Area/System Symptom or Sign Deficiency General appearance Wasting Energy Skin Rash Many vitamins, zinc, essential fatty acids Rash in sun-exposed areas Niacin (pellagra) Easy bruising Vitamin C or K Hair and nails Thinning or loss of hair Protein Premature whitening of hair Selenium Spooning (upcurling) of nails Iron Eyes Impaired night vision Vitamin A Corneal keratomalacia (corneal drying and clouding) Vitamin A Mouth Cheilosis and glossitis Riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, iron Bleeding gums Vitamin C, riboflavin Extremities Edema Protein Neurologic Paresthesias or numbness in a stocking-glove distribution Thiamin (beriberi) Tetany Ca, Mg Cognitive and sensory deficits Thiamin, niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin B 12 Dementia Thiamin, niacin, vitamin B 12 Musculoskeletal Wasting of muscle Protein Bone deformities (e.g., bowlegs, knocked knees, curved spine) Vitamin D, Ca Bone tenderness Vitamin D Joint pain or swelling Vitamin C GI Diarrhea Protein, niacin, folate, vitamin B12 Diarrhea and dysgeusia Zinc Dysphagia or odynophagia (due to Plummer-Vinson syndrome) Iron Endocrine

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