@henry24o when i saw ur post on denel 155mm/52 caliber artillery gun i remembered this one.




Dubbed as being 55% indigenous by content, this motorised howitzer was jointly developed by Indian TATA Power SED and South Africa’s DENEL Land Systems. Essentially a re-engineered version of DENEL’s T5-52 motorised howitzer.

DENEL Land Systems has supplied the monoblock gun barrel fitted with a double-baffle muzzle brake, gun cradle with an integrated buffer system, swing-and-slide breech mechanism, electrically-activated firing mechanism, autoloader/rammer, ballistics charts, muzzle velocity radar, an automatic laying and land navigation system using a RLG-INS, a panoramic optical-mechanical sight mounted directly to the trunnion, incorporating a compensation system for trunnion cant, which forms a backup for indirect fire, and a telescopic sight for direct fire that is mounted to the compensation system.

TATA Power SED, on the other hand, developed the digital ballistics computer, telecommunications system, the hydraulic system that supplies hydraulic power for deployment of the outriggers and the top-carriage hydraulics, all on-board electrical systems, the gun management computer, and the ‘Rajak’ driver’s vision enhancement system. The customised 8 x 8 truck comes from TATA Motors.

continue from above......

official brochure gives more info on the guns capability

[img]http://1.bp..com/-00BCRj_V_Bw/UMZQl-FC4vI/AAAAAAAACvk/SzCtakpnwQY/s320/TATA-1.jpg[/img]

[img]http://3.bp..com/-hf8Rr8Ful7o/UMZQ-bx7KMI/AAAAAAAACvs/5D3kNLueKKI/s320/TATA-2.jpg[/img]

[img]http://2.bp..com/-MH_idNFrl5M/VvKNiyp8CFI/AAAAAAAAqdc/QQX7_5Z5EBIwWTg6DmYTjuEkRRsd2hsyw/s1600/Kalyani_Bharat_52_Artillery_Gun_2.jpg[/img]

Bharat 52 KSSL's state-of-the-art Bharat-52 is a long-range 155mm/52 caliber gun. It is designed and developed in India. Bharat-52 is a futuristic towed gun, providing a highly maneuverable field artillery solution. It has been designed for accuracy, stability and reliability during moving and firing maneuvers, and is based on the requirements of the Indian Army. Bharat-52 is capable of a range exceeding 40km and utilizes self-propelling capability and automatic laying mode. The Anti-backlash drive for elevation and traverse make it a truly unique system and a robust solution for superior battlefield operation. It is designed to operate as an all- weather system and has superior all-terrain mobility. Extremely easy to deploy, it takes a team of six crew members to deploy the system within one minute during day time and 1.5 minutes during night time. Bharat-52 in self-propelled mode is capable of achieving a mobility of 30kmph using its own diesel engine and electronic steering system. it comes with automatic loading system.

tie up with elbit systems israel



during defense expo few African countries were interested in it.

The M777 is smaller and 42% lighter, at under 4,100 kg (9,000 lb), than the M198 it replaces. Most of the weight reduction is due to the use of titanium. The lighter weight and smaller size allows the M777 to be transported by the MV-22 Osprey, CH-47 helicopter or trucks with ease to provide increased mobility and more compact storage over the M198. The minimal gun crew required is five, compared to a previous nine.



The M777 uses a digital fire-control system similar to that found on self-propelled howitzers such as the M109A6 Paladin to provide navigation, pointing and self-location, allowing it to be put into action quickly. The Canadian M777 in conjunction with the traditional "glass and iron sights/mounts" also uses a digital fire control system called the Digital Gun Management System (DGMS) produced by SELEX with components of the Indirect Fire Control Software Suite (IFCSS) built by the Firepower team in the Canadian Army Land Software Engineering Centre.


The M777 may be combined with the Excalibur GPS-guided munition, which allows accurate fire at a range of up to 25 miles (40 km). This almost doubles the area covered by a single battery to about 1,250 km2. Testing at the Yuma Proving Ground by the US Army placed 13 of 14 Excalibur rounds, fired from up to 24 kilometres (15 mi), within 10 meters of their target, suggesting a circular error probable of about five meters.



Variants

M777 – gun with optical fire control
M777A1 – digitisation upgrades with the addition of an on-board power source, satellite global positioning, inertial navigation, radio, Gun Display Unit (GDU) and Section Chief Assembly (SCA).
M777A2 – Block 1A software upgrade. Addition of an Enhanced Portable Inductive Artillery Fuze Setter (EPIAFS) to enable Excalibur and precision munition compatibility.
M777ER - Experimental upgrade created by the Extended Range Cannon Artillery (ERCA) project modified with a 52-caliber barrel, adding 6 ft (1.8 m) to the cannon and less than 1,000 pounds (450 kg) to the overall system, extending range from 30 to 70 km (19 to 43 mi); concept only.

Ukrainian “Corsar” light portable missile system is intended to destroy stationary and moving modern armoured targets and other objects with combined, carried or monolithic armour, including ERA (explosive reactive armour), as well as pinpoint targets such as weapon emplacements, a tank in a trench, light-armoured objects and helicopters.

Firing can be carried out from the mount as well as from a trench parapet.

Maximum firing range 2500m
Flight time at maximum range 12s
Guidance system semiautomatic by laser beam

Warhead:
tandem hollow-charge, armour penetration behind ERA, not less than 550mm

high-explosive fragmentation with EFP, armour penetration, not less than 50mm

thermobaric

Weight, kg:

launcher 9.2

mount 6.3

missile in container 15.4


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxP9ih3pZMM

nemesis2u:
@henry24o when i saw ur post on denel 155mm/52 caliber artillery gun i remembered this one.




Dubbed as being 55% indigenous by content, this motorised howitzer was jointly developed by Indian TATA Power SED and South Africa’s DENEL Land Systems. Essentially a re-engineered version of DENEL’s T5-52 motorised howitzer.

DENEL Land Systems has supplied the monoblock gun barrel fitted with a double-baffle muzzle brake, gun cradle with an integrated buffer system, swing-and-slide breech mechanism, electrically-activated firing mechanism, autoloader/rammer, ballistics charts, muzzle velocity radar, an automatic laying and land navigation system using a RLG-INS, a panoramic optical-mechanical sight mounted directly to the trunnion, incorporating a compensation system for trunnion cant, which forms a backup for indirect fire, and a telescopic sight for direct fire that is mounted to the compensation system.

TATA Power SED, on the other hand, developed the digital ballistics computer, telecommunications system, the hydraulic system that supplies hydraulic power for deployment of the outriggers and the top-carriage hydraulics, all on-board electrical systems, the gun management computer, and the ‘Rajak’ driver’s vision enhancement system. The customised 8 x 8 truck comes from TATA Motors.

for SH-1
I think the main differences is the PGM,the weight,the communication system,and chassis
http://player.youku.com/embed/XMTU1MTIyNjU2
http://player.youku.com/embed/XNzc3Mzk1MTk2


pic : SH2 Self-propelled howitzer. this chassis has been sold to middle east for OEM.

following article from Russian site
http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product4157.html


The SH2 122mm self-propelled howitzer is the second 6x6 truck-mounted artillery system developed by China North Industries Group Corporation (NORINCO) in recent years. The artillery system was first revealed during the 2007 Abu Dhabi International Defence Exhibition (IDEX 2007) on 18~22 February. The SH2 was developed mainly for the export market, but it cannot be ruled out that the artillery system may also be adopted by the PLA in its airborne force and marine corps.

The main armament of the SH2 artillery system is a 122mm howitzer possible developed from the PL96 122mm towed cannon (Chinese copy of the Russian D-30) towed howitzer design. Like the PL96/D-30, the SH2 has a recoil-recuperator mechanism mounted above the gun barrel. The electric-operated howitzer has an elevation range of 0~70° and an azimuth range of +/- 30°. The howitzer has a rate of fire of 6~8 rounds/min. There are 24 rounds carried onboard the vehicle.

The howitzer has a maximum firing range of 22km when using the NORINCO Extended-Range, Full-Bore, Hollow-Base (ERFB-HB) round, or 27km when using the NORINCO Extended-Range, Full-Bore, Rocket-Assisted (ERFB-RA) round. The howitzer can also fire the Russian D-30 122mm ammunitions. NORINCO has been producing the 152/155mm laser-guided projectile based on the Russian Instrument Design Bureau (KBP) 152mm Krasnopol projectile design under license, but it is not known whether NORINCO has also obtained the license to produce the KBP Kitolov 122mm laser-guided projectile.

The artillery is mounted on a 6X6 wheeled chassis developed from a 4x4 HMMWV-like utility vehicle, with a maximum road speed of over 90km/h and a maximum range of 600km. The vehicle is capable of climbing 60% gradient., and has a turning radius of less than 13m. The artillery system is operated by a crew of 4~5 people, and has a combat weight of 11.5 tonnes. The system can transform between travelling and combat mode within 45~50 seconds. A typical mission of transforming from travelling mode to combat mode, firing six rounds, and transforming back to the travelling mode can be completed with 2 minutes.

The vehicle is equipped with two hydraulically operated stabilisers which are lowered in preparation for the firing. The artillery crew is seated inside an armour-protected driving cab. The vehicle is fitted with a central-inflating system, and can reach a maximum road speed of 90km/h. The artillery system can be airlifted by a large transport aircraft such as IL-76 or Y-8.

The SH2 is also equipped with a computerised fire-control system, including GPS navigation and positioning, targeting, and communications systems, all of which adopt the modular design for easy maintenance and upgrade. The artillery is used within a C4ISR network at company or battalion level.

video:
http://player.youku.com/embed/XNDY3MjI2NzYw
http://player.youku.com/embed/XODgzNzIyNTY=

please can you share information on Russian electronic warfare system

giles14:
please can you share information on Russian electronic warfare system

russia has lots of electronic warfare system, real authentic info is very hard to come by,
so u have use

1.russian open source info
2.us , european open source info on russian systems
3.analyse equipment from india and other countries who collaborate with russia, this one is very tricky and will need professionals.

will post later

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nemesis2u:
NOTE THE ANTI SPAM BANS ME WHEN SOMEBODY QUOTES MY POST, SO KINDLY REMOVE ANY PHOTO LINKS FROM THE QUOTE WHEN REPLYING TO ME USING THE SAID QUOTE.

Hahahahaaaa a....

That means u r in serious shiit, I noticed ur are not that active these days, watch website u get ur information and pictures from.

BASICS:

Electronic warfare (EW) is any action involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack of an enemy, or impede enemy assaults via the spectrum. The purpose of electronic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of, and ensure friendly unimpeded access to, the EM spectrum. EW can be applied from air, sea, land, and space by manned and unmanned systems, and can target humans, communications, radar, or other assets.

Electronic warfare includes three major subdivisions:
electronic attack (EA),
electronic protection (EP), and
electronic warfare support (ES).


The SPN-2 (1RL248-2) Heart Ache noise jamming system is designed to deny enemy reconnaissance and observation of area and small-size ground objects by airborne side-looking radars, air-to-surface guided weapons control radars, as well as navigation and low-altitude flight control radars.

During the Cold War, the former Soviet Union recognized the importance of Electronic Warfare (EW) and made a major investment in electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM), as well as lethal and nonlethal countermeasures. Soviet writings on EW are included under broader topics such as security, command and control, reconnaissance, air defense, and camouflage. This treatment of electronic warfare in the context of routine operations indicates that the Soviets consider EW to be integral to all combat actions.

The Russians now have a full Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership & Education, Personnel, and Facilities (DOTMLPF) Electronic Warfare Capability, based around the doctrine of Radio Electronic Combat (REC). “REC combined signals intelligence, direction finding, intensive jamming, deception, and destructive fires to attack enemy organizations and systems through their means of control. The purpose of REC is to limit, delay, or nullify the enemy's use of his command and control systems, while protecting Russian systems by electronic counter-countermeasures. An estimated goal of the system is to destroy or to disrupt a majority of the enemy's command, control, and weapon system communications, either by jamming or by destructive fires,” Global Security reported.

REC targets include:

Artillery, rocket, and air force units that possess nuclear projectiles or missiles and their associated control system.
Command posts, observation posts, communications centers, and radar stations.
Field artillery, tactical air force, and air defense units limited to conventional firepower.
Reserve forces and logistics centers.
Point targets that may jeopardize advancing Russian forces, e.g, dug-in tanks, antitank guided missile emplacements, bunkers, and direct fire guns.


The Pelena-1 jamming system is designed to jam airborne early warning radars of AWACS-type aircraft.

Russian forces combine a variety of equipment and platforms to achieve these effects. The single most important thing to note is that Russian EW forces have the capability to degrade or defeat US Ground Force C4 capabilities, including GPS/Position-Navigation and Timing (PNT) capabilities, and air defense and fires radars – all US Army spectrum using emitters from fires control systems to SATCOM radios to cellphones are targeted and can be affected.

Equipment includes UASs as well as rotary and fixed-wing aviation equipped with Electronic Attack (EA) capabilities, designed to be able to detect and suppress electronic command-and-control systems as well as the radars of surface-to air and air-to-air missiles. Ground platforms can be Soldier or platform-based, mounted on BTRs (Russia’s amphibious personnel carrier) or other vehicles. Russian EW also includes large, powerful and highly versatile ground-based systems located in military districts for the purposes of homeland defense.

By 2020, Russian Electronic Warfare forces plan to update more than 60 percent of their equipment. Russian EW improvements include electronic warfare systems addressing the full spectrum of threats, “from NATO ships to missiles to future hypersonic weapons," according to Sputnik News. Igor Nasenkov, first deputy director general of the Radioelectronic Technologies Concern (KRET), a subsidiary of the Russian state corporation Rostec, stated that the Rychag-AV active jamming station mounted onboard provides collective protection for fixed-wing and rotor-wing aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, land vehicles and surface ships within an area of several hundred kilometers. This station can suppress various targets simultaneously and can be installed both on helicopters and on ships, fixed-wing aircraft, and land vehicles.


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lets look into

Krasukha EW System

plz note ‘Krasukha-2’ and ‘Krasukha-4’ systems are anti air assets.

The Krasukha (Красуха) is a mobile, ground-based, electronic warfare (EW) system. This system is produced by the KRET corporation on different wheeled platforms. The Krasukha's primary targets are airborne radio-electronics (such as UAVs) and airborne systems guided by radar. The Krasukha has multiple applications in the Russian Armed Forces.


1. Krasukha-2 :

[img]http://image.tccl.info/rs100.galaxypub.vn/staticFile/Subject/2015/08/28/292249/viet-nam-mua-he-thong-krasuha-2-datviet.vn-06_282247731-681x351.jpg[/img]

The Krasukha-2 AEW&C jammer and the associated 1L266E EW control system, is produced by the Gradient subsidiary defense electronics conglomerate Kret (Concern Radio-Electronic Technologies).

the system is effective against spacecraft and if necessary, the complex can simply burn out all electronic systems of enemy aircraft, missiles or low-orbit satellites.

The 1L269 Krasukha-2 is a ground-based electronic warfare (EW) system intended to neutralize Airborne Warning and Control Systems (AWACS) by jamming its radar at ranges of up to 250 kilometers. Besides, the Krasukha-2 can provide protection to ground forces on the march by jamming any airborne radar, radar-guided weapon system or radar-guided missile. The missiles jammed by the 1L269 are unable to reach their intended target because they are provided with a false target away from the real one. The false target is finally hit by the jammed missile or weapon system. The Russian Armed Forces use the 1L269 Krasuha-2 to protect the Iskander tactical ballistic missile units. The KRET corporation produces this EW system integrated onto a tactical truck system.


it uses noise jamming and can theoretically damage electronic systems. Its effects depend on range, the target’s susceptibility and the coupling mechanism, the route by which the jammer signal reaches the target radar’s amplifiers and receivers. The impact of a microwave weapon can vary, from overloads that require the system to be reset, to irreversible thermal damage of vulnerable components. An indication of the narrowness and intensity of the Krasukha-2’s main lobe beam is that it is fitted with the Orientir high-precision GPS system, comprising three Glonass receivers on a triangular frame, which is also used on long-range surveillance radars.

2. Krasukha-4 :

The 1RL257 or Krasukha-4 is a Russian-made mobile electronic warfare system designed and manufactured by the Company Bryansk Electromechanical Plant (KRET). The Krasukha-4 is intended to neutralize Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) spy satellites, ground-based radars and airborne radars (AWACS) at ranges between 150 to 300 kilometers. The system is also able to cause damage to the enemy's EW (Electronic Warfare) systems and communications. In November 2013, Russia’s Defense Ministry has received the first electronic warfare system Krasukha-4. The stations, which will complement Krasukha-2 units already in use by the Russian army, will provide the military with powerful radar jamming capability. More specifically, the Krasukha-4 has been described as a tool against “flying radars,” such as the USAF E-8 Joint STARS aircraft, or reconnaissance satellites - like the United States’ Lacrosse satellite - and a means of protection against surveillance and combat unmanned aerial vehicles, otherwise known as drones.

Equipment

A large turret is mounted at the top of a shelter mounted at the rear of an 8x8military truck chassis. Two circular antenna are mounted on each side of the turret. A telescopic mast with another antenna is fitted at the rear of the turret. In travel position, the turret is stored inside the shelter. In combat position, two hydraulic stabilizers are lowered on the ground mounted on each side of the shelter.

Design

The 1RL257 Krasukha-4 vehicle is fitted with a crew cabin at the front and one shelter mounted at the rear of the truck chassis. The cab can be fitted with a class 5a armour which provides a protection against firing of small arms AKM 7.62mm.

Mobility

The 1RL257 Krasukha-4 is based on a Kamaz 6350 8x8 military truck chassis. The truck is motorized with the KamAZ-740.50-360 diesel engine developing 360hp. The truck can run at maximum speed of 95 km/h with a maximum road range of 1,000 km. the truck design ensures the fording depth of 1.75m.

Combat use

Mobile electronic warfare systems "Krasuha-4" suppress spy satellites, ground-based radars and airborne systems AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control System). The Krasukha-4 system works by creating powerful jamming at the fundamental radar frequencies and other radio-emitting sources. Krasukha-4 is able to effectively shield objects on the ground against radio-locating surveillance satellites, ground-based radars, or aircraft-installed Airborne Warning and Control Systems (AWACS), according the manufacturer. Interference caused by Krasukha-4 will render radio-controlled missile attacks ineffective. The system has been designed to counter attacks from enemies possessing advanced technologies.

it is a complementary jammer, to the Krasukha-S2. Krasuha-4 is an X-band system designed for use against tactical airborne radars and AGS systems. Both Krasukha systems can operate independently, but are mainly intended to work as part of a multiplatform electronic attack force, with multiple, widely separated jammer locations used to increase the chances of jamming through a target’s main beam.




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the Russian Armed Forces have adopted the latest passive radar system known as the Moscow-1, which can cover a 2.5 times larger area than its previous counterparts. The Moscow-1 system is developed by the Radio-Electronic Technologies concern (KRET).

It scans the airspace and, once detecting enemy aircraft containing radio elements, transmits the data to electronic warfare systems, anti-aircraft batteries and Air Force Headquarters so that they can neutralize the targets.
The Moscow-1 operates as a passive radar system. This means it captures intrinsic emissions from targets and remains invisible to the enemy. The Moscow-1 system requires a crew of 4. The deployment time is 45 minutes. According to Vladimir Mikheyev, head of the department dealing with state defense procurement orders at KRET, the Moscow-1 detects emissions from aircraft and cruise missiles at a distance of 400 kilometers, and is also capable of identifying the type and degree of threat.

"When flying, a cruise missile transmits 5-6 signals at the same time. Specifically, it maintains radio contact with its control station, scans the terrain with a radio altimeter, communicates with satellite navigation systems such as GPS, and finally identifies the target," Mr. Mikheyev said in an interview to Russia's Izvestia newspaper. The database of the Moscow-1 system contains a large number of facilities, including foreign ones. The database is constantly updated with the latest information gathered by intelligence services and divisions of the Ministry of Defense. The experience of operating the Moscow-1 can be compared to a computer strategy game. The air situation picture is immediately displayed on multiple screens. Using a tablet PC, the operator selects a means of destruction and identifies a target to be hit.

Ground complex "Moscow-1" is intended for conducting electronic intelligence, management of radio interference and jamming (REP). The system allows you to scan the airspace and detect vehicles equipped with radioactive elements and enemy projectiles in the passive radar, ie picks their own radio waves, and then transmits the data to other media or EW systems, air defense and air force to neutralize and destroy targets.

So complex Moscow-1 does:
- electronic intelligence (passive radar up to 400km)
- managment of radio interference
- jamming

Besides being passive radar system it apparently has its ECM/ECCM conponent too as the complex is comprised of:

- 1L265E control station
- 3x 1L266E radar jammers mounted on Kamaz trucks.

and specifications:

- 4 crew
- 45 minute deployment time
- -40/+50 °C

And Moscow-1 will work in conjunction with the systems Krasuha-2 and Krasuha-4 and is intendent to replace previous system Mauzer-1.

The 1L266E control center and the 1L265E ground-to-air electronic reconnaissance vehicle together form the 1L267 Moscow-1 system. The 1L265E simultaneously scans all wavebands from 100 MHz to 18 GHz—from VHF through the Ku-band—using interferometry for precise location, according to Kret.




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Credit: Bill Sweetman/AW&ST

The Autobaza-M passive surveillance system is a large, complex device carried on five Kamaz 8x8 trucks. The receive antennas are mounted on scissor lifts and the mast-mounted antennas carry intra-system data links.

Avtobaza-M uses time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) processing to locate targets with a precision that is about 2% of detection range, and operates from 200 MHz-18 GHz, covering most radar and communications frequencies. It can also detect radio-frequency energy from radar and other sources that is scattered by the target.

Land-based TDOA systems (such as the Czech Vera-NG) have been in use for many years, but Avtobaza’s designers claim it is the fastest, most sensitive system on the market. They also say the use of a passive TDOA system reduces the need for active radar and jammer use, making those systems less detectable and, consequently, more survivable.

Avtobaza-M is designed to detect and track low-probability-of-intercept (LPI) radars, the manufacturer says. These radars may “hop” within a 500 MHz bandwidth, without dwelling in a single frequency for more than 2 sec. The system comprises four detection and direction-finding stations, with a 16-antenna receiver array, and a central information processing station with a single antenna optimized for analysis and identification. The receive antennas are mounted on scissor-lift elevating platforms.

TDOA systems can locate targets with three stations, but the Avtobaza system uses up to five, to provide redundancy and resolve ambiguities. If the terrain permits, the stations can be located at different heights, allowing the system to measure target altitude as well as range and bearing.

The 30-meter (98-ft.) communications masts provide line-of-sight data links over long distances, using high-gain directional antennas. This helps assure the system’s own LPI, which is further enhanced by using Wi-Fi-like waveforms that blend with civilian signals.




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Russia produces many EW complexes eg “Borisoglebsk-2”, “Alurgit”, “infauna”, “Krasuha-2”, “Krasuha-C4” “Moscow-1”, “Parodist”, “Lorand-M”, “Leer-2”, “Leer-3”, “little forest”, “Loess”, “Magnesium-EW”, “Field-21”, "mercury" , “Vitebsk” , “Khibiny-M” , “Himalaya” , “Harmony” , “Porubschik” , "Murmansk-BN" , "Zhitel" and many more.

info is very less or unreliable at best.
i gave u the names and so time to use google


Murmansk-BN

[img]http://russiandefpolicy.files./2015/10/infauna.jpg[/img]
Infauna



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latest Chinese armed anti-riot vehicles,faster,lighter weight,use of more composite materials,

USS Cyclone Patrol Ships



Length, Overall 51.62 M (169 ft 4 1/4 in.)


Beam, Maximum 7.62 m (25 feet)


Length at design


waterline (DWL) 48.00 m (157 ft 5 3/4 in.)


Draft above Bottom of


Keel Corresponding to


Full Load

Displacement 2.14 m. (7.02 ft)


Displacement, Full


Load 315.32 tonnes (SW) [310-34 L Tons (SW)]


Height of highest


projection above


baseline to lowest


projection below


baseline 17.77 m (58 ft 3 3/4 in.)


Superstructure


Material 5086 Aluminum


Fuel Capacity 47,772 Liter (12,620 gallons)


Fresh Water Capacity 4,701 liter (1,242 gallons)


Lubricating Oil 568 liter (150 gallons)


Boats (1) 20' RIB, (2) Combat Rubber Raiding Craft (Large)


Crew 30 persons

Capacity (including
crew) 39 persons
Maximum Speed
(sea state 1, 50% fuel
capacity) 35 knots


Cruising Speed
(sea state 3, 50 % fuel
capacity) 25 knots


Minimum


maneuvering speed 3 knots


Seaworthiness Survive through sea state 5

Minimum Range 2000 nautical miles at most economical speed over 12
knots

Endurance 10 days


Propulsion Engines Manufacturer: Paxman, Type: Valenta 16CM Diesel, Model
16RP200M, Rating 3350 bhp @ 1500 engine rpm, QTY: 4
Reduction Gearbox Manufacturer: Reintjes, Model WVS


Armament

- 2 MK-38 25mm

- 2 50 CAL. Machine guns

- 6 Stinger missiles

- 2 MK-19 grenade launcher

- 4 GPMG machine guns

Samyukta is a mobile integrated electronic warfare system.
The System is fully mobile and is meant for tactical battlefield use. It covers wide range of frequencies and coverage of electromagnetic spectrum is handled by the communication segment and the non-communication segment. Its functions include various ELINT, COMINT and electronic attack(ECM) activities.

It is an integrated EW system covering the 1.5MHz–40GHz bandwidth. The system comprises both communications (com) and non-communications (non-com) segments and encompasses 145 wheeled vehicles for housing sensors for electronic surveillance, interception, monitoring, analysis and jamming of all communications and radar signals.

[img]http://3.bp..com/_44d3OT-xI3U/SagPDBDQbCI/AAAAAAAAAog/n2E03ydZ6-0/s400/IMAGE0038.JPG[/img]

Samyukta, developed by DRDO's Defence Electronics & Research Laboratory (DLRL) along with IA's Signal Corps is a 145 vehicle based integrated EW system consisting of electronic intelligence (ELINT), communications intelligence (COMINT) combined with electronic countermeasures (ECM) and electronic support measures (ESM) blocks covering both radar and communication frequency bands ranging from 1.5 MHz - 40 GHz i.e all the way from High Frequency (HF) to Millimetre Wave (MMW).

Samyukta which is capable of intercepting, detecting and classifying pulsed, CW, PRF agile, frequency agile and chirp radars is very much in keeping with the move towards wideband digitally flexible SIGINT systems in the ISR domain to deal with an increasingly congested and complex threat spectrum. The key enabler of wideband jamming capability in the case of Samyukta is a multiple beam jammer array antenna with Rotman lens that can handle numerous threats simultaneously in X - Ku bands.

Work is now underway on a sub-project of Samyukta, called ‘Samrat’, under which the design and development of indigenous communications EW receivers for search, monitoring, direction-finding (single and multi-channel), analysis and decoding in the HF/VHF and UHF frequency ranges along with associated systems control/applications software development is now being undertaken. Thus far, technologies have been developed for compact low-noise, high-dynamic range HF (0.5-30MHz) and V/UHF (20-3,000MHz) search-cum-monitoring receivers for COMINT suites, as well as for new-generation narrow- band signals classifier, and the demodulator and decoder sub-system.

The com segment’s COMINT/ELINT sensors include those for detecting emissions from pulsed airborne synthetic aperture radars (SAR), from the active radars of air-to-surface precision guided-munitions and from radar altimeters, from airborne early warning & control radars, and from terrain-following radars while they are still 150km away. The three types of active jammers employed include those for wide-band jamming of hostile field artillery radio proximity fuzes over an area of 600,000 square metres, and for simultaneous jamming up to eight hostile X-band airborne radars in azimuth and elevation. SAR radars operating up to 80km away can be jammed, while the X-band monopulse pulse-Doppler airborne radars of combat aircraft can be jammed out to a distance of 50km. The efficient emitting power of the jammer is not less than 580kW. The jammers can be deployed in two patterns: 16 as a battalion, and 6 as a company.

Frequency detection sensitivity is 110-123dB/W, while the frequency measurement accuracy is 1MHz. Bearing accuracy is automatically achieved between 1-3 degrees. The measurement accuracy of temporal pulse parameters 0.05 milli-second at a pulsed length of 0-2-70 milli-seconds. The measurement accuracy of the pulsed repetition period is 0.05 milli-second for a minimal pulse duration of 1 milli-second. Measurement accuracy of the pulse string-repetition period is 0.1 second. The system’s internal database contains frequency libraries of up to 2,000 types of radars. Another type of jammer operates in the 13,333-17,554MHz frequency bandwidthand can process incoming signals like simple-pulse, quasi-continuous wave (CW) and CW, pulsed chirp-modulated, and phase code-shift keyed with pseudo-random frequency-tuning signals. The input sensitivity of a receiver fitted with frequency determination and reproduction sensors is minus 90, while the radiated power is 600 Watt. The frequency-accurate interference signals reproduction is +/-0.5MHz. Spectrum-matching of the reproduced interference signal is fully automated. Jamming signals emitted include MP-1, MP-2, MP-1 + noise, MP-2 + noise, quasi-CW noise, spot jamming in frequency and range deception signals. The system can also jam GPS signals out to a distance of 70km, and multi-frequency autodyne radio proximity fuzes.

The non-com component’s COMINT/ELINT suites can operate autonomously and are also available in man-portable versions with GIS and digital moving map overlays. They can undertake panoramic frequency-band surveillance and produce time-and-frequency analysis in three formats: gain-frequency panorama, time-and-frequency panorama, and frequency-intensity panorama. Frequencies are monitored in the 30-18,000MHz bandwidth, and the direction-finding error is not more than 3 degrees. The suites are thus optimised for providing search, intercept, analysis and monitoring capabilities of hostile communications emissions.

[img]http://111.93.190.219/bel/writereaddata/SAMYUKTA-NONCOM.jpg[/img]

Realizing that though effective, the Samyukta system is meant for large scale forward deployment in the plains, IA and DLRL are now birthing an IEWS for mountainous terrain or IEWS-MT. For effective deployment in high altitude areas, IEWS-MT will obviously have to sport lighter weight electronic systems and will exhibit some of the new technology features outlined above. Tata Power SED has been selected as system integrator for this 186 million US dollar program. TPSED will develop and supply two IEWS-MT systems that include ECM, ESM packages for electromagnetic spectrum scanning, location-fixing of enemy transmitters, jamming, interception of enemy communications, both cellular and radar.

DLRL is also venturing into developing more compact and modular ELINT systems such as the 'Sujav' which it says is meant for high accuracy DF and jamming of communication transceivers. It covers HF, VHF & UHF ranges and is available in cluster configuration for army use or in suite configuration for naval usage. It has also developed the 'Safari' IED suppression system for IA and paramilitary forces. DRDO's various jammers naturally employ digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) techniques for digital flexibility.

fun fact china try to steal it by hacking into Indian defense servers.
but it was detected, how much they stole is classified.


NOTE THE ANTI SPAM BOT BANS ME WHEN SOMEBODY QUOTES MY POST, SO KINDLY REMOVE ANY PHOTO LINKS FROM THE QUOTE WHEN REPLYING TO ME USING THE SAID QUOTE

The Cyclone class ship is America's first line of defence in the event of a military confrontation with Iran.

They are a 51 meters Coastal Patrol Vessel designed to effectively patrol coastal waters. They have an endurance of 10 days, a crew complement of 38 crew including 8 Special Forces soldiers. Armament includes 6x Stinger missiles, 2x 25mm guns and other HMGs.



For countries like Nigeria that have a piracy problem, instead of wholly investing in 92meters OPVs, ships like the Cyclone class present an interesting proposition.



At 51 meters, the cyclone is in the class of naval vessels the Nigerian navy can comfortably build.

bidexiii:


Hahahahaaaa a....

That means u r in serious shiit, I noticed ur are not that active these days, watch website u get ur information and pictures from.

the way anti spam bot filters spam is configured incorrectly.

here it simply sees the no of pictures and image size u add using the insert image button, if it is more than 2 and exceeds a set total fixed image size , then it blocks the post.

if the no of pictures is more than 2 but within the set total fixed image size for a single post, then the anti spam bot is not triggered.

last time i got banned because, chinese8107 quoted my post which already had 2 pictures in it but when he added my quote plus his pictures to his post, the anti spam bot got triggered.

instead of banning chinese8107 it banned me because my post was quoted.

i think the anti spam bot is RACIST

nemesis2u:
Samyukta is a mobile integrated electronic warfare system.
The System is fully mobile and is meant for tactical battlefield use. It covers wide range of frequencies and coverage of electromagnetic spectrum is handled by the communication segment and the non-communication segment. Its functions include various ELINT, COMINT and electronic attack(ECM) activities.

It is an integrated EW system covering the 1.5MHz–40GHz bandwidth. The system comprises both communications (com) and non-communications (non-com) segments and encompasses 145 wheeled vehicles for housing sensors for electronic surveillance, interception, monitoring, analysis and jamming of all communications and radar signals.




Samyukta, developed by DRDO's Defence Electronics & Research Laboratory (DLRL) along with IA's Signal Corps is a 145 vehicle based integrated EW system consisting of electronic intelligence (ELINT), communications intelligence (COMINT) combined with electronic countermeasures (ECM) and electronic support measures (ESM) blocks covering both radar and communication frequency bands ranging from 1.5 MHz - 40 GHz i.e all the way from High Frequency (HF) to Millimetre Wave (MMW).

Samyukta which is capable of intercepting, detecting and classifying pulsed, CW, PRF agile, frequency agile and chirp radars is very much in keeping with the move towards wideband digitally flexible SIGINT systems in the ISR domain to deal with an increasingly congested and complex threat spectrum. The key enabler of wideband jamming capability in the case of Samyukta is a multiple beam jammer array antenna with Rotman lens that can handle numerous threats simultaneously in X - Ku bands.

Work is now underway on a sub-project of Samyukta, called ‘Samrat’, under which the design and development of indigenous communications EW receivers for search, monitoring, direction-finding (single and multi-channel), analysis and decoding in the HF/VHF and UHF frequency ranges along with associated systems control/applications software development is now being undertaken. Thus far, technologies have been developed for compact low-noise, high-dynamic range HF (0.5-30MHz) and V/UHF (20-3,000MHz) search-cum-monitoring receivers for COMINT suites, as well as for new-generation narrow- band signals classifier, and the demodulator and decoder sub-system.

The com segment’s COMINT/ELINT sensors include those for detecting emissions from pulsed airborne synthetic aperture radars (SAR), from the active radars of air-to-surface precision guided-munitions and from radar altimeters, from airborne early warning & control radars, and from terrain-following radars while they are still 150km away. The three types of active jammers employed include those for wide-band jamming of hostile field artillery radio proximity fuzes over an area of 600,000 square metres, and for simultaneous jamming up to eight hostile X-band airborne radars in azimuth and elevation. SAR radars operating up to 80km away can be jammed, while the X-band monopulse pulse-Doppler airborne radars of combat aircraft can be jammed out to a distance of 50km. The efficient emitting power of the jammer is not less than 580kW. The jammers can be deployed in two patterns: 16 as a battalion, and 6 as a company.



fun fact china try to steal it by hacking into Indian defense servers.
but it was detected, how much they stole is classified.

Any reliable sources ? So easy to be stolen ? Yes maybe it's still valuable that worth a steal.Till quantuan encription applied

From Edward Snowden , We have learnt that USA is hacking and spying the whole world.
And hackers keep on hacking each other.
I Wish india hack more Chinese defense server before China adapt quantuan encription http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11216766/China-builds-computer-network-impenetrable-to-hackers.html


http://www.nature.com/news/quantum-communications-leap-out-of-the-lab-1.15093

India is able to jam a GPS (global positioning system),while USA ,UK and China is about to switch to QPS(quantum positioning system)，However other means of communication such as V/UHF,ect. still needs to be jammed ,so keep on working.Good work.
http://osnetdaily.com/2014/05/new-quantum-positioning-system-steps-in-when-gps-fails/
One thing I have to remind you,GPS/BeiDou can send and receive short message between terminals.It's not only a positioning system,but it's only limitted for militray communication the so called satellite data link

Henry24o:
The Cyclone class ship is America's first line of defence in the event of a military confrontation with Iran.

They are a 51 meters Coastal Patrol Vessel designed to effectively patrol coastal waters. They have an endurance of 10 days, a crew complement of 38 crew including 8 Special Forces soldiers. Armament includes 6x Stinger missiles, 2x 25mm guns and other HMGs.



For countries like Nigeria that have a piracy problem, instead of wholly investing in 92meters OPVs, ships like the Cyclone class present an interesting proposition.



At 51 meters, the cyclone is in the class of naval vessels the Nigerian navy can comfortably build.

my thoughts exactly bro
Littoral platforms in the size of 45-55meters(OPV) armed with guns and 4× whatever missile we can get would solve our problems...And ships of this of this class up to 70metres can finally fill the 10 OPVs plan of the NN


meanwhile am learning from Oga Nemesis like I used to learn from Lachit

Odunayaw:
my thoughts exactly bro
Littoral platforms in the size of 45-55meters(OPV) armed with guns and 4× whatever missile we can get would solve our problems...And ships of this of this class up to 70metres can finally fill the 10 OPVs plan of the NN


meanwhile am learning from Oga Nemesis like I used to learn from Lachit

Atleast 5 ships in the 45-55 meters class to complement our current fleet of vessels. We already have NNS Andoni II at 40 meters which is a very decent littoral combat size. 4 more ships, 50 meters armed with 2x 30mm guns, 4x anti-ship missiles and guns would do just fine, and i would want them locally built.



Instead of investing in larger OPVs, we invest in proper corvettes. Proper Type-056 corvettes. The Navy is currently lacking proper fighting ships.



Lachit and Nemesis are the exact same person, no need to bother your horses. The good thing is, unlike at Beegeagle were comments are restricted and is quite difficult to navigate, he faces none of that here. There's a lot of room for free thinking, navigation and content right here.


The Chinese guy is also good, I like his Chinese angle to equipment alternatives.


In all, it's all fun. It would be more fun to me when we start building a lot of sh1t like the South-Africans locally.

Odunayaw:
my thoughts exactly bro
Littoral platforms in the size of 45-55meters(OPV) armed with guns and 4× whatever missile we can get would solve our problems...And ships of this of this class up to 70metres can finally fill the 10 OPVs plan of the NN


meanwhile am learning from Oga Nemesis like I used to learn from Lachit

Atleast 5 ships in the 45-55 meters class to complement our current fleet of vessels. We already have NNS Andoni II at 40 meters which is a very decent littoral combat size. 4 more ships, 50 meters armed with 2x 30mm guns, 4x anti-ship missiles and guns would do just fine, and i would want them locally built.



Instead of investing in larger OPVs, we invest in proper corvettes. Proper Type-056 corvettes. The Navy is currently lacking proper fighting ships.



Lachit and Nemesis are the exact same person, no need to bother your horses. The good thing is, unlike at Beegeagle were comments are restricted and is quite difficult to navigate, he faces none of that here. There's a lot of room for free thinking, navigation and content right here. If you doubt me, mention HAL's LCA in a bad light and see him pounce, the Indians love their LCA.


The Chinese guy is also good, I like his Chinese angle to equipment alternatives.


In all, it's all fun. It would be more fun to me when we start building a lot of sh1t like the South-Africans locally.

chinese8107:


Any reliable sources ? So easy to be stolen ? Yes maybe it's still valuable that worth a steal.Till quantuan encription applied

Wish india hack more Chinese defense server before China adapt quantuan encription http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11216766/China-builds-computer-network-impenetrable-to-hackers.html


http://www.nature.com/news/quantum-communications-leap-out-of-the-lab-1.15093

google to find the source.

what is quantuan encryption ?
never heard of it.

India poor country, no talent , cannot hack Chinese defense server.

only American Israeli french British Japanese Russia can hack Chinese defense server.

nothing is fool proof, indirect methods can be used to break quantum encryption.

In computer encryption, two related numbers are used for the encryption and decryption, making it easy to calculate but hard to reverse.
But quantum computers are expected to outperform traditional computers and crack this problem by using hundreds of atoms, essentially in parallel, to quickly factor huge numbers because data is encoded in the 'spin' of individual electrons.
Unlike standard computers, quantum bits, or qubits can exist in multiple states at once rather than the binary 1 or 0 of conventional bits.
This means they can perform multiple calculations in parallel and hold far more information than normal bits.

allow me to enlighten you on one method to break quantum encryption which i am aware of.

Quantum cryptography is thought to be secure for three main reasons.

1.the quantum no cloning theorem states that an unknown quantum state cannot be cloned. Theoretically, messages sent using quantum cryptography would be in an unknown quantum state, so they could not be copied and sent on.
2.in a quantum system, which can be in one of two states, any attempt to measure the quantum state will disturb the system. A quantum message that is intercepted and read by an eavesdropper will become garbled and useless to the intended recipient of the message.
3.the effects produced by measuring a quantum property are irreversible, which means an eavesdropper cannot “put back” a quantum message to its original state.

These three properties provide the power of quantum encryption.

the main fact is that observing a quantum property irrevocably alters the object being observed. i hope u know Heisenberg uncertainty principle . if you dont, the following analogy will give you a idea.

It is as if you send naughty photos of your girlfriend you took before, to your girlfriend via mail (letter) and nemesis2u in the post office opens the mail and sees the naughty pictures, and then all of the photos become scrambled and is rendered un-observable. Furthermore, the photos cannot be put back to the way it was. Now the letter is of no use to your girlfriend, as it can be seen that someone broke into the letter and saw all the naught photos . it is another matter that your girlfriend is gonna beat the shit out of you and this has nothing to do with quantum encryption , maybe QUANTUM BEATING

Current quantum systems using as little as 1 photons per bit are thought to be secure, but it has been shown that eavesdropper armed with foreseeable but not currently available technology may be able to successfully intercept these low level signals.

A HEART BREAKING STORY ON HOW nemesis2u BROKE QUANTUM ENCRYPTION BEING USED BY chinese8107 and his girlfriend "ling" TO TRANSMIT NAUGHTY PICTURES BETWEEN THEMSELVES.

using quantum cryptographic techniques, the sender "chinese8107" generates a secret key by encoding classical bit values of 0 and 1 using two different quantum states of photons, or particles of light. The receiver "ling" reads off these bit values using a detector that measures the quantum state of incoming photons. so peacefully they exchange naughty photos among themselves.

ARRIVAL OF VILLAIN NEMESIS2U (super hero actually)

nemesis2u knows that if he eavesdrops the message before they reach the recipient, it will disturb the properties of these photons being transmitted, so that if chinese8107 and chinese8107 girlfriend ling compare parts of their key, they will notice a mismatch and stop sending the naughty photos.

but nemesis2u wants to see the naughty pictures very much.

so he decides to target ling , for that he uses a 1-milliwatt laser to continuously blind lings detector (part of the receiver).

The cunning part is that while blinded, lings detector cannot function as a 'quantum detector' that distinguishes between different quantum states of incoming light. However, it does still work as a 'classical detector' recording a bit value of 1 if it is hit by an additional bright light pulse, regardless of the quantum properties of that pulse.

That means that every time nemesis2u intercepts a bit value of 1 from chinese8107, he will send a bright pulse to ling, so that she also receives the correct signal, and is entirely unaware that her detector has been sabotaged. There is no mismatch between chinese8107 and his girlfriends readings because nemesis2u sends ling a classical signal, not a quantum one. As quantum cryptographic rules no longer apply, no alarm bells are triggered.

thus nemesis2u exploited a purely technological loophole that turned a quantum encryption system into a classical system, without anyone being alerted.

now nemesis2u is going to the bathroom to enjoy the naughty photos of ling.

plz note detailed analysis not possible because i barely managed to pass my quantum mechanics paper.

point being made here is everything is breakable indirectly if not directly.

Henry24o:


Lachit and Nemesis are the exact same person, no need to bother your horses.

damn this fellow lahit

Odunayaw:
my thoughts exactly bro
Littoral platforms in the size of 45-55meters(OPV) armed with guns and 4× whatever missile we can get would solve our problems...And ships of this of this class up to 70metres can finally fill the 10 OPVs plan of the NN


meanwhile am learning from Oga Nemesis like I used to learn from Lachit

say we two go hunt the smoking hot gun trotting Tunisian angels together.

nemesis2u:




say we two go hunt the smoking hot gun trotting Tunisian angels together.

lol

I hereby declare myself sacred

Henry24o:



Atleast 5 ships in the 45-55 meters class to complement our current fleet of vessels. We already have NNS Andoni II at 40 meters which is a very decent littoral combat size. 4 more ships, 50 meters armed with 2x 30mm guns, 4x anti-ship missiles and guns would do just fine, and i would want them locally built.



Instead of investing in larger OPVs, we invest in proper corvettes. Proper Type-056 corvettes. The Navy is currently lacking proper fighting ships.



Lachit and Nemesis are the exact same person, no need to bother your horses. The good thing is, unlike at Beegeagle were comments are restricted and is quite difficult to navigate, he faces none of that here. There's a lot of room for free thinking, navigation and content right here. If you doubt me, mention HAL's LCA in a bad light and see him pounce, the Indians love their LCA.


The Chinese guy is also good, I like his Chinese angle to equipment alternatives.


In all, it's all fun. It would be more fun to me when we start building a lot of sh1t like the South-Africans locally.

mehn...I party all night when Proforce produce something in d class of Rooikat

nemesis2u:


google to find the source.

what is quantuan encryption ?
never heard of it.

India poor country, no talent , cannot hack Chinese defense server.

only American Israeli french British Japanese Russia can hack Chinese defense server.

nothing is fool proof, indirect methods can be used to break quantum encryption.

In computer encryption, two related numbers are used for the encryption and decryption, making it easy to calculate but hard to reverse.
But quantum computers are expected to outperform traditional computers and crack this problem by using hundreds of atoms, essentially in parallel, to quickly factor huge numbers because data is encoded in the 'spin' of individual electrons.
Unlike standard computers, quantum bits, or qubits can exist in multiple states at once rather than the binary 1 or 0 of conventional bits.
This means they can perform multiple calculations in parallel and hold far more information than normal bits.

allow me to enlighten you on one method to break quantum encryption which i am aware of.

Quantum cryptography is thought to be secure for three main reasons.

1.the quantum no cloning theorem states that an unknown quantum state cannot be cloned. Theoretically, messages sent using quantum cryptography would be in an unknown quantum state, so they could not be copied and sent on.
2.in a quantum system, which can be in one of two states, any attempt to measure the quantum state will disturb the system. A quantum message that is intercepted and read by an eavesdropper will become garbled and useless to the intended recipient of the message.
3.the effects produced by measuring a quantum property are irreversible, which means an eavesdropper cannot “put back” a quantum message to its original state.

These three properties provide the power of quantum encryption.

the main fact is that observing a quantum property irrevocably alters the object being observed. i hope u know Heisenberg uncertainty principle . if you dont, the following analogy will give you a idea.

It is as if you send naughty photos of your girlfriend you took before, to your girlfriend via mail (letter) and nemesis2u in the post office opens the mail and sees the naughty pictures, and then all of the photos become scrambled and is rendered un-observable. Furthermore, the photos cannot be put back to the way it was. Now the letter is of no use to your girlfriend, as it can be seen that someone broke into the letter and saw all the naught photos . it is another matter that your girlfriend is gonna beat the shit out of you and this has nothing to do with quantum encryption , maybe QUANTUM BEATING

Current quantum systems using as little as 1 photons per bit are thought to be secure, but it has been shown that eavesdropper armed with foreseeable but not currently available technology may be able to successfully intercept these low level signals.

A HEART BREAKING STORY ON HOW nemesis2u BROKE QUANTUM ENCRYPTION BEING USED BY chinese8107 and his girlfriend "ling" TO TRANSMIT NAUGHTY PICTURES BETWEEN THEMSELVES.

using quantum cryptographic techniques, the sender "chinese8107" generates a secret key by encoding classical bit values of 0 and 1 using two different quantum states of photons, or particles of light. The receiver "ling" reads off these bit values using a detector that measures the quantum state of incoming photons. so peacefully they exchange naughty photos among themselves.

ARRIVAL OF VILLAIN NEMESIS2U (super hero actually)

nemesis2u knows that if he eavesdrops the message before they reach the recipient, it will disturb the properties of these photons being transmitted, so that if chinese8107 and chinese8107 girlfriend ling compare parts of their key, they will notice a mismatch and stop sending the naughty photos.

but nemesis2u wants to see the naughty pictures very much.

so he decides to target ling , for that he uses a 1-milliwatt laser to continuously blind lings detector (part of the receiver).

The cunning part is that while blinded, lings detector cannot function as a 'quantum detector' that distinguishes between different quantum states of incoming light. However, it does still work as a 'classical detector' recording a bit value of 1 if it is hit by an additional bright light pulse, regardless of the quantum properties of that pulse.

That means that every time nemesis2u intercepts a bit value of 1 from chinese8107, he will send a bright pulse to ling, so that she also receives the correct signal, and is entirely unaware that her detector has been sabotaged. There is no mismatch between chinese8107 and his girlfriends readings because nemesis2u sends ling a classical signal, not a quantum one. As quantum cryptographic rules no longer apply, no alarm bells are triggered.

thus nemesis2u exploited a purely technological loophole that turned a quantum encryption system into a classical system, without anyone being alerted.

now nemesis2u is going to the bathroom to enjoy the naughty photos of ling.

plz note detailed analysis not possible because i barely managed to pass my quantum mechanics paper.

point being made here is everything is breakable indirectly if not directly.

Jesus,You must be a top scientist,aren't you ? working for NASA or .......

Quantun Communication apply the Quantum Entanglement &Quantum teleportation is theoretically impossible to crack
https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/quantum_entanglement.htm
https://inventariandochina.com/2016/03/05/chinas-quantum-satellite-could-change-cryptogrphy-forever/
You already find the solution what USA or China have just developed ?
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v488/n7410/full/nature11332.html