In this innovative approach let's delve into the story of the Johnson family, owners of a small-scale farm in the heartland of agricultural activity. Offering a range of benefits that extend beyond increased productivity. One of the most significant advantages is the positive impact on the environment.

The agricultural sector needs to provide enough food to cope with the world's ever-increasing population. Innovative agricultural technologies, such as advanced technologies and crop management systems, are needed to increase productivity.

READ MORE https://www.iotafricanetworks.com/post/iot-and-sustainability-how-smart-farming-practices-benefit-the-environment

The Digital Revolution Beneath Our Feet: Exploring the Promise of Digital Oilfields

In the vast and seemingly untouched landscapes where oil extraction has long been a symbol of industrial might, a quiet revolution is underway—one that transcends the rhythmic dance of pump jacks and the ever-present hum of machinery.

This is the story of the digital transformation occurring beneath our feet, as oilfields embrace a new era powered not only by black gold but by the invisible currents of data.

READ MORE https://www.iotafricanetworks.com/post/the-digital-revolution-beneath-our-feet-exploring-the-promise-of-digital-oilfields

The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of networks of physical things equipped with sensors, software, and different technologies for exchanging and connecting data over the Internet with other systems and devices. The devices range from everyday household objects to modern industrial tools.
In this article, we will explore the key drivers behind the IoT trends and the benefits they offer for businesses. As more devices become connected, the potential for innovation and disruption increases.

READ MORE https://www.iotafricanetworks.com/post/top-10-iot-trends-transforming-businesses

Smart Internet of Things (IoT) technology has emerged as a game-changer in the utilities sector, offering powerful tools to not only conserve water and optimize energy but also enhance overall operational efficiency and sustainability. This article explores how smart IoT is transforming the utility industry and creating a more sustainable future.


READ MORE https://www.iotafricanetworks.com/post/revolutionizing-utilities-iot-for-water-conservation-and-energy-optimization

ATB Tech is a full-fledged technology provider. We deliver exceptional digital products and technology solutions, that solve critical business problems.

ATB Tech main assets are our highly skilled, tested and specially trained professionals who have the requisite hands-on experience in the design of IT systems and processes. Their experience cuts across various areas of disciplines of business management. They take special pride in the quality of human resources which makes up the ATB Tech Team.

The world rests completely on information gathering, manipulation and dissemination – this cuts across individual, business and government relations.

Why should ATB Tech be trusted with this vital aspect of your operations? Because they are experts at what we do and are passionate about your success.

www.atb.tech

https://myxalary.com/blog/free-employee-recruitment-tools-2023/

As a business owner or HR manager, you’re likely looking for innovative ways to hire top candidates for your organization. That’s where hiring tools and software come in. These tools can help attract the best talents, simplify your recruitment process, save time and resources, and ultimately lead to better hires.
In today’s job market, finding the right talent can be a challenging task. Thankfully, with the help of the right employee recruitment tools, the process has become easier and more efficient.

So, let’s dive in and see how these tools can help take your recruitment process to the next level.

MyXalary Recruitment
MyXalary Recruitment is an all-in-one employee recruitment tool that helps businesses streamline their hiring and onboarding process. This powerful tool provides businesses with everything they need to manage, message, and move candidates through each stage of the hiring process.

One of the key features of MyXalary Recruitment is its talent pool, which provides businesses with access to a vast pool of potential candidates. With this feature, businesses can easily search and filter based on their requirements, making the hiring process smooth, fast, and more efficient than ever.

Another standout feature of MyXalary Recruitment is the ability to create and post job opportunities easily. With auto-generated and customizable job description templates for each role, businesses can quickly create job opportunity posts and share them with potential candidates.

To continue reading, click here https://myxalary.com/blog/free-employee-recruitment-tools-2023/

MyXalary is one of the best HR software in Nigeria

Bhenehdikt:
HR Consulting In Nigeria — What Do HR Firms Do?[/b]

HR consulting firms in Nigeria offer a comprehensive range of services designed to help organisations effectively manage their human resources. These services are critical for organisations seeking to build a strong and engaged workforce, ensure compliance with labour laws and regulations, and drive organisational growth and development.
1. Recruitment and talent acquisition: HR consulting firms can provide assistance with the recruitment and selection process, including sourcing and screening candidates, conducting interviews and making hiring recommendations. They can also help companies develop and implement effective talent acquisition strategies, such as employee referral programmes, to attract and retain top talent.

2. Employee relations: Effective management of employee relations is critical for any organisation, and HR consultancies can provide support in this area. They can help organisations manage conflict, address employee grievances and develop effective performance management systems. They can also help organisations build a positive and engaging workplace culture that promotes employee engagement, productivity and job satisfaction.

3. Compliance: Compliance with local labour laws and regulations, such as the Nigerian Labour Law, is critical for any organisation operating in Nigeria. HR consulting firms can help companies ensure compliance with all relevant laws and regulations and develop policies and procedures to ensure ongoing compliance.

4. Training and development: HR consulting firms can help organisations develop and deliver learning and development programmes to improve the skills and abilities of their employees. These programmes can cover areas such as leadership, communication, diversity and inclusion and can help organisations build a workforce equipped to meet the challenges of the modern business environment.

5. Compensation and benefits: Designing and implementing effective compensation and benefits programmes is critical to attracting and retaining top talent. HR consulting firms can provide support in this area, including the development and implementation of competitive salary structure, bonuses and benefits packages that are competitive and attractive to employees.

6. Performance management: Performance management is a crucial aspect of human resource management, and HR consulting firms can provide support in this area. They can help organisations develop performance appraisal systems, set performance goals, and conduct performance appraisals to help organisations build a high-performing workforce.

7. Organisational development: HR consulting firms can also provide organisational development support, including organisational structure, culture and change management. By helping organisations develop and implement growth and development strategies, HR companies can help organisations achieve their goals and prevent talent churn (japa).

Top HR Consulting Firms in Nigeria 2023

1. MacTay
2. SeamlessHR
3. Lington & Bernie Consulting
4. Proten International
5. Alan & Grant
6. Phillips Consulting
7. WorkForce Group
8. Kimberly Ryan
9. ICS Consulting
10. Ascentech Services

#1. MacTay
MacTay is the leading management consulting firm in Nigeria with over 40 years of experience in providing human resource management and HR solutions to leading companies across diverse industries.
The company leverages its local presence, a network of over 17,000 outsourced employees and team of experts to provide relevant and innovative solutions to its clients' most pressing challenges.
MacTay was awarded the 2021 Best Consultancy/Human Capital Service Provider by NECA (Nigeria Employers' Consultative Association) — the umbrella organisation of employers in the organised private sector in Nigeria — further cementing its reputation as a leader in the industry.
Key services:
- HR Consulting
- Employee Outsourcing
- Contact Centre Solutions
- Learning and Development Solutions
- Background Checks and Verification
Location: 5 Prince Adedeji Adelowo Street, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos, Nigeria.
Contact: +2349139385550

#2. SeamlessHR

SeamlessHR is an all-in-one HR software designed to streamline HR processes and manage HR data. With a modern, end-to-end HR management system, organisations can efficiently grow and automate HR tasks, from hire to retire.
The technology-enabled platform streamlines monotonous HR tasks into a streamlined workflow based on predefined rules that allow companies to keep track of everything, including onboarding, requisitions, leave management and more.
Key services:
- HR Consulting
- Payroll Management
- Recruitment Management
- Performance Management
Location: 8 Metalbox Rd, Ogba, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
Contact: +2348090643874

#3. Lington & Bernie Consulting
Lington & Bernie Consulting is a leading provider of HR placement and management, HR consulting services, tax administration and payroll services in Nigeria. Founded in 1999, the company leverages its team of experienced and tested professionals with over 100 years of combined industry experience to provide quality consulting services to clients in the oil and gas industry, banking and financial institutions.
With 3,000 employees, Lington & Bernie is a strong strategic partner known for its ability to anticipate its clients' needs and provide professional advice, supported by state-of-the-art facilities and modern information systems.
Key services:
- HR Consulting
- HR Outsourcing
- Recruitment & Selection
- Human Capital Development
Location: 9A, Omo Osagie Street, Off Awolowo Road, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria
Contact: +2348033201664

#4. Proten International
Proten International is a global HR and management consulting firm that provides advisory and transformational solutions. The company aligns its clients' people, process and technology activities with their business strategy and vision.
The company was founded in the UK in 2010 and has since expanded to Europe and Africa, serving clients in various industries such as banking, oil and gas, insurance, etc. Proten was launched in Nigeria in 2015.
Key services:
- HR Advisory
- Outsourcing
- Background Verification
- Recruitment & Selection
- Learning & Development
Location: 11a, Mojidi Street, off Toyin Street, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
Contact: +2348120012966

#5. Alan & Grant
Alan & Grant is a consulting firm that provides innovative HR and business solutions to organisations seeking to drive results. The company specialises in helping clients improve performance in the areas of people, products and projects by providing tailored solutions to enhance overall performance and align the workforce with business objectives.
With a focus on sustainable growth and profitability, Alan & Grant works across a range of sectors including finance, education, technology and more.
Key services
- HR Advisory Services
- Recruitment & Selection
- Strategy Design & Execution
- Outsourcing & Workforce Management
- Learning and Organisation Development
Location: [/b]Lagos, Nigeria
[b]Contact: +2349054640009

#6. Phillips Consulting
Phillips Consulting is a leading business and management consulting firm established in 1992 and headquartered in Nigeria,serving clients across Africa through offices in Lagos and Abuja.
Specialising in transformation, technology and outsourcing services, the company has a wide range of professionals with experience in business strategy, transformation and change, digital technology, information technology and training.
Key services
- People Transformation
- Technology Services
- International Development
- Learning Programme Management
Location: 9A Shafi Sule St, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos, Nigeria
Contact: +2349060000804

#7. Workforce Group
Workforce Group is a leading African business and talent consulting firm with a network of diversified businesses. The company offers a wide range of services to improve business performance, optimise growth and deliver exceptional results, supporting organisations in various sectors such as technology, telecommunications, oil and gas, financial services and FMCG.
With over 125 consultants and 8500 employees, the company's unique approach, expertise and pioneering Zone Tech Park set it apart from the rest of the industry.
Key services
- Outsourcing
- Learning
- Resourcing
- Advisory
- Technology
Location: [/b]Plot 9, Gbagada Industrial Scheme, besides UPS, Gbagada-Oworonshoki Expressway, Lagos, Nigeria
[b]Contact: +2349031946744

#8. Kimberly Ryan
Kimberly Ryan is a leading HR consulting firm established in 1997, providing outsourcing solutions, HR transformation and talent management services to clients across Africa.
With an experienced team of professionals and expertise in delivering innovative solutions, the company works with clients to drive business growth and success. Kimberly Ryan also establishes strategic partnerships to provide one-stop solutions and is known for its customised approach to client’s needs.
Key services
- Outsourcing
- HR Advisory
- Recruitment and Selection
- Learning and Development
Location: Plot 3/4, Water Corporation Road, Oniru, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria
Contact: +2348184532278

#9. ICS Consulting
ICS Outsourcing is a leading Nigerian outsourcing provider offering a range of outsourcing services including People Outsourcing and Sales BPO. ICS Outsourcing focuses on value-added service delivery and is known for exceeding its clients' expectations. The company helps its clients achieve better business results by identifying and closing efficiency gaps using gap-specific solutions to deliver positive outcomes.
Key services
- Recruitment
- IT Outsourcing
- People Management
- Background Checks
- Payroll Outsourcing
Location: 6, Olusoji Idowu Street, Ilupeju, Lagos, Nigeria
Contact: +2349087222874

#10. Ascentech Services
Founded in 2013, Ascentech Services Ltd is a leading human resource solutions provider based in Lagos, Nigeria. The company strives to build long-term partnerships with its clients by providing robust and adaptable services that meet the changing needs of their businesses.
Through its HR solutions, Ascentech helps companies shape and manage change. The company offers recruitment and selection services, among others.
Key services
- Recruitment
- Outsourcing
- Learning And Development
Location: [/b]First Floor, No 148/150 Bode Thomas Street, Surulere, Lagos.
[b]Contact: +2348079211199

Factors to Consider When Selecting a HR Consulting Firm
Choosing the right HR consulting firm is an important decision that can have a lasting impact on the success of your business. A good HR consulting firm can provide your company with valuable insight, expertise and support to help you effectively manage your human resources.
However, with the wide range of HR consulting firms available, it can be difficult to choose the right one for your business. To ensure you make the right choice, consider the following factors:
- Company size and industry
HR consulting firms offer a range of services that are designed to meet the specific needs of different businesses and industries. For example, an HR consulting firm that specialises in serving small businesses may not be equipped to handle the complex HR needs of a large corporation.
When selecting a HR consulting firm, be sure to consider the size of your organization and the industry in which you operate, and select a firm with a proven track record of serving similar organisations.

- Budget
HR consulting services can be expensive, and it is important to determine your budget for these services before you begin your search. Look for a company that offers affordable services that fit your budget, while still providing you with the expertise and experience you need.

- Expertise and experience
The success of your HR consulting engagement depends on the expertise and experience of the consulting firm. When evaluating potential HR consulting firms, look for a firm that has extensive experience in the areas of HR you need help with.
For example, if you are struggling with employee engagement, look for a firm that has successfully implemented employee engagement programmes for other companies.

- Reputation and references
The reputation of a HR consulting firm is a critical factor to consider in your selection. Look for a company that has a good reputation in the industry, and ask for references from previous clients to get a better idea of their track record.
This will give you an idea of the quality of work and customer satisfaction.

- Availability and responsiveness
The HR consulting firm you choose should be available and responsive to your needs. This means they should be easy to reach, respond to your questions and concerns quickly and professionally, and be flexible when it comes to working with your organisation. A firm that is unavailable or unresponsive to your needs can negatively impact the success of your HR initiatives and cause significant frustration for your team.

Bottom line
This is not an exhaustive list of the best HR consulting firms in Nigeria. However, the list provides a starting point for companies looking for reputable HR companies that meets their needs and requirements.
These firms are recognised for their expertise, experience and commitment to providing quality services to their clients. Which HR consulting firm is best for your business will depend on a number of factors, including your specific HR requirements, budget, and desired outcomes.

MyXalary is also one of the best HR software in Nigeria.

usemotherboard:
How To Choose The Best HR Software To Use In 2023
Selecting the best HR software that works for you in 2023 can be a tough decision, especially with more HR software companies popping up every day. It is important that you consider multiple factors before making your choice.

Key Features: First, make a list of the things you want to achieve with your HR software. Next, divide the list into the must-haves and nice-to-haves. This helps you prioritise the key features you look for in HR software.
However, you should know that you might not find all the features you need in a single HR software. If this is the case for you, it is not a bad idea to use up to 2 HR software applications, especially when you are using them for completely different purposes (e.g. one for recruitment and one for benefits management).

Cost: At the end of the day, you do not want to use software that exceeds your budget. Sync with the management team of your company about how much budget they are willing to assign to the HR software and find one that works within that budget.
However, make sure to also advice the management team on the best budget by researching the average pricing of the different HR software in Nigeria. You should also compare the software’s pricing with the features it offers to confirm that the cost is worth the value you would get from it.
It is also advisable to choose HR software that charges in Naira, if you are primarily a Nigerian company. Payment might become complicated if you choose an international HR software for your Nigerian employees.

Reviews: You should not make decisions solely based on the features you see on a company website. You should also research the reliability of the software by looking into what their existing customers say about them. This could mean searching for the product name on social media platforms to see what has been said about them or asking colleagues who might have used them about their experience.

Customer Support: When deciding on the best HR software to use in Nigeria, you need to consider the reliability and response time of their customer support as well. This is because their response time might affect your own ability to cater to the needs of your employees. If they take too long to respond or do not provide robust responses, your employees might be left in the lurch when problems or questions arise.

Team Size: While most HR software work for all companies, large or small, some work best for certain company sizes. If you have a large number of employees for example, software that charges per employee added might not be the best for you.

Customisation & Flexibility: Depending on your company, this might not be an important consideration. However, it is advisable to choose HR software that is flexible enough to accommodate your company and employees’ unique needs, to a reasonable extent. For example, Motherboard, an employee benefits platform, allows employees select benefit providers that suit their unique needs and preferences.

Learn more HERE

MyXalary is a FREE and simple-to-use HR software, designed to easily automate HR processes and departments.
MyXalary saves time, money and…headache!

Our win-win mission
We are building a remarkable software that’s world-class, yet free!
You get great value, while we offer financial services to you and your employees

Our software is built to help your staff:
Manage time better
Clock in & out of work from their phone
Eliminate the need for manual reporting
Free up your time for more productive tasks
Track payments and deductions via pay slip
Access financial services

FEATURES

Payroll Management
MyXalary streamlines all your organization’s payroll processes into a single platform.
Run payroll efficiently and pay your employees in real time, no matter the size of your team. It's the best payroll software in Nigeria.

Recruitment
MyXalary's Recruitment offers a comprehensive solution to streamline the entire hiring process, from managing candidates and accessing a Talent Pool to creating job opportunities, customizing job descriptions, and facilitating effortless onboarding for new employees.

Chats & Announcements
MyXalary Chats fosters seamless communication, collaboration, and knowledge sharing within your organization.
MyXalary Announcements feature ensures timely communication from management to all employees, promoting efficient information sharing across the company.

E-Learning(LMS)
MyXalary Learning Management System offers a user-friendly platform for free courses, quizzes, and more. 
HR Managers can develop and improve employee talents, companies can upload custom training materials while employees choose courses to drive personal growth, and the system aids career advancement.

Meetings
MyXalary Meetings feature simplifies scheduling and reduces the time spent on back-and-forth emails.
MyXalary makes it easier to plan meetings for individuals, teams, and customers.

Tax & Pension
MyXalary caters for the automated calculation of payroll taxes and pensions.
Prepare your employees for retirement and remit them in one click.
The tax and pension payment history and evidence are generated for organizations using MyXalary.

Requisition
MyXalary handles every stage of the requisition process.
Your workforce can put in a request for work tools, cash, etc. from the comfort of their mobile devices.

Employee Loans
Your Employees get access to a certain percentage of their salary before payday.
Employees can get a loan, with no collateral or guarantor, on the MyXalary App.

Salary on Demand
MyXalary allows employees to access their earnings when they need them, based on how many days they have worked.
It empowers employees to make smart and better financial decisions that improve their overall well-being.

Leave Management
MyXalary manages leave applications and approvals without any hassle.
Create and assign Leave types and eligibility days to staff.
Set up stage-by-stage approval workflows.

MyXalary Wallet
This billing option allows users to:
Pay employees’ salaries through the wallet
Access transaction history
View account balance
Transfer from the Bank to the Wallet
Make deposits and transfer

Visit [url]myxalary.com/signup[/url] to get started!

The best HR software in Nigeria currently is MyXalary. You can signup on myxalary.com/signup

#MyXalary
#HRSoftware
#HRSoftwareInNigeria

IoT (Internet of Things) enabled soil monitoring sensors are innovative devices that revolutionize the way farmers and agronomists manage their land. These sensors collect and transmit real-time data about soil conditions, such as moisture, temperature, nutrient levels, and pH. This data can be used to optimize irrigation, fertilizer application, and crop management practices, leading to improved yields, resource conservation, and sustainable farming practices. https://www.iotafricanetworks.com/post/how-iot-enabled-soil-monitoring-sensors-are-helping-farmers-grow-more-food-with-less

Managing cyber protection in an enterprise environment is a challenge, as threats are constantly evolving. Acronis Cyber Protect is a comprehensive solution that integrates data protection and cybersecurity, providing a one-stop shop for IT managers and service providers.

Acronis Cloud Protect is a key component of Acronis Cyber Protect, and it offers a number of features that can help organizations enhance their IT infrastructure’s security and resilience. These features include:

https://www.tranter-it.com/fortify-your-it-infrastructure-with-acronis-cloud-protect-solution/

The real estate industry confronts many challenges, such as rising expenses due to private and public indebtedness, demand for affordable housing, the infrastructure crisis, and above all, the coronavirus with the restrictions it caused.

Deploying the Internet of Things (IoT) for real estate technology reduces operational costs, improves the quality of life, and due to real-time surveillance, provides additional security. Moreover, IoT makes property management easier with building maintenance analytics.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a cutting-edge technology which, with the help of IoT sensors, connects various physical objects located on real estate properties, providing users with an interconnected way to gather the information that allows property managers to automate various repetitive operations, detect potential equipment flows, and create a more cohesive and informed user experience. [url]READ MORE[/url]https://www.iotafricanetworks.com/post/top-4-iot-solutions-for-real-estate

In a world where the largest producers of oil in Europe are embattled, there is an uprising in the need for a consistent Oil supply.
Russia alone produces over 10.5 million barrels of oil per day, so they obviously are one of the big dogs in the business of oil provision for the world. However, in the case where they are dealing with sanctions from the European Union (EU), it affects the whole world in one way or another. IoT Solutions have the potential to boost productivity in a wide array of ways, and some of them include; https://www.iotafricanetworks.com/post/oil-and-gas-today-the-magic-wand-of-iot

Are you aware that alerts triggered by traditional smoke detectors may not be heard by enough people or are sometimes completely ignored?
Meanwhile, a smart smoke detector communicates immediately via your phone or other devices and allows you to protect your properties before a major fire outbreak happens. Some major benefits of smart smoke detectors include: https://www.iotafricanetworks.com/post/smart-smoke-detectors-your-home

[center]IoT Real Estate Webinar[/center]

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is enabling us to create better homes, buildings, and cities, while giving us visualized data insights and analytics about our daily lives. This webinar aims to explore innovative technologies for Nigeria’s smart home, smart buildings, and smart cities.

There are various reasons why real estate experts, architects, luxury enthusiasts, and governments across the globe are going digital. IoT is helping our planet to improve home security, improve building and energy efficiency, manage traffic flow, upgrade infrastructure, enable citizen collaboration & feedback, provide access to a better quality of life for everyone, and so much more.

Our goal is to bring together bright minds to discuss how today's leading thinkers in the real estate space are using data and cutting-edge technology such as the Internet of Things (IoT), to make better decisions and deliver more value.


What You Will Learn:

1. Improve the quality of life, health, & productivity by up to 60%

2. Maximize Home Security

3. Enable Home Automation & Management

4. Reduce Energy Wastage

5. Enable Predictive Maintenance & Better Use of Resources

6. Improve Efficiency & Safety Our Cities.

Join our FREE IoT Real Estate Webinar tagged Smart Homes, Buildings & Cities: Digitizing Nigeria's Real Estate on the 28th of October, 2021.
Time: 11:00 AM

Click https://www.iotafricanetworks.com/real-estate-webinar to save your spot

For enquiries:

T: +234 818 340 5221, +234 902 341 6588
E: enquiries@tranter-it.com
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Viktoreze:
What Is Real Estate?
Real estate is property made up of land and the buildings on it, as well as the natural resources of the land including uncultivated flora and fauna, farmed crops and livestock, water, and any additional mineral deposits.

Understanding Real Estate
Real estate is a tangible asset and a type of real property. Real property examples include land, buildings and other improvements, plus the rights of use and enjoyment of that land and all its improvements. Renters and leaseholders may have rights to inhabit land or buildings that are considered a part of their estate, but these rights themselves are not, strictly speaking, considered real estate.

Real property is not the same thing and should not to be confused with personal property. Personal property includes intangible assets like investments, along with tangible assets such as furniture and fixtures like a dishwasher. Also, even renters may claim parts of a home as personal property, provided you bought and installed the property with the lessor's permission.

KEY TAKEAWAYS
•Real estate is real—that is, tangible—property made up of land as well as anything on it, including buildings, flora and fauna, and natural resources.
•Real estate has three basic categories: residential, commercial and industrial.
•When it comes to investing, residential real estate is less expensive and more feasible to individuals, while commercial real estate is more valuable and more stable.
•As an investment, real estate offers income and capital appreciation.
•You can invest in real estate directly—buying land or property—or indirectly through buying shares in publicly traded real estate investment trusts (REITs) or mortgage-backed securities (MBS)

TYPES OF REAL ESTATE
Although the media often refers to the "real estate market," real property examples can be grouped into three broad categories based on its use.

Residential real estate includes undeveloped land, houses, condominiums, and townhouses. The structures may be single-family or multi-family dwellings and may be owner-occupied or rental properties.
Commercial real estate includes nonresidential structures such as office buildings, warehouses, and retail buildings. These buildings may be free-standing or in shopping malls.
Industrial real estate includes factories, business parks, mines, and farms. These properties are usually larger in size and locations may include access to transportation hubs such as rail lines and harbors.

BENEFITS OF RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE AND HOME OWNERSHIP
Homeownership, also known as owner-occupancy, is the most common type of real estate investment in the United States. According to the National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC), roughly two-thirds of residents own their home. Often, these owners have financed the purchase by taking out a mortgage loan, in which the property acts as collateral for the debt.

IMPORTANT -In the 2019 edition of its annual home-value analysis, the real estate website Zillow estimated the total value of all U.S. homes in 2018 was $33.3 trillion, 71% higher than the nation's gross domestic product (GDP) of $19.4 trillion at the time.

Individuals shopping for home mortgages to help them realize the dream of property ownership are faced with a variety of options. Mortgages can charge either fixed-rate or variable-rate interest. Fixed-rate mortgages generally have higher interest rates than variable-rate mortgages, which can make them more expensive in the short run. Fixed-rate loans cost more in the short term because they are protected from future interest rate increases.

Banks publish amortization schedules that show how much of a borrower's monthly payments go to paying off interest versus how much goes to paying off the principal of the loan. Balloon loans are mortgages that don't fully amortize—reduce to zero—over time. Instead, the borrower pays interest for a set period, five years for example, and then must pay the remainder of the loan in a balloon payment at the end of the term.

Also, mortgages can come with heavy costs that include transaction fees and taxes. These additional expenses are often rolled into the loan. Once potential homeowners have proven their eligibility and secured a mortgage from a bank or other lender, they must complete additional steps to make sure the property is legally for sale and in good condition.

BENEFITS OF COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE
Commercial real estate is used for commerce and includes anything from strip malls and free-standing restaurants to office buildings and skyscrapers. It is often distinguished from industrial real estate, which is practical space used in the manufacturing of products.

Buying or leasing real estate for commercial purposes is very different from buying a home or even buying residential real estate. Commercial leases are generally longer than residential leases. Commercial real estate returns are based on their profitability per square foot, unlike structures intended to be private residences.

Moreover, lenders may require a larger down payment on a mortgage for commercial real estate then what is required for a residence.

Investing in Real Estate
One can invest in real estate directly by buying actual properties or parcels of land; or indirectly, by buying shares in publicly traded real estate investment trusts (REITs) or mortgage-backed securities (MBS). Investing directly in real estate results in profits—or losses—through two avenues, which haven't changed in centuries: Revenue from rent or leases, and appreciation of the real estate's value

Unlike other investments, real estate is dramatically affected by its surroundings and immediate geographic area. Hence the well-known real-estate maxim "location, location, location." Except for a severe national recession or depression, residential real estate values, in particular, are affected primarily by local factors. Such factors include the area's employment rate, the local economy, crime rates, transportation facilities, quality of schools, municipal services, and property taxes.

PROS
•Offers steady income

•Offers capital appreciation

•Diversifies portfolio

•Can be bought with leverage

CONS
•Is usually illiquid

•Influenced by highly local factors

•May require big initial capital outlay depending on how you want to start

•May require active management, expertise

There are key differences in residential and commercial real estate investments. On the one hand, residential real estate is usually less expensive and smaller than commercial real estate, and so it is more affordable for the small investor.

On the other hand, commercial real estate is often more valuable per square foot, and its leases are longer, which theoretically ensures a more predictable income stream. With greater revenue comes greater responsibility. Commercial rental real estate is more heavily regulated than residential real estate, and these regulations can differ not only from country to country and state by state but also by county and city. Even within cities, zoning regulations add a layer of unwanted complexity to commercial real estate investments.

There is also an increased risk of tenant turnover in commercial rental agreements. If the lessee's business model is bad, their product is unattractive, or they are poor managers, they might declare bankruptcy. The business failure can abruptly stop expensive real estate from generating revenue.

Moreover, just as property can appreciate, it can also depreciate. Once-hot retail locations have been known to decay into rotten shopping centers and dead malls.

Appreciation
Appreciation is achieved through different means, but the increase in a property’s value isn't realized until the owner sells it the property. Another way to realize profit would be to refinance the mortgage. Raw and undeveloped land, like the territory right outside a city’s borders, offers the biggest potential for construction, enhancement, and profit. Appreciation can also come from discovering valuable materials or natural resources on a plot of land, like striking oil. Also, a rise in the market values of the area around the land that you own.

As a neighborhood grows and develops, property values tend to climb. The gentrification of urban neighborhoods in some American cities over the last few decades has often resulted in a dramatic increase in real estate prices. Scarcity can also play a role in the value of real estate holdings. If a lot is the last of its size or kind in a prestigious area—or one where such lots rarely become available—it gains in marketability.

Income
Income from real estate comes in many forms. The biggest generator is the rent paid on land already developed into residential or commercial properties. However, companies will also pay royalties for natural resource discoveries on raw land. Also, they may pay to build structures on it, like cell towers or pipelines.

Income can also come from indirect real estate investments. In a REIT, the owner of multiple properties sells shares to investors and passes along rental income in the form of distributions. Similarly, in an MBS, the interest and principal payments from a pool of mortgages are collected and passed through to investors.

Both REITs and MBS investment products trade like stocks, with real estate acting as their underlying security. So, they may offer capital appreciation is the shares gain in market value.

REAL WORLD EXAMPLES OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS
Mortgage-backed securities got a lot of bad press from the role they played in the mortgage meltdown that triggered a global financial crisis in 2007. However, they are still in existence and traded. The most accessible way for the average investor to buy into these products is via exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Like all investments, these products do carry a degree of risk. However, they may also offer portfolio diversification. Investors must investigate the holdings to ensure the funds specialize in investment-grade MBS, not the subprime variety that figured in the crisis.

As of April 2019 the top-performing vehicles of this type include:

•Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities ETF (VMBS), which tracks the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Mortgage-Backed Securities Float Adjusted Index, made up of federal agency-backed MBS that have minimum pools of $250 million and minimum maturity of one year. Priced around $53 per share the fund has a dividend yield of 2.58%.
•iShares Barclays MBS Bond ETF (MBB), which focuses on both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage securities, and tracks the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. MBS Index. Its holdings include bonds issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored enterprises like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, so they are AAA-rated. Trading around $108 per share, it offers a yield of 2.48%.
•SPDR Bloomberg Barclays Capital Mortgage Backed Bond ETF (MBG), which also uses the Barclays U.S. MBS Index as a benchmark, but adopts a more aggressive approach to boost returns. Price at $26 per share, it offers a yield of 3.15%.

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Culled from Investopedia

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