Congrats Unimaid Desert Warriors. Champions of HIFL 2021. The desert warriors defeated AAUA to lift the inter-university football competition. The finals just ended in Yabatech, Lagos

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fuckingAyaya:
Which kind hot seat be this? None of them might score 2/10 they re all product of quota system

Lolhaba Dem be skul teachers o

Governor Zulum Gives Primary School Teachers Test In A Classroom (pics)

This happened during the Governor's visit to Kukawa Local Government Area in Borno State.

The pjanic deal is questionable

This research was almost the same, but more elaborate to the one posted on June 2017 under the 
INTRODUCTION TO THE GLORIOUS QUR’AN I

The Compilation of the Qur’an
The Holy Qur’an is to the Muslim the Book of Allah the very word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through archangel Gabriel (Jibrail) like the earlier holy books sent for example to David (Da’ud) Moses (Musa) and Jesus (Isa), it is sent for the admonition of mankind as the Qur’an itself testifies. “And assuredly we have made the Qur’an easy for admonition, is there then anyone who would be admonished” (Q54:17). The Qur’an is replete with historical discourse and allusion without being a book of history. The Qur’an is easy for admonition, but no easy in the absolute sense: not easy in the sense that it contains profundities of thought of subtleties of meaning, but it is only easy in so far to lessons of meekness, humility and willing surrender to God and can be deduced from it.
The first revelation of the Qur’an began on the 15th night of the Month of Ramadan in the 41st year after the birth of the Prophet. Its first surah was revealed in the cave Hira when the verse “Recite in the name of thy Lord who created…” was revealed. The last verse of the Qur’an, “This day we have perfected for you your religion…” was revealed on the 9th Dhul Hajja in the 10th year of Hijrah (63rd year of the Prophet’s life). Taking this into consideration we came to know that the period in which the Qur’an was revealed in its entity was twenty two years, two month and twenty-two days.
It is widely accepted as true that at the death of Muhammad, there was not in existence any written collection of revelation of the Qur’an in final form.

Read more: https://247topsblog..com/2020/06/introduction-to-glorious-quran-ii-by.html?m=1

EPIDEMIOLOGY
Islam, right from the beginning, spoke on prevention through different ways. One can find those teaching in Hadith books under the chapter “rules of visiting patient”.
In the following, we shall mention some of the measures of prevention and healing, that Islam call for:
i. When one is sick he should not be indignant, worried or panicky. He should be calm, patient and tranquil. He should accept what Allah has destined. This Islamic philosophy in illness (like Covid 19) make the Muslim to face the condition with great courage and high morality. This will enhance his recuperation.
ii. Compulsoriness of consulting a physician
In Islam, it is compulsory for a patient to consult a doctor for treatment and advice. It was reported that, one day the Prophet visited a patient. When he saw him, he asked his family to send him to a physician for medical check up. The family said with wonder. You too is saying this O Prophet of Allah? Then the Prophet (S.A.W) said, “treat yourselves you servants of Allah for Allah did not send any disease except He send down its cure.
iii. Islam has not neglected the spiritual side of treatment in healing patient. That include coronavirus, Covid 19. It is highly desirable in Islam for sick persons to supplicate for recovery. Supplication can be made with the verses of Holy Qur’an or with the names of Allah or with anything approved by Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) and his companions. Supplication and medical treatment, each has its own place in Islam. The Prophet himself said prayers and invocations for patients. One of those prayers took place when he visited one of his companions. He invoked thus: O Allah remove from him what he is suffering from, and reward him for the affliction.
iv. Islam teaches that patient who is suffering from infectious disease like (Cholera, Ebola, Covid 19) etc should be isolated. He should not be mixed with the healthy ones. In this regard, the Prophet said: the sick one should not mingle with the healthy ones. For example there are many isolation center currently due to the outbreak of Covid 19 in the world which is an infectious disease.
v. At the sametime Islam advise the isolation of the sick ones, it also advise the healthy one not to go near the sick ones. In this respect the Prophet said: touching is a perdition. This statement means that the touching of a patient with infection disease may lead to perdition and ruin of life.
HYGIENE
Islam teaches hygiene as a way of protection. It says a Muslim should always keep himself and his surroundings clean. He should wash his hand before eating. He should clean his teeth. Cleanliness is of two kinds in Islam, inward and outward. Both of them are obligatory. Inward purity concerns with the soul and thought, while outward purity concern the body, surroundings and dress. The Prophet (S.A.W) said the following hadiths on cleanliness:
“Cleanliness is part of faith” “Allah is beautiful and does not accept except what is beautiful” “Cleanliness is next to Godliness”.
Concerning purity and cleanliness, the Holy Qur’an says the following. “Surely, Allah love those who purify themselves” (Q2:222).
The Prophet (S.A.W) cautioned thus: “O You who is cloth araise and warn your Lord do magnify your garments do purify, and uncleanliness do shun” (Q74:1-5).
A pure mind in a pure body is the ultimate goal in Islam.
Islam prohibits fornication more seriously than any other religion. It is unique in prescribing deterrent and severe punishment. This is why it give more room for Muslims to conduct their sexual lives legally. It allows polygamy and divorce. Fornication is harmful both morally and physically. The physical harm is, it is responsible for the spreading of venereal diseases syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
Muslims are directed to take bath after their sexual intercourse. The aim of this bath is not only for cleanliness, for one may be cleaned before mating his wife. But it is usually known that after the intercourse one body secretes a great amount of a substance called “ADRENALIN”. This substance open the holes of the skin which will make the sweat gland to discharge, and in turn will produce some special odour which is usually offensive. Many people do not smell the odour of their sweat, but others smell it at the moment more especially if the couple come closer at the time of sexual intercourse.


MEDICAL REASON FOR SOME OF THE THINGS PROHIBITED BY ISLAM: PORK
On many occasions Muslims are asked the wisdom behind the prohibition of pork in Islam. Some Muslims answer the question by saying: we are Muslims and whatever Islam says we accept without question or argument and others answer by saying: Pig is a dirty animal. It eats carcass, dropping and faeces, that is why Islam has forbidden its meat for Muslims. What applauding answers those will be if supported by scientific facts and physical researches rather than depending on theories. There are five medical reasons for the prohibition of pork.
i. It carries very dangerous worms like faenia selium and trichinosis. One can say that cow too may carry different kinds of tape worm. This is possible, but we should know that, there is a great difference between the cow-worm and pig worm. Cow-worm is called “Taenia saginata” while pig-worm is called “Taenii-solium”. The cow-worm if it reaches one’s stomach it causes simple illness which may be cured with simple medication, that one can take through the mouth only, but the danger of that of the pig worm is greater. It penetrates into one’s stomach to the remaining parts of the body. It may reach up to the eyes and heart where it can cause blindness and “angina pectoris” a condition marked by recurrent pain in the chest and the left arm, caused by a sudden decrease of the blood supply to the heart muscle. It can also reach the brain where it can cause insanity and paralysis. All these conditions cannot be cured with simple medication at tibb p. 214. Furthermore we are been told that coronavirus (Covid 19) emanated in China from eating the meat of wild animals and not well cook meats.
Fat of pork associated with disease of blood vessels –arterioclerosis
ii. Pork carries most of the microbe diseases of stomach more than any meat. It was found in Denmark that 40% of pork carry different kinds of vicious microbes, while not more than 3% of those microbes were formed in sheep meet. Al tibb-al-wiqi p. 219.
iii. All carnivorous are prohibited for human consumption in Islam but, we should ask ourselves why this prohibition? Why we are not allowed to eat dogs, lions, foxes, hyena, etc. The meat of these animals may be even nicer and more delicious than other type of meat. They may be even more useful to the body than other type of animal meat. Forget about that the Ebola infectious diseases which emanated from Congo Democratic Republic and Covid 19 another infectious disease which recently emanated from China are all trace to eating the meat of wild animals like monkeys, pigs. The reason of this prohibition lie on some very important scientific facts. Those animals are defined scientifically as canine animals, for they have four eye teeth in the upper jaw and the lower and swine is considered one of them. It has big eye teeth which do not exist in sheep and cows. Furthermore, this prohibition is not confined to animals only, but also comprise birds like hawk, vulture, etc. They are carnivorous too. They have a very sharp claw with which they kill their prey and tear them into pieces. Those claw do not exist in domestic birds. The Prophet (S.A.W) said it is prohibited for my Ummah every bird that has claw and every animal that has eyetooth. We are not allowed to eat those carnivorous because:
iii a. Their meat make the consumer ferocious and aggressive.
b. the nutritionist said: eating of too much meat in general causes blood pressure, nervousness and emotionalism. It is said that those who cock for fighting, feed them with meat in order to change their mild nature to a ferocious and aggressive one so as to fight like beasts.
c. Most of the scientific references classify pig among omnivorous, e,g, cat, human being, etc it was tried in Europe and America to feed swines with only vegetables and grass but it failed, because they need to be fed with both meat and vegetable in order to keep on growing normally. In this nature they resemble human beings. Although pigs are kept in Europe in clean folds, they eat carcass, faeces and other dirty things when they are taken out for grazing in the forest or garden.
d. Swine influenza: it was discovered that pig plays a great role in carrying microbe that causes influenza epidemic which is regarded today as one of the most fatal diseases. It is called swine influenza because the fit of the epidemic first appeared among the herdsmen who rear pigs A-tibba-al wiqai p. 225.


The Holy Qur’an prohibited pork more than fourteen centuries ago. Now it is discovered scientifically the reason behind the prohibition. In spite of the fact that, some scientific measures were taken by the Europeans to purify swine from those worms and diseases, still some people suffer a lot from them in Europe. Our creator Almighty Allah in His holy book “he has only forbidden you dead meat and blood, and the flesh of swine” Q 2:173.
Baba Ali Mustapha is with the Department of Planning/Research/Statistic, Ministry of Environment, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
Babaalimustapha3@gmail.com
Tel: 07039115907
Reference:
I. THE ROLE OF ISLAM IN THE FIELD OF MODERN MEDICINE by Professor M.A. MU’AZU NGURU of University of Maiduguri, the book was foreward by Professor Umaru Shehu, preface by Professor A.W. Hassan both of University of Maiduguri, Faculty of Medicine. The book was printed by Ramadan Press Ltd tel: 077/42623, 43352 Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria (1992).
2. AL-ILM, Volume 3 Number 1, Islamic Medical Journal Published by Islamic Medical Student Association of Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria (1988).

THE MEDICAL ADVICE OF THE HOLY PROPHET (S.A.W)
Abu Dauda once said: O Prophet of Allah (Muhammad), if I am cured of my sickness and I am thankful for it, it is better than if I were sick and bore it patiently? And the Holy Prophet replied verily, the Prophet of Allah loves sound health just as you do. Prophetic tradition.
The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) himself took medicine and advised his family and his companions to do the same whenever they become sick. There are many hadith of the beloved Prophet where he talked on medical matters. Among those hadiths are the following:
a. The owner of sick animals should not drive them to the owner of healthy animals
b. One day some Arabs came to the Prophet and asked him; O Prophet of Allah are we allowed to take medicine? The Prophet replied take medicine, for Allah did not create any disease except, He created its cure, but only one disease; that is decrepitude.
c. Almighty Allah did not send any disease except He sent dawn its cure and include Covid 19.
d. Fly from the leper as you would fly from a Lion.
e. if you hear that plague has broken out in a country do not go there, if it breakout in a country where you are staying do not leave it, that is the characteristics of Covid 19.
There is no doubt that this hadith which was said more than one thousand years ago still serve a great medical precaution. It means that the inhabitants of plague infected place should stay in their place rather than endangering the inhabitant of other uninfested places by taking the plague there. This is necessary precaution which should always be taken in order not to make the remaining areas suffer, i.e. the Principal of Quarantine and surveillance which now practiced throughout the world, the countries affected by Covid 19.
f. Every disease has its own remedy:
This hadith may mean that every disease in this world has its own cure including the incurable disease, except that Allah Has not given mankind the access to the knowledge of their remedies. That is why the Prophet (S.A.W) further commented that curing means the treatment of a disease by chance; for a physician can prescribe a certain treatment for a certain disease in someone and cure him and also the same physician can prescribe the same treatment for the same illness in another person, but may not cure him, in other words, it means curing of a disease, not mere application of the treatment cures it.
The hadith may also means that all the diseases created by Allah have their remedies except the incurable ones. The utterance of the Prophet (S.A.W) is a clear evidence that, Islam is not only recognizing medicine, but is also urging mankind to medicate and seek for treatments for their diseases. It gives hope to both the patient and the physician. Whenever a patient knows his sickness is curable, like Covid 19 he will become calm, comfortable and tranquil psychologically. This situation will enhance his recovery.
The physician too will put more effort in looking for different treatments and solutions in his conviction that every disease has its remedy e.g. Covid 19.
In the series of the Prophet traditions on medicine we find where he talked about filling one’s stomach with food. This causes indigestion or what they call dyspepsia. For this reason, he advised us not to fill our stomach, but we should divide it into three parts. The first part should be designated to food, the second part should be confined to water and the third part should be left for ourselves, i.e. for breathing. This agree to some extent with the present day medical fact, where it says: “Diet was the first resort of the physician. The first thing to do in the majority of cases, was to limit the patient’s diet or to put him on a special regime. If this did not help, then to treat by diet and simple drugs. If this did not succeed, then use compound medication.


MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION OF THE HOLY PROPHET MUHAMMAD (S.A.W)
The Prophet (S.A.W) said, “fever is from the heat of hellfire, you should cool it down with water. This prescription goes in conformity with the present day medical advise on fever, when one’s temperature goes high, furthermore one of the symptoms of Covid 19 is high fever.
BEE HONEY
One day a man came to the Prophet and complained of stomach ache. The Prophet advised the man to take honey, cause his stomach ache was caused by indigestion as a result of filling his belly with food, and honey was capable of getting rid of the excess. His abdomen was attacked by a commingling viscid substance which prevented the food to settle because of its stickiness and viscidity. Stomach has naplike a dried nap which if a commoningled viscid substance sticks to it will disorganize the stomach and hence ferments the food and decomposes it.
It is confirmed scientifically that bee honey is very useful in treating many diseases. Among them are the following:
a. BLOOD DEFICIENCY AND RICKETS IN SUCKLING BABIES
The blood of a suckling baby who is newly born contain some quantity of iron and calcium which sustains him for three months only. If the milk of the mother is lacking enough quantity of iron, then the baby will suffer from blood deficiency and if the mother is lacking calcium, the baby’s bone and teeth will be slow in growing, for this, doctors advise mother to give their babies a spoon of bee honey everyday starting from the fourth month. Al-tibb-al wiqai p. 345
b. HONEY IN TREATMENT OF STOMACH ULCER
Honey is an alkaline substance, for it reduces the sourness of the stomach, smoothes the ulcer and reduces the colic and the vomitive condition which resulted from the ulcer, but to make the treatment more successful, the honey should be taken before meal by two hours and is also possible to take a gulping of warm water.

c. HONEY AND THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY INFLAMATION
It increase the kidney deposit of glycogen by increasing glucose in the blood, by this it helps the kidney to function.
d. HONEY AS A TREATMENT OF CONVULSION OF MUSCLES
It treats convulsion of muscles resulting from physical exercise. It also treat contraction of face muscles and eye lids. By taking a table spoon of honey for three days after every meal all those sign will disappear. Al-tibba-al wiqui p.249
e. HONEY TRANQUILS NERVE AND HEALS JAUNDICE
It does so because it contain some tranquilizing elements like potassium, sodium and iodine. If one take a table spoon of honey before bed, he will sleep peacefully without any disturbance. Honey is a very effective medicine for many diseases but consult your physician or nutritionist for further information.
f. HONEY AS TREATMENT OF ASTHMA AND DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING
As far as coronavirus Covid 19 is concern, this is our area of interest, because the most serious symptom of Covid 19 is asthmatic condition that is difficulty in breathing. And honey is the best medicine to treat such condition. How do it is by taking two spoon of honey early in the morning and two table spoon of honey before bed for about two weeks.
Our creator Allah Almighty say in the Holy Qur’an with regard to Bee and Honey. Those issues from within their bodies a drink of varying colours wherein is healing for men. Qur’an 16:69.
Some group of Arabs came to the Prophet and complained of dropsy. The Prophet advised them to take camel’s milk and urine and they did so, and as a result they were cured.
The Prophet was wounded on the face in the battle of Uhud, his daughter Fatima was nursing the wound by washing it in a bid to stop the blood from gushing, but it continued gushing. When she saw this, she took a small part of mat made of papyrus and burnt it, she then applied the ash to the wound, soon the bleeding ceased.
The ash of papyrus is effective in stopping haemorrahage because it has a strong desiccation and less burning. Usually medicine which has strong desiccation and burning stires the blood and brings it out. It was said that, if ash together with an acid or alone is blown into a bleeding nose, that is into the nose of someone who has expistaxis, the bleeding will stop.
It was also maintained in the book of cannon that, the ash of papyrus is very useful for treating bleeding. If it is applied on a new wound it will heal, and useful for stopping noxious ulcer from compounding.
The Prophet (S.A.W) talked on cuppling and blood letting and mentioned their medical importance. Those two ways of drawing blood to surface are also approved by modern physicians as the proper way of treating various illnesses (may be even Covid 19). They affirmed that cuppling is more benefitting than blood letting in hot countries.

THE QUR’ANIC CONCERN WITH HEALTH
Disease in Islam is divided into two; namely physical and spiritual disease. However, our discussion here will focus on the former.
The religion of Islam is very much concerned with the welfare of its followers. In the Holy Qur’an, there are many verses, where Islam takes into consideration the health conditions of Muslims, and as such it exempted from some obligatory duties whenever they are sick on in a condition which may lead to sickness or weakness. Almighty Allah says in the Holy Qur’an concerning fasting, it thus reads “But if any of you is ill or on journey, the prescribed number should be made up from the days later. For those who can do it with hardship, is a ransom, the feeling of one that is indigent. Qur’an 2:134-6
From this verse, we can deduce that Islam exempts the following people from fasting during the month of Ramadan.
1. Persons who are very old, those who need food and drink to give them strength.
2. Those who are ill and fasting will be injurious to their health, e.g people suffering from peptic ulcer and diabetes mellitus.
3. Those who are on a journey may break their fast if they find it difficult to fast during the journey, for journey by itself is a hardship and fasting may add more to the hardship.
4. The labourers whose work is very handy such as mining and hard labour.
5. Nursing women advised by the doctor to break the fast, for fear that the child might not have sufficient milk to suck.
6. Women in the period of menses who need food and drink to replace the lost blood.
The Holy Qur’an further states:
And if any of you is ill or has an ailment in his scalp, necessitating shaving (he should) in compensation either fast or feed poor or offer sacrifice. Qur’an 2:196-7
Our Almighty Creator also say the following: If you are ill or on a journey or one of you come from the closet, if you have had contact with women, and you find not water, then perform tayammun using pure dust with which you wipe your face and your hand, Qur’an 4:43-8.
Ablution in Islam should be performed with pure water, but in some conditions a Muslim can do otherwise, e.g when one is sick and he knowns that using of water will compound the sickness, then he is allowed to make tayyammum: e.g one suffer from Raynaud’s disease in which the individual is allergic to cold water.
All those licenses and alternatives are given to Muslims by Islam because it is always after their health.

My little piece had been found.

It's her latest pic.

Greatzeus:

She left home? Is this are latest picture or she is now older than this? Because such a child as this shouldn't leave home to anywhere by herself.
May she be found Hale and hearty.

My little niece is missing. She left home since yesterday. Her name is Aisha Musa. She was last seen in Railway Quarters, Maiduguri, Borno State. Kindly call if you have any information:
08062437804
08030612460
08066621112
09073035505

In statewide broadcast, Zulum orders probe of Borno’s Covid-19 incex case

... To lockdown Borno from Wednesday

... Orders daily centralized briefing by committee

See full text of broadcast by Governor Zulum

Fellow Citizens,

Last night, the National Centre for Disease Control confirmed an index case of Covid-19, otherwise known as corona virus, in our dear state which took the live of one of us. Until his unfortunate death, the late health worker dedicated himself to providing humanitarian healthcare services to fellow citizens that were critically affected by the boko haram insurgency. Borno state will forever be grateful for his services. We are also profoundly grateful to all healthcare service providers, whose dedication to saving lives, will now be needed more than we ever did.

All over the world, healthcare workers are now adored more than before. And this is because, they are putting their lives on the line in trying to save others. We hold our health workers very dearly and for this reason, I am worried about the manner in which the index Covid-19 case in Borno State, was handled. In the handling of that case, we have been confronted with not only losing a healthcare service provider but also exposing at least 100 persons to risk of infection. I am certain that with the manner in which the deceased gave commitment to humanitarian services, it could never have been his will to expose citizens, he worked hard to protect.

I am setting up a panel to investigate the circumstances surrounding the outbreak and handling of the index case in Borno State.

It is my considered view that government owes this duty to both those exposed to risk of infection and the deceased, whose values were against the spread of infection. May the Almighty Allah grant mercy to the deceased and all Nigerians who died in this pandemic. Of particular note, is Malam Abba Kyari, late chief of staff to the President, who died of Covid-19 in Lagos, on Friday.

Fellow citizens, our index case, as confirmed by the NCDC, has brought to us, a strong and dangerous warning. Covid-19 is real and it has reached us in Borno State.
With our 11-year burden of dealing with the bokohuman insurgency and its mortal impacts, the coming of Covid-19 amounts to having fresh pepper on fresh injury.
However, notwithstanding the dangers posed by Covid-19, it has three solutions and these solutions have the same word:
Prevention!
Prevention!
And again, Prevention!

Fellow citizens, Covid-19 is deadly and it has no cure. It can only be prevented and we all have a shared obligation to ensure this disease does not spread in Borno State.
As part of measures, the state’s High powered team has traced 97 persons that believed to have made contacts with our index case. 35 of them were traced in Pulka town of Gwoza local government area and 64 in Maiduguri. A surveillance and case management team has also been deployed to Pulkawhile an organization, to which the index case had association, is to quarantine all persons who had contact with the index case. The state's high powered team is ensuring this standard procedure is strictly complied with.

I will like to clarify that tracing 97 interest persons does not amount to having 97 cases of Corona virus. We however await results from samples collected from these contacts, hoping we get good results.
Fellow citizens, as we have seen from the wild-fire effects of Corona virus, one index case is enough reason for very serious concern.

We are taking far reaching measures to ensure the virus does not take any more or health concern in any part of Borno State.

In the exercise of the powers conferred on me, I have signed an executive order, declaring Covid-19 a dangerous disease. For this, I am hereby directing a lockdown that will require cessation of all movements in Borno State for an initial period of 14 days with effect from 10:30pm on Wednesday, 22nd of April, 2020. All citizens in Borno State are to stay in their homes. This means all public gatherings are restricted while offices and businesses in Borno State are to be fully closed during this period. Security and intelligence agencies have been briefed for enforcement.
Government will use this period of restriction to accelerate the tracing and isolation of persons who have been in contact with the index case.

However, the restriction will not apply to providers of essential services, which the high powered team for prevention and control of Covid-19 in Borno State will make public.

The high powered team under His Excellency, the Deputy Governor, has been directed to as from tomorrow, Tuesday, commence a daily centralized media briefing at 4pm. Location for the daily briefing will be announced by the team for the access of journalists who will be among those to be given permission on essential services.

The high powered team will on daily basis provide citizens with timely updates and information on access to essential needs such as food, medical services and automated banking services.

Government will continue to observe developments as we hope to make progresses in concerted efforts to contain spread of the deadly virus.

Fellow citizens, we are very much aware of the peculiar challenges we face in Borno State. We intend to be very particular about Internally Displaced Persons. We will continue to support them We shall as time passes, consider social interventions for vulnerable citizens. We recognize that the decision to impose restriction will cause difficulties and alter the plans we make differently.
However, as Covid-19 has reminded us, health comes ahead of everything we seek.

We have taken necessary measures with the determination and hope to secure the lives of citizens in Borno State.

We pray and hope that these measures, amongst other steps we are adopting, will contribute significantly in controlling the spread of Corona virus in Borno State.

Please stay safe and may God bless Borno State and the federal Republic of Nigeria.

Source: www.twitter.com/profzulum

Grema Mohammed has set a record as the first referee from Borno State to be honoured with the FIFA Badge. Grema who was promoted to Grade 1 in 2015 was among the selected referees across the country honoured with the prestigious FIFA batch in a ceremony held in Kano State yesterday. This is indeed a milestone for the young referee coming from a region that has been battling insurgency since 2009.
Below is the list of referees honoured with the FIFA Badge:
Men:
Mohammed Grema - Referee
Hope Igho - Assistant Referee
Bello Zuru Alhassan - Futsal Referee

Women:
Olufunmilyo Abigael Alaba - Referee
Mfon Friday Akpan - Assistant Referee

The world is like a beautiful unchaste woman, who attracts the people towards her by her beauty but she has got sacred diseases which destroy one who goes unto her. If you do good to the world for one hour, it does you harm for one year. If you carry on business with the worldly people, you gain no benefit but loss. He who seek the world faces many dangers and difficulties which cannot be enumerated. Whosoever went it, it flees away from him, and whosoever does not want it, it goes to him.

The World is an Enemy of God:
The cause is that the world cut the ways of divine service. For this reason, God keeps an eye on it since He created it. The world is an enemy of the friends of God. The cause is that it presents itself with its best grandeurs just like an unchaste woman dressed with various beautiful dresses. The world is also an enemy of the enemies of God. The cause is that the world entraps them in its net of love after deceiving them and open its door of love for them. They are deceived by its love and got attached to it. The result is that they are dishonored and disgraced and they go away from it.

read more: https://247topsblog..com/2020/01/attachment-of-world-by-baba-ali-mustapha.html

According to WHO (1971) solid wastes are useless, unwanted or discarded materials that arise from man’s activities. Man’s non-degradable waste products have generally been hauled along with degradable wastes for disposal in open gullies, valleys or abandoned pit. This disposal method has led to more deterioration of the local environment around the dumping grounds. This is because some wastes attract different insects. The dumping ground also destroys the natural beauty of the environment around us.
One of the most pressing problem facing our cities at present is disposing of huge quantities of solid waste, which accumulate in our urban areas as by-product of modernization. Until very recently, Nigeria and most of third world countries had not been much concerned with solid waste disposal, our concern had not gone beyond the physical removal of waste from our streets. It has been and is still common practice in some of these countries to dispose off refuse by the most expedient method available, such method might be by open burning or the use of an open dump. But with an increasing population and rapid urbanization, our solid wastes are piling up faster than we can find satisfactory places to put them. Besides, the changes in total quantity the composition of our solid waste has changed, both of which have complicated the problem of satisfactory disposal. Coming readily to mind are the “throw away containers” which are difficult to handle in the traditional disposal processes. Added to this is the indiscriminate dumping of vehicle scraps and disused machinery on our streets and highways (another major sources of degradation of our environment).
History has it that no civilization primitive or modern arise without generation of some form of solid waste. The story of solid waste dates back to the advent of man on the earth surface. Man in every stage of civilization, no matter his occupation or social status generates solid waste, but the rate of generation and method of disposal varies (Berry, 1974).


Solid waste have been as a result of man’s activities from his earliest civilization, made more prominent during industrial revolution, intensified by technological developments of twentieth century, and given political and economic exposure by the passage of the solid waste disposal Act of 1965 in Nigeria.
Solid wastes were given national attention with the passage of solid waste disposal Act by the 89th Congress as public law 89-272 i.e. an act to authorize research and development program with respect to solid waste disposal, and for other purpose, reprinted here (it has since been amended). Now all phase, particularly the engineering, planning, sanitation and health aspect have funds provided for development and experimental approaches.
The disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste in or on the Land without careful planning and management can present a danger to human health and the environment. For example, most of developing countries like Brazil, Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Pakistan, Congo DR, e.t.c are confronted with problems of managing waste because of inadequate personnel, lack of enough funds and machineries.
The solid waste management include all measures involved in issuing sanitary storage of solid waste in generating premises, collections, transportations and final disposal of all types of solid waste to prevent health hazard and safeguard environmental degradation.
In management of waste, disposal of waste has been identified as being of utmost importance. It is the first problem, which must be discussed in any community. The task of maintaining a healthy environment through sanitary disposal of waste has become difficult in recent time in most developing countries because of the population explosion, the migration of people from rural to urban areas, the mobility of the population as a result of style of life, the increase in outdoor recreation and industrialization.
Solid waste include deposit of the discarded materials, waste particles and accumulation of agricultural, industrial and mineral waste. Solid waste is otherwise calling refuse and is found in human environment as a result of man’s activities. The component of refuse or solid waste are many and varied e.g garbage’s aches and dust, dead animals, rubbish, abandoned vehicles, e.t.c. According to LAILAI I.W. 1997 first zontal workshop on the environmental protection and management for sustainable development at College of Education, Now Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.
Solid waste may also be defined as the non-gaseous and non-liquid waste resulting from domestic activities of the inhabitant of a particular residential area (Adedibu, 1982). The phenomenon of waste generation is common to all human communities and often lead to organization process, especially when both the natural and migratory net grain are relatively large. In other word, organization as a spatial process as the common constraints. For example, when population explode, consumption tends to be elastic and people create refuse from all sorts of materials used as packaging material. Thus, man’s activities on domestic, commercial and industrial process produce some undesirable effect, which are pollutants of all categories.
According to Adedibu and Okekunle (1989) rapid population growth is a significant factor that is causing poor environmental sanitation. Nevertheless, there are factors such as inadequate knowledge of the composition of solid waste, the rate of which population generate wastes, inadequate and uncoordinated infrastructural facilities for waste disposal and rural-urban drifts.


Solid Waste in Developed and Developing World
According to Gourlay (1992) throughout the Western World there are no longer enough convenient holes in the ground into which the tip unwanted matter, while the third world, having refused to become dustbin of the first world in its struggle to industrialize, aggravate the problem by producing its own volume of waste.
While discussing solid waste management in Ohio-U.S.A., Moon (1994) cited accessibility, population characteristic, location, and open landfill availability as the factor that influence managing volumes of solid waste in Ohio. He further added that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) agenda establish for the first time a revised hierarchy of waste treatment techniques: re-use, waste reduction, recycling, resource recovery, incineration and land filling. This prioritization was oriented more towards changing household, community and state level attitude and action that engineering solutions and geologic constraints.
Channing (1971) maintained that in developed nation like Britain, U.S.A and France, solid waste is managed from the domestic and municipal to industrial level. Furthermore, its final collection for disposal is done based on fact like type of waste, season of the year, e.t.c, collection equipment are specialized, manpower in terms of skill is available, population characteristic and waste disposal habits are studied, type and quantity of solid waste to be collected are considered at the planning stage of collection, transportation and final disposal. In like manner, topographical conditions, the environment, total cost, haulage and property values are all put into account when planning a disposal system.
Some third world countries have turned the perennial scavengers of refuse heaps into collectors or sorters of usable waste. In medalling, Columbia, about 4,000 people earn a living from scavenging and recycling household wastes, they have formed cooperatives (World Resources, WR 1988-1989)
According to Jensen (1990), 10,000 scavengers make their living barely on the city’s dump in the Mexico city. In Bangkok Thailand, municipal sanitation workers double their salaries by searching out and selling used papers, bottles, can and plastics. He said the sheer size of many third world cities and their runaway growth rate make the waste situation alarming. Collection and disposal of solid waste alone already consumes up to 50% of some municipal operating budgets. And only 50-70% of urban frash is usually collected. What remain mound up in the poorest neighbourhood, providing a breeding ground for rodents and diseases. Or it is illegally dumped or burnt with little regard for environmental consequences. A world bank official associated with the project agrees that 90% of the waste in developing countries could be handled by safe landfills, combined with the recycling that goes on. The main stumbling block are not technical, they are organizational and institutional. In Douala, Cameroun, garbage collection in certain low-income neighbourhoods is being successfully organized by communities themselves.
In India, 1-3 individuals per 1000 collect and dispose refuse. In eastern Sudan, the regional Ministry of Health contracts out the task of house-to-house collection of dry refuse and rubbish in small towns to sweepers with donkey cart (W.R. 1988-89, Urban edge 1991).
In Cairo, Egypt, there exist the best-known collector of scavengers, which are Zebbalean people. Members of the Coptic Christian minority, they migrate from upper Egypt over 60 years ago and have collected the rubbish from the city’s streets since they arrived. The donkey carts took the rubbish out to the magattan hills where the women sorted out paper, plastic and metals for sale to the recycling industry. The Zebbaleen community Association drew up a plan for progressive mechanization, with the help of a Cairo Professional Organisation, Environmental Quantity International (EOI) and a grant from the U.S. Ford foundation, they competed against major companies for the right to operate a motorized collection services and won. Trucks are gradually replacing donkey carts and with assistance from or farm and the ford foundation, the Zebbleen have set up their own recycling plant (Wright, 1989, UNDP, 1991, Urban edge, 1992).
The type of living determine the nature and characteristics of refuse produced in the community. It varies from place to place and from season to season in commercial centres also during festive season, the daily output will be greater. In the hot and humid atmosphere of tropical countries such as Senegal, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Chad, organic component of refuse decompose quickly with production of obnoxious smell. Moreover, it will attract rats and other pests.


There are different sources of waste generation in any society. These include domestic, industrial, agricultural waste, construction, hospital and street refuse, e.t.c.
Domestic Waste: refers to the waste arising from domestic activities such as sweeping and food preparation among others. There are two types of domestic household wastes; personal waste is what the individual does not want while the household waste include dry refuse from sweeping organic matter, waste paper and garden refuse consisting of tree leaves and other materials. It is what the family discards. Household waste is the rubbish, which in industrialized countries, is deposited in dustbins and removed by refuse collectors for disposal. Studies conducted by the World Bank concluded that Urban refuse generation tends to increase with the economic level of countries or cities (W.R. 1988-1989).
Industrial Waste: consists of tin, cans, plastic packages among others.
Agricultural Waste: refers to crop residuals and manure, which are returned to land. Farming has always produced waste such as left overs stubles (the felled trees on the ground or residue) when a crop has been harvested.
Construction Waste: Are generated from construction site, as the building increase in size and complexity the waste get more. The waste resulting from construction includes nails, iron sheets, pipes and other construction materials.
Hospital Wastes: Are those resulting from clinic and dressing stations, which are obviously dangerous, unless treated carefully. The contaminated materials consist of surgical dressing of all kinds.
Method of Solid Waste Management
The most pressing problem associated with the wastes management in developing countries is the unsanitary manner by which the solid waste are generated, collected, conveyed, screened, processed and disposed off. It has been observed that refuse collection and disposal have been inefficiently tackled in most urban centres. In Nigeria, some states like Lagos, Rivers, Kaduna, Borno, Kano, Enugu and Oyo where the local governments are responsible for these activities, they are often inadequately equipped to tackle the problems. They have been severely handicapped by financial constraints, traffic jams, lack of disposal site, bad location of mechanical workshops, lorry parks and organization and management problems (Masood et.al 1983).
The systems of collection and disposal of solid waste differ from one locality to the other. The reason responsible for such differences include the attitude of people and government, resource availability and literacy level of the people (Maduke, 1987).
Masood et.al (1983) further argued that the indifferences shown to waste collection and disposal results into; air pollution (smoke odours), infestation by rats, flies and pest, pollution of surface and subsurface water, unsightliness (blowing paper, leaves) and increased truck traffic, among other problems.
The various method of solid waste disposal include; open dumping, sanitary land filling or controlled tipping, incineration, composing onsite disposal, among others.
Open Dumping: is the oldest and most common method of waste disposal. In this method, dump sites are indiscriminate located, and wastes are either allowed to pile or levelled at times. Most cities in Africa are resorting to this method of disposal which is most unsatisfactory and has adverse effects on the urban environment, it creates nuance and health hazards.
Sanitary Landfilling or Controlled Tipping: Is the method by which waste is deposited in a place and covered immediately after compaction with at least 15cm thick of stable material. A typical sanitary landfill consists of alternate layers of compacted refuse and soil. The depth of landfill varies according to Local condition from about 2 metres to 12 metres. This method is more satisfactory as the earth cover when compacted, provides a tight seal and prevents flies from multiplying fast and rodents from invading the fill minimizes the blowing and scattering of refuse, e.t.c. It can be used as a method of reclaiming low lying wasteland for parks, gardens and other recreational areas, and as site for construction.
Incineration: Fire destroys everything. Burning is the most sanitary way of disposal. Refuse from infections diseases hospital should be burnt to avoid spread of infection. In large municipalities either large in incinerators as installed or furnaces are built in selected areas for burning refuse. Incineration is a process of reducing combustible wastes to inert residue at very high temperature (1400of). Though this method has the advantage of reducing the space requirement for waste disposal.
Incineration is expensive and has the disadvantage for producing foil smell during the process. Tight packing of cow dung, dropping of donkeys and other animals in manure pit with an earth cover is preferable. Digestion of cow dung to gas plant yield fuel gas and sludge. The gas is used as a domestic fire and sludge for the field as manure.
Composting: is the biological decomposition of organic material to humus like form, in which moist solid organic matter are decomposed by aerobic organisms under controlled conditions. The end result will be an oxidized product as COMPOST. A good compost contains nitrogen and phosphorus in an organic humus. Very suitable the assimilation by plants. The condition necessary to obtain compost are;
i. Suitable open land
ii. The compost should not be removed before it becomes ripe in 4 to 6 months
iii. The solid waste should be moist and well accreted
Composting is the most economical and sanitary method of refuse disposal out of extensive researches carries out in India, two methods of composting have evolved, indore Bangalore methods.
Onsite Disposal: is mostly common in homes and institutions.
Swine Feed Method: is which swine’s are allowed to feed on garbage in urban areas especially in U.S.A. This once led to the outbreak of disease in U.S.A. Finally, to keep the Environment clean, Borno State Government in Nigeria recently, on 2nd November, 2019 reintroduced the monthly Environmental Exercise in the state which was absent for about 20 years. It was flagged off by the Governor represented by the Deputy Governor.

Baba Ali Mustapha is Ag. Director, in the Department of Planning, Research and Statistic, Ministry of Environment, Borno State, Nigeria. Happy New Year 2020.

Reference:
Issue and Strategies in Environmental Planning and Management in Nigeria by S.N. Uchegbo, published by Statelite Publishers, 27, Ochi Street, Enugu, Nigeria.

LAILAI, I.W. First Zonal Workshop on the Environmental Protection and Management for Sustainable Development Help at College of Education, Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.

World Health Organisation (WHO) Publication (1971)
Wright 1989, UNDP 1991, Urban Edge 1992
World Resource, W.R. 1988-1989.


Source: https://247topsblog..com/2019/12/solid-wastes-management-in-third-world.html

It is by means of soul that man is the best of creation as it is by means of soul that man acquires the knowledge of God and His attributes and by no other organ of the body. It is by means of soul that man can go to the nearness of God and make efforts to realize Him. So soul is the king of the body and its different organs are its servant to carryout its orders and commands. It is accepted by God when it remains free from things other than God. When it is attached to things other than God, it drifts away from God. It is the soul which will be asked and rebuked. It becomes fortunate if it is purified and cleansed, and it becomes unfortunate if it is kept impure. It is the knowledge of soul which is the root of the knowledge of God. When man does not know himself he does not know God. Majority of men are ignorant of soul and its attributes as screen is cast between soul and baser self. God says: God move between a man and his soul and controls it and its attributes. It is between the two figures of the merciful. It sometimes reaches the last limit of the devil and sometimes rises so high as to the throne of the Almighty. He who does not enquire about his soul is included among these persons of whom God says in the following verse: They forget God and so He made their soul forgetful-Q19:67. They are the transgressors. It is therefore essential to know soul and its attributes which is the root of religion. What has been said I like to relate is not outward organs and bodily limbs, but to narrate. Read more: https://247topsblog..com/2019/07/soul-and-its-attributes-by-baba-ali.html

BMF 2019 is slated to hold on 21st April, 2019 in Bauchi, the capital of Hip Hop in Northern Nigeria. With over 21 artistes including Martino El Casino, Don One, Ice Cute, B.O.C are expected to perform at the 3rd edition of Beehive Music Festival, this year’s edition is aimed at uniting and uplifting the city, revolutionizing hip hop, talent galore, inspirational, creative and youthful experience. Below are stunning facts why BMF 2019 may be out of control.

* Beehive Music Festival is organized by One Mic Stand

* Beehive Music Festival had its debut in 2017 and held at E4 Resort.

* Over 1,500 attended the first edition of Beehive Music Festival in 2017.

* Over 42 artistes including B.O.C, Black House, BHP and others performed at Beehive Music Festival 2017.

* All items displayed by the various vendors at Beehive Music Festival 2017 was completed sold out.

* Beehive Music Festival 2018 was sold out days before the event.

* Over 3,000 attended the Beehive Music Festival 2018.

* Over 30 artistes performed at Beehive Music Festival 2018.

With the above facts, it is adviceable to purchase your tickets earlier to avoid the rush.

source: https://247tops.net/2019/04/08/facts-why-beehive-music-festival-2019-may-be-out-of-control/

It was summer, 1936 in Berlin. The Flags of Nazi Germany, carrying the sign of Swastika, fluttered around the stadium. From his special rostrum, Hitler watched with apprehension and discomfort an athletic event. An American black named Jesse Owens was overtaking all his white rivals, and soon he succeeded in establishing a new record of the world’s for 200-meter race. This black’s victory clearly falsified the Nazi leader’s theory of superiority of the Aryan race.

Fifty-five years later, had Hitler been alive and watching the 1991 world athletic competition would certainly have had a heart attack, because, among the participant in 100-metres race at the starting line not even one white was to be seen. In the speed 200 and 400 meter race, to all finalist were black.

In the last a century, black athletes have conquered all platforms of Olympic running championship. In the decades of the 1950s and 1960s, out of every three championship medals of 100, 200 and 400 meters speed running two medals were for black athletes. Moreover, 20 years later in Los Angeles and Seoul Olympic up to the Last Olympic was Usain Bolt of Jamaica won nine Gold medals. All the medal of different running events both speed and handicap-were won by blacks. Not even one bronze medal was won by whites.

The black athletes victory in world athletic competition races, is surprising and curious. Apart from the athletic even in the boxing almost all the heavyweight champion in the last century were black. From the Americans Mahammad Ali, Mike Tyson and Evander Holyfield to the present heavyweight champion a Nigerian born, Briton Anthony Joshua. Furthermore, almost all top players of American NBA (basketball) were from black race. Since four decades it has drawn the attention of scientists and researchers. Is there any special quality in blacks of physical and genetic nature which makes them victorious? Is it due to some special genes, characterizing stature, eye, eyebrow, ear, nose and even some moral behavioural peculiarities passed on from one generation to another and being more active and more developed in black?.

In order to find a convincing answer, a number of researchers have studied for years such points carefully and scientifically. The first conclusion is that a majority of the speed-racing champions are from America, but as far as their own ancestry is concerned, they have roots in West Africa. This is because in the past centuries when slave trade was at its peak, the ancestors of the present black of America, were carried in groups as slaves from West Africa to the other side of Atlantic ocean. Now the descendants of some oppressed people stand on Olympic championship platforms.

Most of them are nationals of the United States, but there are others groups, too, who live in Canada, Jamaica, Cuba and other points of Sentral and South America.

Yet, during the slave trade certainly not all the members of the West African tribes went as slaves. In fact most of them remained in their homeland and still their descendants continue living in newly independent countries. But among them, no runners have arisen who could challenge their blood relative champions of America. Therefore, is the running ability among such tribes are hereditary, and result from a special gene, why then those who have been carried to America have shown the utmost capacities while those who remained have shown no distinction in this connection up to now?

Claude Boucher a Canadian biologist with many years of study on the question, replies in a report on his studies, in the negative. He says that up to now no gene has been discovered to show a direct relationship with the capabilities for running. Yet, many experiments on the West African blacks, whether those who have been living in America for generations, or those who continue to live in their original land reveal that in the muscle structure of those people there exist differences compared to the others, in that special issues for rapid and instantaneous movements have developed in their enzyme attacking the operation of metabolism and producing energy in a better and more rapid way. The growth of such tissues can be due to genetic reason. However, many genes are limited to one possibility or aptitude and only under suitable conditions of living environment, or by exercise and development, can they become effective. It is due to the same reason that blacks who emigrated to America, by virtue of suitable conditions of the new environment and by exercise and physical education, have been able to develop their running aptitude; while, their relative in Africa who had no possibilities to develop their genetic potential, could not utilize it in the sport competitions and have naturally gained no success. It is possible that they will overcome this handicap in the future.

The theory of Professor Boucher has attracted the attention of other scientists, including another Canadian biologist named Simonov. He gathered other evidence to confirm Boucher’s theory. Simonov points out that until the end of the decade of 1980s, the sport experts were of the opinion that the black champions were only distinguished in speed races, but in the Seoul Olympic the unexpected success of Kenya and Ethiopian runners in handicap races, of 800-, 500- and 5000- meter races astonished all the people. After that in the World competition of track and field sports of Tokyo (Japan) in 1991, the Kenyan competitors in the handicap of 10,000 meters were victorious. From among 10 finalists of this competition, 8 were Kenyans who joined all the championship medals. Kenya and Ethiopia are in East Africa and Simonov believes that a kind of gene for running is also present in blacks of that region. Except that firstly, these people have only in the recent years have been thinking to develop and utilize their aptitude in this connection. Secondly, since the region is mountainous, the genetic aptitude of the people has been more compatible of the handicap race. The blacks of this region from the childhood are used to long walking in the mountains and there are times that they walk for 30km per day. Under such conditions movement is slower but the distance longer, the body used its fat reserves in order to produce energy, while; in rapid movements and short distance, only hydrates of carbons are able to provide energy. Thus in the plains and flat areas of South Africa, the black have the privilege of speed and in the mountainous areas of East Africa, they have the privilege of resistance. Both these qualities may have genetic roots.


Yet, if this is true and genes can control man’s abilities, for running and probably in other sport, such as jumping, discus, throwing, swimming and weight-lifting, in view of the rapid advancements in genetic science and genetic engineering, wouldn’t it become true soon that by replacing one or more genes, an indolent and untalented person in sports suddenly becomes a champion in a desirable sports event!! Of course, at present this is only giving away to imagination. God forbid that such a speculation comes true like some Jules Vernes’ predictions. If it happens, we may have to ring the death knell of sports and Olympic competitions. If today doping is considered the cancer of Olympics, affecting the grafting of genes or making of champions would certainly means the doom of Olympic games.

Baba Ali Mustapha is with the Department of Planning and Research, Ministry of Environment, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

Reference:

Echo of Islam, published by Islamic Thought Foundation, Tehran, Iran (1992).

Source: https://247topsblog..com/2019/03/why-blacks-always-win-by-baba-ali.html

As one of the measures to aid orphans and vulnerable children, Young Prodigy is set to organize a concert with the aim of raising funds for orphans and vulnerable children. The Kris Talker and Kids Charity Concert is part of the numerous events powered by Kris Talker and Kids Initiative whose aim is to reach out to Orphans and vulnerable children who has been affected by the insurgent in NorthEastern part of Nigeria. The Kris Talker and Kids Charity Concert is an avenue to raise funds for its beneficiaries.

hosted by PsychoSwag and Aisha Dzivama, the event will witness first time performances from BOC Madaki and Bishop Talk. Also to perform include YERIMZ, El NELLY, Stain, Laff Doctor, MC Gabriel, Mc Lopez, Psycho Swag, Sam P, HAUWEE and the Anchor Styno.

Date: Sunday March 31st, 2019

Time: Red Carpet-3Pm; Main Event – 4Pm

Venue: Convocation Square, University of Maiduguri

247tops Media is the official media partner for KrisTalker and Kids Charity Concert is support.

Source: https://247tops.net/2019/03/06/b-o-c-coming-to-maiduguri-for-the-first-time/

The University of Maiduguri has announced the resumption date for academic activities following the suspension of a strike by the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU).

The university management in a statement signed by the Registrar, Tijjani Bukar announced February 13, as resumption date for its students.

The statement reads:

Following the suspension of the strike action embarked upon by the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU), The Top Management Committee met on Tuesday 12th February, 2019 and decided that academic activities for the 2018/2019 will resume on Wednesday 13th February, 2019.

This is to enable returning and new students to conclude their registration and to also avail those who registered on campus the opportunity to exercise their civic responsibilities during the forthcoming elections.

A revised academic calendar for the 2018/2019 session will be circulated in due course.

We wish our staff and students a successful semester.



Source: https://247tops.net/2019/02/13/university-of-maiduguri-announces-resumption-date/

Philipak:


Pls help, I got an incomplete text message.
Is there a general center in Lagos?

I'm trying to assess the site, it ain't going?

Does anyone have a complete message?

Search ur name on d website to get ur complete details

Nezy4Real:
What sort of short notice is this na, how do they want ppl who don't reside close to dia centers to meet up.

The list of candidates has Been on their website for days

Pls mods push this to front page to help

Cc mynd44 lalastica

More photos: https://247tops.net/2019/01/15/10yearschallenge-nigerian-queen-organization-causes-confusion/

The Nigerian Queen Organization joins the #10YearsChallenge as various throwback pictures of Past and Present Queens of the Pageant were released. As you view them below it might interest you to note that Queen Rachael, Nigerian Queen 2018 Winner laid some of the concrete blocks for the construction of the free,clean and accessible water bore hole in Abonnema girls secondary school. Also, the registration for 2019 Nigerian Queen ends on 18th January, 2019.

With this time table, Buhari won't be available for the Presidential debate slated for this month.

University of Maiduguri is the cheapest, the school fees ranges from 18,500

I wish to make it clear that this research was conducted before the insurgency; I am deeply indebted to Bukar Bulama Bita. I brought the subject again because before the defeat of the Jihadists by Nigerian Army, Camp Zero, the operation Headquarters (HQ) of the Jihadists, known as Boko Haram was in the dreaded Sambisa forest and at that time they control 23 out of 27 Local Governments in Borno State and some Local Governmenst in both Yobe and Adamawa States.
It will also go into the Annals of Borno, Nigeria and African History that it is during the rain of President Muhammadu Buhari that Camp Zero, the operational HQ of Boko Haram in Sambisa forest fell to superior fighting powers of Nigerian Army and Air Force under the command of Lt Gen. Tukur Buratai (Chief of Army Staff) and Air Marshal Sadiq Abubakar (Chief of Air Staff), supported by Operation Lafiya Dole Theatre Commanders Major. Gen. Lucky Irabor, Major. Gen. Attahiru and Major. Gen. Nicolas Rochas, so let us know more about this dreaded sambisa forest.
The establishment and management of Protected Area is one of the important ways of ensuring that the world’s natural resources are conserved so that they can better meet the socio-economic needs of mankind now and in the future.
In Nigeria, the first game reserve (Yankari) was established in 1956, but the practice of setting aside sacred areas as religious sanctuaries or exclusive hunting reserves is much older and the tradition has been continued in many widely different cultures to the present day. The control and management of Protected Areas such as Forest Reserves, Game Reserves, Game Sanctuaries are direct responsibilities of the state government until recently.
In Borno State, the first game reserve (Sambisa) was established in the early 1970s since then the state has dedicated much effort in the protection of her wildlife and wildlife conservation area. Laws have been enacted, boundaries of Protected Areas demarcated and the antipoaching unit motivated and equipped. All those activities have always aimed at eliminating man particularly the local community and their activities from wildlife conservation area.
Location:
Sambisa Game Reserve is situated in the Southern part of Borno State, it covers about 518km2 (Bukar, 2001). Sambisa lies between latitude 11o 15o – 11o 30o North and longitude 13o 22o – 13o 37o East. (Fig. 1)

Greater part of the Reserve lies in Gwoza local government area while some part of it falls within Bama local government area. The reserve is bounded by Konduga local government to the North, Gwoza to the South and West and Bama local government to the East.
Physical Component of the Sambisa:
Climate:
Sambisa Game Reserve area experiences distinct wet and dry seasons with the southern part receiving slightly higher rainfall. The wet season last from May to October while the dry season which is usually longer last from November to April (Bukar, 2001). Sambisa Game Reserve has a mean annual rainfall of about 595mm. The temperature is high during the day time and cool during nights. The hottest months are April and May with mean temperatures of about 420c and 41.4oc respectively.
Drainage:
There are 4 principal streams in the Reserve area. These streams are fed by River Yedzaram that passes adjacent to the reserve. The River Yedzaram together with River Ngadda have diffused flow in the extensive swamps and depressions of the Sambisa Reserve area. The main Lake (Kwada) which is a tributary of the River Yedzaram retain water throughout the year while some of the streams retain water only for some time and completely dry out in the dry season. They all provide shallow ground water for the flood plains (Fadama) which are important sources of grasses for grazing animals especially in the dry season.
Topography and Soil:
Sambisa Game Reserve area is generally flat except around the streams. The soil in the reserve is a holomorphic type. It is commonly clay in the riverine area while the rest of the reserve are cracking clay or black cotton soil with high salinity. Carol and Klinkenberg (1972), Mamza (1990), Bukar (2001).
Biological Component of Sambisa Flora Resources:
Sambisa Game Reserve lies largely in the Sudan Savannah zone characterized by few trees and seasonal drought with the northern portion in the Northern Guinea zone. Typically the vegetation in the reserve area is uniform all over except that it is thicker in the riverine area. Typically plant species found in the reserve include Acacia spp mixed with colonies of Balanitesaegyptica and Ziziphus spp. Other common tree found in the reserve include AnogeissusLeocarpus, Combretum glutinosum, Prosepis Africana among others. The trees on the stream sides are usually large with open canopy. They form dense woodland, they include Diospyros Mespilliformis, Vitex doniana, Khaya Senegalensis. These usually grade into open woodland dominated by grasses like Andropogan gayanus and Hyparrhenia involucrate. At the central portion of the reserve are trees like AdansoniaDigitata, commiphora Africana and Dalbergia Melanoxylon. Around the south-eastern part of the reserve are shrubs like Anona senegalensis pilistigma thoningi and Gardoniaferniforlia, large trees like Acacia nilotica, Tamarindusindica, Albeziacharalieri and Taminaliaglancescens also occur scattered in the reserve. These plants not only provide food and harbours the wild animals in the reserve but also have potentials for socio-economic development of the local communities around the reserve.


Fauna Resources:
The reserve supports a good collection of the animals typical of Savannah habitat including Roan antelope, Topi, Reedbuck, Spotted Hyena, Red fronted gazelles among others. Red patas monkey and Baboon are the dominant species among the primates found in the reserve. Sambisa Game Reserve forms the major part of the dry season habitat for about 300 elephants.
In terms of bird life the reserve is very rich, in birds harbouring some species which are rare in Nigeria but so evocative of Africa as a whole including the Ostriches’, secretary birds, pelicans, bustards and ground hornbill. More than 200 species of birds consisting of both resident and migratory have been recorded in the reserve (Grema, 1990; Bukar, 2001). It is also important to note that Sambisa Game Reserve is the last remaining stronghold of wild ostriches in Nigeria. Reptiles are represented by Nile and Savannah monitor lizards and pythons in the reserve.
Socio-economic Component of Sambisa:
Population:
There are about 10 villages including Alafia, Balda, Bita, Bulanjibia, Chore, Jeltere, Modube, Maidurmari, Takombare and Yuwe surrounding the Sambisa Game Reserve which traditional right to the land. The population of those communities in 2001 vary ranging from Yuwe about 193 to Bita 2,529. The total estimated population of the communities is approximately 8,352 as in 2001. (Source, National Population Commission).
Settlement Pattern:
The settlement pattern of the 10 communities around Sambisa Game Reserve are sedentary in nature. Their dwelling place were constructed from resources of residues from crops especially corn stalk and grasses except in Bita, Modube and Maidurmari villages where some houses were constructed from mud and corrugated roofing sheets. The nomad tend to migrate, following a define pattern during the dry season they stay around the reserve in search for grazing forage for a period between 5 to 6 months and migrate towards the northern part of the state during the wet season.
Social characteristics of the communities:
In the study area (Sambisa) each village is headed by the ward head (Bulama). The Bulama is answerable to the village head (Lawan) who represent authority and is the linkage with the district head and the emirate. He also has authority over all land in the community especially communal lands. Land is allocated to the villages and their land right are continuous. After the cultivation of land continuously for a number of years the farmer has the customary right to the land and can pass it to his heir.
In addition the Lawan usually settle as disputes relating to social issue such as marriage, divorce, inheritance and ownership of resources. Also, the Lawan usually has good report with traditional rulers and local government area officials which can facilitate access to essential commodities such as fertilizer procurement by the community.
Land Use in Sambisa Area:
The major land use type around the Sambisa Game Reserve is crop cultivation and livestock grazing. The cultivation of crops take place on individual farmers landholding while the grazing of livestock are carried out on either the communal land or illegally within the Sambisa Game Reserve.


Economic activities of the communities:
The local economy of the communities around Sambisa Game Reserve is dominated by subsistence agricultural activities. The cultivation of crop is carried out by rain-fed agriculture. The major crops cultivated include maize, sorghum and beans. Production is mostly for subsistence and surpluses are sold in local markets. In addition to rain-fed agriculture, farming of vegetable crops using irrigation mostly grown on Fadama land largely for market sales are carried out in Chore and Modube communities.
Livestock rearing is another significant economic activity that is practical around the Sambisa Game Reserve. In all communities livestock are kept and they graze around and within the reserve.
Traditionally, the Fulanis were subsistence herders but the lifestyle of most of them gradually changed to a more settled existence embracing new economic activities. Collection of forest products is mainly an off-farm seasonal activity which takes place largely during the dry season. Forest products of significance are the gum Arabic which are collected for sales to generate income. Hunting and fishing are another significant economic activities around the Sambisa Game Reserve.
General Knowledge about Game Reserve
From time immemorial conservation of wildlife resources has been practiced particularly in Africa using diverse indigenous techniques such as the forest groves, parts of some rivers and streams set aside as sacred site by various communities for religious and other traditional rites. In these areas activities like hunting, fishing, tree cutting were either totally forbidden or seasonally used (Sanus, 1997). These were the fore runners of our current in Situ conservation strategies which include National Parks and the different types of Protected Area. The indigenous conservation strategies recognize indigenous knowledge and management system and these systems are governed by local institutions based on culture. The system ensure equity access to members of the local communities.
Just over 100 years ago, it became apparent that the wildlife heritage was under increasing threat from the rapid growth of economic activities and human population (El-Ashry, 1996). That awareness of the environmental problems posed by human development spurred the modern conservation movement which has quite a lot of western influence in the management of natural resources emerged and displaced the indigenous conservation philosophy by the introduction of written discriminatory regulative institution and legislature with a strong non consumptive orientation with limited cultural affiliation except individual valuation (Bukar, 2001).
In the year 252 BC the Emperor Asoka of India passed an edict for the Protection of animals, fish and forests (IUCN 1986). This may be the earliest documented instance of the deliberate establishment of what we today call Protected Area.
In developing countries the level of increase in Protected area is much higher than in the developed countries and the increase is extremely in rapid pace. This is because the developing countries encourage the expansion of Protected area as a means of ensuring faster economic development through eco-tourism.
Nigeria is not an exception in the increase in the number of Protected area. By 1975 there were 30 game reserve and 5 game sanctuaries in addition to the 1,129 forest reserve across the country (Marguba, 1999).
Wherever protected area exist, it is surrounded by local communities who benefit as well as bear some costs for living in close proximity to the protected areas. These costs and benefits of living next to protected areas is today widely investigated particularly in Africa and in most cases where as previously the local people were merely seen as a burden on the periphery of protected area there is now growing recognition that successful long term management of protected area depends on the cooperation and support of local communities on the immediate surroundings (Gemassa et.al, 1994).
Baba Ali Mustapha is with the Department of Planning, Research and Statistic, Ministry of Environment, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
Reference:
Substantial part of this article was culled from Bukar, B.B. (2001) socio-economic impact of Sambisa game reserve, Post Graduate Diploma Environmental Management PADEM, Dissertation, Department of Geography, University of Maiduguri.


Source: https://247tops.net/2018/12/20/things-you-didnt-know-about-the-sambisa-game-reserve/

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