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Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 8:24pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
[b]Foundation is the lowest parts of buildings and structures,usually below the.ground level, that is serve to transfer.the loads from the buildings or structures to a natural or artificial bedding. The type of foundation chosen will depend on the following: a. Geological engineering and hydrogelogical conditions at the construction site b. The purpose and design of the building or structure. c. The magnitude of the load imposed on the foundation d. And the production capacities of the construction organization. The depth of the foundation is chosen according to the a. Properties and nature of the soil strata b. The ground water level(with allowance for variations during the construction and use of the structure) c. The magnitude and the nature of the loads acting on the foundation d. The depth of underground communication lines and of the foundations under machines and equipment e. The climatic characteristics of the construction region The chosen depth of the foundation must be sufficient to ensure the stability of the bedding and to eliminate the possibility of the earth heaving during freezing and settling during thawing. The Modern Foundation types are: 1.SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS They are often called footings,and are usually embedded about a metre or more into the soil. The dimensions of a footing are determine according to bedding conditions so that the average pressure on the bedding does not exceed a design value that depends on the nature and properties of the earth, the depth of the foundation and the design features of the structure. In the assigning of dimensions for the footing of a foundation,allowance is made for the maximum vertical deformations(settling and raising) under which the necessary rigidity of the structures above the foundation will be retained and under which the building will still conform to engineering or architectural requirements. One common type of a shallow foundation is the spread footing which consists of strips or pads of concrete or other materials which extwnd below the frost line and in turn transfer the weight from walls and columns to the soil or the bedrock. Another common type of shallow foundation is the slab on grade foundation where the weight of the building is transferred to the soil through a concrete slab placed at the surface. Slab on grade foundations can be reinforced mat slabs,they range from 25cm to several metres thick. Shallow foundations are generally constructed in excavations or trenches. A common method is to pack down the area under isolated foundations or trenches under continious foundations with tampers. About 80% of residential and industrial buildings have shallow foundations. 2. DEEP FOUNDATIONS A deep foundation is used to transfer the load of a structure down through the upper weak layer of topsoil to the stronger layer of subsoil below. Deep foundations are laid with drill-filling and driven piles(pile foundation) deep piers(driven or made of casings) and caissons. There are different types of deep foundations including impact driven piles,drilled shafts,caissons,helical piles,geo-piers and earth stabilized columns. Their use is recommended for weak,subsiding,swelling and other soils having special properties and a high ground-water level, particularly in the building of bridges and deep underground structures. DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS Foundations are designed to have an adequate load bearing capacity with limited settlement by a geotechnical engineer and the footing itself may be designed structurally by a structural engineer. Design calculations for foundations are computed for strength and the size of cracks that may develop. The primary design concerns are settlement and bearing capacity. We have two types of settlement namely, total settlement and differential settlement. Differential settlement is when one part of a foundation settles more than another part and it can cause problems to the structure the foundation is supporting. COMPOSED BY ME[/b] |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 8:41pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
HOW TO BUILD A CONCRETE FOUNDATION. A concrete foundation is a base for a structure. The type and size of concrete foundation you will need is based on the structure you will place upon it. You may need a concrete foundation for a fountain, or your patio furniture, or even for an air conditioner unit or for a building. |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 8:44pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
Steps of building a concrete foundation are listed below. Step 1:Choose the type of foundation to build. The type of foundation depends on the area the foundation will be located on and the type of structure that will be placed on it. Shallow foundations are built on level ground and hard surfaces. Shallow foundations are no more than 3 feet (91.44 cm) deep and are used primarily for smaller, simpler projects like holding patio furniture, a fountain, or an air conditioning unit. Deep foundations are used for more complex projects. Deep foundations are also used when soil conditions are poor or when building a structure on a hill. Deep foundations are more than 3 feet (91.44 cm) deep and can have varying depths throughout. This type of foundation is suited for a shed or a detached garage. |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 8:44pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
Steps of building a concrete foundation are listed below. Step 1:Choose the type of foundation to build. The type of foundation depends on the area the foundation will be located on and the type of structure that will be placed on it. Shallow foundations are built on level ground and hard surfaces. Shallow foundations are no more than 3 feet (91.44 cm) deep and are used primarily for smaller, simpler projects like holding patio furniture, a fountain, or an air conditioning unit. Deep foundations are used for more complex projects. Deep foundations are also used when soil conditions are poor or when building a structure on a hill. Deep foundations are more than 3 feet (91.44 cm) deep and can have varying depths throughout. This type of foundation is suited for a shed or a detached garage. 1 Like 1 Share
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Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 8:50pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
step 2:Set your footings to 450mm or 690mm across depending on 6 or 9inches block that is to be used. Add 1 foot on either side. This properly spaces the formwork and allows you the space you need to lay your foundation. 1 Share
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Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 8:53pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
step 3:Align the 2 inch wide by 10 inch long (5. 08 cm wide by 25.4 cm long) boards to build the forms for your footings. Situate and lay down the boards in the planned foundation shape and size. 1 Share
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Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 8:55pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
step 4:Square and level the form. Adjustments to the form can not be made after the concrete is poured. Because concrete is very heavy, be extra sure your formwork is strong and firmly in place. 3 Shares
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Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 8:58pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
step 5:Make your concrete. Dump the dry cement,mixed with sand and granites into the wheelbarrow. Add the water very slowly. Stir constantly. Stir the mixture thoroughly. Mix in just enough water so your cement is chunky. Don't let the mixture get too soupy. 1 Share
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Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 9:01pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
step 6:Make your concrete foundation. Pour your ready concrete into your form. Use your trowel to level it off and smooth it over. Make grooves with your trowel if you want a non- slippery surface. 1 Share
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Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 9:04pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
step 7:Finish your concrete. Let the concrete dry. Remove the forms after the concrete thoroughly dries. This will take at least 24 hours. Keep the concrete wet for the next few days to avoid cracking. Soak it with a hose at least twice daily, three times if it is very hot outside. Cover the pad if it looks like rain. Rain can cause depressions in the concrete and cause your foundation to be uneven. 1 Share
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Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by mufutau55(m): 9:09pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
Good lecture don start oh! I think this should be made "Sticky" when the composition is finished. Thanks. Hajji Mufutau |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 9:12pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
mufutau55: Good lecture don start oh! I think this should be made "Sticky" when the composition is finished. Thanks. Welcome sir,yeah you are correct. Regards, Samuel. |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by mufutau55(m): 9:15pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
In step 5, no sand is needed, or may an omission? I only see Cement and Water... just learning oh! Hajji M. |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 9:17pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
mufutau55: In step 5, no sand is needed, or may an omission? I only see Cement and Water... just learning oh! modified |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by segcymoor(m): 9:23pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
Foundation is the lowest part of building. .......correct lecture However simply put foundation is the substructure while all else is superstructure. |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 9:26pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
segcymoor: Foundation is the lowest part of building. .......correct lecture thanks for the addition. |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 9:39pm On Sep 25, 2014 |
[b]Identifying house foundation problems: Knowing the early warning signs of foundation troubles can head off problems that ultimately could cost tens of thousands of naira to fix. The sooner you identify potential problems, the easier — and less expensive — it is to fix them. The 4 Basic Indoor Warning Signs Houses settle over time, and a little unevenness isn’t cause for panic. At the same time, you’ll want to be alert to these warning signs that more dramatic changes are taking place: 1. A door begins to jam or fails to latch. 2. Cracks appear in walls, especially over doorways, windows, or where walls meet ceilings. 3. Cracks open in vinyl or ceramic tile over a concrete floor. 4. Windows that used to open and close easily suddenly begin to stick or won’t close completely. Check the Outside: Moving outside, check to see if your foundation is straight by sighting down the length of your foundation wall from each corner. The walls should be basically straight, both up and down and from side to side. Check for leaning walls with a level. A bulge or curve in either a block foundation or a poured concrete wall could signal that the foundation has shifted, or that the soil around your foundation may be expanding and contracting, putting pressure on walls. Probe Concrete for Weakness If your house has a poured perimeter foundation and the concrete appears to be chipping and flaking, poke it in a few places with a sturdy screwdriver. The concrete should be so hard that you can’t damage it. If you manage to chip it or break a piece off, the concrete could be deteriorating because the mix contained dirty or salty sand, or too much water. This problem, common in homes built in the early 1900s in some parts of the country, has no remedy short of a new foundation. Checking Structural Components: Foundation systems have other members besides the perimeter foundation wall. In your basement or crawl space, look for posts and concrete supports, or piers. Posts should stand straight and be firmly planted underneath the beams they support. Bottoms of posts should rest firmly on concrete piers. You shouldn’t find puddles or see framing that’s wet. Check for rot by probing wood posts with a screwdriver or awl. Puddles and other signs of moisture in a crawl space may indicate poor drainage around the perimeter foundation. Be sure that gutters aren’t plugged, and that soil slopes away from the foundation at the rate of 6 inches for every 10 horizontal feet. If find any of these problem signs or think you have a foundation problem, it's always a good idea to call in a professional. [/b] |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 7:57am On Sep 26, 2014 |
TGIF |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 1:51pm On Sep 26, 2014 |
What Causes Foundation Problems? Your home's foundation problems can be caused by a variety of things from the type of soil your home is built on to poor construction. All foundation problems are caused by one of 4 things: soil type, the amount of water in the soil, construction preparation or natural disasters like earthquakes . And in many cases these causes are related. |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 1:52pm On Sep 26, 2014 |
It's all in the soil... The type of soil your home is built on plays a major role in the strength and stability of your foundation. There are many different soil types, and each type has a different ability to support weight. Some soil types are sensitive to the amount of moisture present and can fluctuate in size. For example, clay is both an expansive soil and a consolidating soil. An expansive soil dramatically expands or swells when it absorbs water. While consolidating soils shrink when the water is removed. Think of soil like a sponge. When you take a new sponge and soak it in water, the sponge swells up and expands. And as the sponge dries it hardens and shrinks. The same thing happens to soil. Only when your home is built on expansive or consolidating soil, like clay, the shrink-swell is more dramatic and will create foundation problems. |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 1:55pm On Sep 26, 2014 |
[b]Construction matters... Before your home's foundation is poured, the ground where your basement or crawl space is located was excavated. The soil was then tested to determine what type of foundation footing was needed to properly support the weight of your home. If an improper footing is built for the soil type then your home may end up sinking or settling. After your foundation footing and foundation walls are casted, the space surrounding the outside of your foundation is backfilled. If the wrong type of backfill is used or it's not prepared properly you could end up with hydrostatic pressure and settlement problems. Hydrostatic pressure is the weight of water at rest. When it rains or you water your flower beds the water is absorbed into the ground. If there's more water than the soil can handle, it collects underground - and in some cases this is next to your foundation. As the water collects next to your foundation it also pushes against the exterior walls. Over time this will create waterproofing problems but it can also cause serious structural issues. The force of the water and expanding soil pushing up against your foundation can create bowed walls.[/b] |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 7:48am On Sep 27, 2014 |
happy weekend |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 6:18pm On Sep 28, 2014 |
more coming up. |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 9:45pm On Sep 29, 2014 |
If find any of these problem signs or think you have a foundation problem, it's always a good idea to call in a professional. |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 3:33pm On Oct 03, 2014 |
more tips coming ,stay tuned |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 12:00am On Oct 04, 2014 |
d |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by KolaShangOne(m): 7:54am On Oct 04, 2014 |
Nice one. Why not break it into sub-topics for easier reading? E.g; Foundation types Foundation failures; causes and solution Foundation materials My 1 kobo |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 10:32am On Oct 04, 2014 |
Barka da Sallah to all. |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 1:18pm On Oct 05, 2014 |
happy sunday |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 10:40am On Oct 23, 2014 |
G.morning |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 10:31pm On Oct 29, 2014 |
... |
Re: Free Tips On Building Foundation by Nobody: 8:52am On Nov 29, 2014 |
happy weekend |
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