolithic. The indigenous Andamanese people appear to have lived on the islands in substantial isolation from that time until the 18th century CE."


and then we got Aboriginal Australians
"in a genetic study in 2011, researchers found evidence, in DNA samples taken from strands of Aboriginal people's hair, that the ancestors of the Aboriginal population split off from the ancestors of the European and Asian populations between 62,000 and 75,000 years ago—roughly 24,000 years before the European and Asian populations split off from each other. These Aboriginal ancestors migrated into South Asia and then into Australia, where they stayed, with the result that, outside of Africa, the Aboriginal peoples have occupied the same territory continuously longer than any other human populations. These findings suggest that modern Aboriginal peoples are the direct descendants of migrants to leave Africa up to 75,000 years ago. This finding is supported by earlier archaeological finds of human remains near Lake Mungo that date to 45,000 years ago."

homo sapiens idaltu looks like an aboriginal to a degree



I think that is more or less isolation Terry, for example any group of people that "let say" isolate themselves or marry within themselves will develop certain characteristics that separate themselves from other people. That is why certain groups nearly all look alike from a outside observer point of view. You see this around the world which is common sense.
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Fulaman198(m): 7:27pm On Feb 02, 2015
TerryCarr:

they are most likely the darkest people on the planet

They possibly are without a doubt. That isn't to say there aren't some Nilotics and Hausa people who can't be as dark but overall yah they probably are.

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by TerryCarr(m): 7:29pm On Feb 02, 2015
ababda:


I think that is more or less isolation Terry, for example any group of people that "let say" isolate themselves or marry within themselves will develop certain characteristics that separate themselves from other people. That is why certain groups nearly all look alike from a outside observer point of view.

true but when they mean isolation i think they mean very little contact with other parts of the world.
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by kandiikane(m): 7:35pm On Feb 02, 2015
Fulaman198:


Diallo/Jallow/Jalloh are all the same name with the same pronounciation cheesy
I know.

1 Like

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Nobody: 8:30pm On Feb 02, 2015
Fulaman198:


She's delusional

So hold on KenyanLady, these Fulani Nigerians from my hometown look like the typical "sub-saharan" African. Also an fyi, Fulani people are not really "sub-Saharan African" There are Fulanis living in the Sahara, and there are Fulanis living just south of the Sahara in the Sahel.

Desperate time calls for desperate measure, those people are mixed race.

KidStranglehold:


According to Euronuts, Fulani pic you posted would be described as "Negroids" who mixed with wandering Caucasoid. According to Eurocentrics these Nigerian Fulanis would be grouped as "Hamitic".

there's nothing special about these kids, the picture has been retouched/lightened.
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Fulaman198(m): 8:35pm On Feb 02, 2015
KenyanLady:


Desperate time calls for desperate measure, those people are mixed race.



there's nothing special about these kids, the picture has been retouched/lightened.

You are not all quite there in the brain. They are not mixed race, they are pure-blooded Fulani that speak fluent Fulfulde. Mixed race people can never speak the language of their parents.

Stop talking bullcrap,

So this girl from my city too is also mixed? I can link thousands of pictures.....

1 Like

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Nobody: 8:50pm On Feb 02, 2015
KenyanLady:


Desperate time calls for desperate measure, those people are mixed race.



there's nothing special about these kids, the picture has been retouched/lightened.

How so?

More importantly look at their features.

1 Like

Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Nobody: 9:22pm On Feb 02, 2015
Fulaman198:


You are not all quite there in the brain. They are not mixed race, they are pure-blooded Fulani that speak fluent Fulfulde. Mixed race people can never speak the language of their parents.

Stop talking bullcrap,

So this girl from my city too is also mixed? I can link thousands of pictures.....

Is this some kind of joke?

It is very obvious that She is biracial, She has thick beautiful hair, long neck and soft facial feature, that's mixed race traits.

She is not pure Fulani, so get over it,


KidStranglehold:


How so?

More importantly look at their features.

What about their features? they look unmixed sub Saharan African to me.
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by Fulaman198(m): 9:27pm On Feb 02, 2015
KenyanLady:


Is this some kind of joke?

It is very obvious that She is biracial, She has thick beautiful hair, long neck and soft facial feature, that's mixed race traits.

She is not pure Fulani, so get over it,




What about their features? they look unmixed sub Saharan African to me.


This is the biggest joke I have ever seen, she is 100% PURE Fulani, a Bororo Fulani to be exact, one still living the ancient lifestyle of a Fulani. She is not bi-racial because Fulani people don't mix often we believe it is Taboo and like to maintain who we are and our looks. You obviously have never met Fulani people before.

So all the Fulani in this song, we are all bi-racial and not pure then? I am having the best laugh in my whole life:


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wV_Wx3KdoO4
Re: Why Can't People Embrace Pan-africanism? Why So Much Hatred On This Forum?? by morpheus24: 9:31pm On Feb 02, 2015
KidStranglehold:

How so?
More importantly look at their features.

@ Kidstranglehold

You are beating your head against a stone wall trying to cure a brainwashed mind like Kenyalady.

She has always subscribed to the "Afro-Caucasoid" description for anything that is outside of what is considered the "TRUE NEGRO" phenotype and can't really get her head around the pseudo-science of it all even after several debunks by new age scientists who hardly even use those terminologies any longer.

She accuses people of being Afro-centric when in turn she is actually PROJECTING her innate insecurities about her looks. She really is infatuated with the "mixed" breed reality as the only evidence of differences in African phenotype and does not provide any concrete scientific evidence to explain this other than a FACIAL RECOGNITION TEST administered and peer reviewed by herself.


Stop wasting your time on the old lady, she is so 20th century.

4 Likes

(1) (2) (3) ... (38) (39) (40) (41) (42) (43) (44) ... (63) (Reply)

If You Can Speak Yoruba, Talk It In Here. Everybody Is Invited! / Owe Ile Yoruba -some Lovely Yoruba Proverbs And Their Meanings. / Yorubas, Please Help Me Translate These Words.

Viewing this topic: 1 guest(s)

(Go Up)

Sections: politics (1) business autos (1) jobs (1) career education (1) romance computers phones travel sports fashion health
religion celebs tv-movies music-radio literature webmasters programming techmarket

Links: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Nairaland - Copyright © 2005 - 2024 Oluwaseun Osewa. All rights reserved. See How To Advertise. 72
Disclaimer: Every Nairaland member is solely responsible for anything that he/she posts or uploads on Nairaland.