kayfra:


Read below

That's the academic version. I'm giving you the realistic spin

Bros,
I hope you studied English comprehension in school.


Subject : is trade relations between riverine populations of Igbo's and Igalas.

Not even the whole ethnic group, just the riverine subset.
Stop wasting cyber space

GerogeI:


Lol, you sound like a baby.
Stop making conjectures, provide irrefutable proof of your claims.
If nothing else, at least you should be able to name one southeast Governor who is Igala.

That you said so does not make it true, especially seeing as you are Y-a-riba ( a son of the People of Deceit)
Your credentials for fallacy goes before you!

More proof that Eri is of Igala stock. See link

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337413647_ERI_MIGRATED_FROM_IGALA

GerogeI:


Bros,
I hope you studied English comprehension in school.


Subject : is trade relations between riverine populations of Igbo's and Igalas.

Not even the whole ethnic group, just the riverine subset.
Stop wasting cyber space

Both groups (Igbo and Igala) agreed that Igala was the dominant partner

kayfra:


More proof that Eri is of Igala stock. See link

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337413647_ERI_MIGRATED_FROM_IGALA

Are you really a scholar,
You have now degenerated to quoting propaganda material from Igala General Assembly, with no history value. Just an opinionated scrap.

Attah is the father of Igala, and a son of Eri. That's why all their kings are refered to as Attah. And this translates to father, not even king.

That is the only proof you need that Igala's, decended from the Son of Eri.

kayfra:


Both groups (Igbo and Igala) agreed that Igala was the dominant partner

Yes, Igala, was the dominant partner in insignificant riverine trade between our boarder areas. They needed it more than we did. While we were busy looking for the Portuguese and Dutch, they were busy looking for us.


Now that I have helped you with academic level comprehension, run along. Next time do not quite write-ups that exceed your brain capacity

GerogeI:

Are you really a scholar,
You have now degenerated to quoting propaganda material from Igala General Assembly, with no history value. Just an opinionated scrap.

Attah is the father of Igala, and a son of Eri. That's why all there kings are reffer Ed to as Attah. And this translates to father, not even king.

That is the only proof you need that Igala's, decended from the Son of Eri.

Dude. Let me son (school) you


IGALA COLONISATION OF NORTHERN IGBO STATES* (1450–18th century).

IGALA COLONISATION OF NORTHERN IGBO STATES* (1450–18th century). Michael Achile Umameh The Igala mega state attained the height of its fame during the mid-17th century. The rise of the Igala mega state disrupted and contributed to the shift of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade from the Bight of Benin to the Bight of Biafra and the decline of the Benin Empire between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The Idah-Benin war (1515-1516) was a war of mutual independence. The Igala state reached its political and commercial supremacy afterwards, when it became a leading exporter of choral beads, horses, medicine, skills and of course, slaves to the coastal region. Its growing power, nevertheless, changed the dynamics of the earlier complex relationships with several northern Igbo communities. Joseph Hawkins in 1797 already captured the relentless raiding of the extreme northern Igboland by the Igalas. In his “A History of a Voyage to the Coast of Africa” he noted the growing conflicts between the 'Ebo Country' and 'Galla'. By the late 17th century, the Igalas conquered and held socio-economic, political and religious control of the indigenous northern Igbo mini-states. From Opi, Nsukka, Nsugbe, several Igbo communities on the Anambra river, the lower Niger, through Okpanam to Asaba the Igala held sway. Trading out post with Onitsha and the Ijo middlemen were fully established. The mythical Omeppa, Inenyi Ogugu set up garrison at Opi and several Igala warlords played their part in the build up of the Igala colonial take over of these northern Igbo states. But no other individual played a greater role in shaping Igala-Igbo colonisation during the 18th century than Onoja Oboni, the legendary Igala warrior and slave trader. Onoja Oboni’s personality and heritage has been shrouded in mythical imagery over time. Ranging from being the Son of Eri, the grandson of Aganapoje to being a descendant of one of the Idah royal families; the priestly sub-clan of Obajeadaka in Okete-ochai-attah. The key areas of consensus are; he was a master strategist, slave raider and trader, conqueror, coloniser and imperialist. Added to these were his diplomacy, expansionist traits and the acculturation of conquered territories. He built himself a walled city in Ogurugu and recent archaeological findings of the remnant of the ruins of his fort on the grounds of the University of Nsukka confirm this. The Igala soldiers built forts and fortifications that stretched from Ete down to Opi and then to Anambra. Oboni’s rise to power affected the history of the North-western Nsukka and the Igbo communities on the Anambra River and the Lower Niger during the Igala commercial and socio-cultural ascendancy and domination. This was the reinforcing of the golden age of Igala imperial expansion. In this way, Igala mega state took control and allegiance were paid. Until the decline of Igala power, the Ezes of Enugu Ezike, Akpugo, Nkpologu, Ibagwa Ani and Opi continued to receive their titles from Idah; investiture, installation and confirmation of their office was only by the royal blessing of Attah Igala in Idah. The Eze were only validated when the returned home with Igala choral beads ‘aka’, staff of office believed to be imbued with protective charms to ensure longevity and security of the Eze as well as prestige animal (horse) to bolster up their ego. There were also periodic royal visits to the Atta Igala to pay tributes and as well intended to strengthen diplomatic ties and inter-group relations, renew allegiance, and assured insurance from slave raids.

In terms of indigenous technologies, the Igala soldiers built factories (forges) for manufacturing Dane-guns, ironworks, carving, introduced arrowheads with tip-poison from sting ray; cloth knitting, terracing of Nsukka hillsides and brought in a well developed political and social hierarchies. At this time Igala empire had become a cultural exchange hub for other merging states; the influence was felt as far north as the Nok civilisation and down east to Igbo-Ukwu civilisation. Till date many of the Igala-Nsukka borderland remain bilingual. On the religious level, the Igala installed their own priests- the Attama- as the custodian of the dangerous ‘alusi’ shrine, took control as mediators between the spirit and the Igbo communities, presided over divinations and fashioned ‘Ikenga’, ‘Okwute’ (ritual staffs) that combined both Igala and Igbo religious elements. The Attama thus became the major agents of Igala socio-cultural control. Several efforts to keep the Attama lineage Igala failed, eventually the priestly office have been greatly igbonized, even though the nominal Igala identification is still predominant. Many of the northern Igbo state settlements have lineages with Igala names, cultural practices with marked Igala modification and adaptations. The use of Igala circular basket in contrast to the Igbo rectangular types persists till this day. By the turn of the 19th century, the Igala empire was too large for any reliable and robust central control. Internal decay and implosion set in. The Fulani jihadists started contracting the Igala imperial power, conquered territories in the north switched tributes, forced or/and seceded from the Igala empire. The Bassa war added more pressure to the war-weary empire. The abolition of slave trade brought in untold economic recession. In 1914 the British burnt down Ibagwa and Obukpa as a punitive measure. By the 1920s, Igala empire was a spent force and a limping shadow, the British easily took over control of both Nsukka and the Igala territories.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319687582_IGALA_COLONISATION_OF_NORTHERN_IGBO_STATES_1450-18th_century/link/59b980e5aca27241618d6923/download

As soon as I read that Igala's were exporting horses from Tse-Tse fly infested river valleys, on the fringe of a tropical rain forest, I stopped reading.

"Fallacies of a Son of the People of Deceit"
Y-a-r-iba


Incase you do not know, Igbo's do not keep kings. So all these your cooked up stories of Igbo kings paying tribute to Igala happened in your dream.

kayfra:


Dude. Let me son (school) you


IGALA COLONISATION OF NORTHERN IGBO STATES* (1450–18th century).

IGALA COLONISATION OF NORTHERN IGBO STATES* (1450–18th century). Michael Achile Umameh The Igala mega state attained the height of its fame during the mid-17th century. The rise of the Igala mega state disrupted and contributed to the shift of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade from the Bight of Benin to the Bight of Biafra and the decline of the Benin Empire between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The Idah-Benin war (1515-1516) was a war of mutual independence. The Igala state reached its political and commercial supremacy afterwards, when it became a leading exporter of choral beads, horses, medicine, skills and of course, slaves to the coastal region. Its growing power, nevertheless, changed the dynamics of the earlier complex relationships with several northern Igbo communities. Joseph Hawkins in 1797 already captured the relentless raiding of the extreme northern Igboland by the Igalas. In his “A History of a Voyage to the Coast of Africa” he noted the growing conflicts between the 'Ebo Country' and 'Galla'. By the late 17th century, the Igalas conquered and held socio-economic, political and religious control of the indigenous northern Igbo mini-states. From Opi, Nsukka, Nsugbe, several Igbo communities on the Anambra river, the lower Niger, through Okpanam to Asaba the Igala held sway. Trading out post with Onitsha and the Ijo middlemen were fully established. The mythical Omeppa, Inenyi Ogugu set up garrison at Opi and several Igala warlords played their part in the build up of the Igala colonial take over of these northern Igbo states. But no other individual played a greater role in shaping Igala-Igbo colonisation during the 18th century than Onoja Oboni, the legendary Igala warrior and slave trader. Onoja Oboni’s personality and heritage has been shrouded in mythical imagery over time. Ranging from being the Son of Eri, the grandson of Aganapoje to being a descendant of one of the Idah royal families; the priestly sub-clan of Obajeadaka in Okete-ochai-attah. The key areas of consensus are; he was a master strategist, slave raider and trader, conqueror, coloniser and imperialist. Added to these were his diplomacy, expansionist traits and the acculturation of conquered territories. He built himself a walled city in Ogurugu and recent archaeological findings of the remnant of the ruins of his fort on the grounds of the University of Nsukka confirm this. The Igala soldiers built forts and fortifications that stretched from Ete down to Opi and then to Anambra. Oboni’s rise to power affected the history of the North-western Nsukka and the Igbo communities on the Anambra River and the Lower Niger during the Igala commercial and socio-cultural ascendancy and domination. This was the reinforcing of the golden age of Igala imperial expansion. In this way, Igala mega state took control and allegiance were paid. Until the decline of Igala power, the Ezes of Enugu Ezike, Akpugo, Nkpologu, Ibagwa Ani and Opi continued to receive their titles from Idah; investiture, installation and confirmation of their office was only by the royal blessing of Attah Igala in Idah. The Eze were only validated when the returned home with Igala choral beads ‘aka’, staff of office believed to be imbued with protective charms to ensure longevity and security of the Eze as well as prestige animal (horse) to bolster up their ego. There were also periodic royal visits to the Atta Igala to pay tributes and as well intended to strengthen diplomatic ties and inter-group relations, renew allegiance, and assured insurance from slave raids.

In terms of indigenous technologies, the Igala soldiers built factories (forges) for manufacturing Dane-guns, ironworks, carving, introduced arrowheads with tip-poison from sting ray; cloth knitting, terracing of Nsukka hillsides and brought in a well developed political and social hierarchies. At this time Igala empire had become a cultural exchange hub for other merging states; the influence was felt as far north as the Nok civilisation and down east to Igbo-Ukwu civilisation. Till date many of the Igala-Nsukka borderland remain bilingual. On the religious level, the Igala installed their own priests- the Attama- as the custodian of the dangerous ‘alusi’ shrine, took control as mediators between the spirit and the Igbo communities, presided over divinations and fashioned ‘Ikenga’, ‘Okwute’ (ritual staffs) that combined both Igala and Igbo religious elements. The Attama thus became the major agents of Igala socio-cultural control. Several efforts to keep the Attama lineage Igala failed, eventually the priestly office have been greatly igbonized, even though the nominal Igala identification is still predominant. Many of the northern Igbo state settlements have lineages with Igala names, cultural practices with marked Igala modification and adaptations. The use of Igala circular basket in contrast to the Igbo rectangular types persists till this day. By the turn of the 19th century, the Igala empire was too large for any reliable and robust central control. Internal decay and implosion set in. The Fulani jihadists started contracting the Igala imperial power, conquered territories in the north switched tributes, forced or/and seceded from the Igala empire. The Bassa war added more pressure to the war-weary empire. The abolition of slave trade brought in untold economic recession. In 1914 the British burnt down Ibagwa and Obukpa as a punitive measure. By the 1920s, Igala empire was a spent force and a limping shadow, the British easily took over control of both Nsukka and the Igala territories.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319687582_IGALA_COLONISATION_OF_NORTHERN_IGBO_STATES_1450-18th_century/link/59b980e5aca27241618d6923/download

GerogeI:
As soon as I read that Igala's were exporting horses from Tse-Tse fly infested river valleys, on the fringe of a tropical rain forest, I stopped reading.

"Fallacies of a Son of the People of Deceit"
Y-a-r-iba

Is that your best defense?

You can see that I come prepared with facts

Don't ever mess with omoluabis

kayfra:


Is that your best defense?

You can see that I come prepared with facts

Don't ever mess with omoluabis

No need to defend from this one. It does not exist.

Omoluabis and deceitfulness are like 5&6

The whole write up is filled with inconsistencies with well established historical facts.

Tse-Tse fly did not allow horses or even cows to roam below the Benue valley. Only the short igbo cow that is immune was kept as large livestock

All Igbo kings except Onitsha and Arochukwu, were creations of the British. So who exactly paid tributes to Igalas to retain which throne?

GerogeI:


No need to defend from this one. It does not exist.

Omoluabis and deceitfulness are like 5&6

The whole write up is filled with inconsistencies with well established historical facts.

Tse-Tse fly did not allow horses or even cows to roam below the Benue valley. Only the short igbo cow that is immune was kept as large livestock

All Igbo kings except Onitsha and Arochukwu, were creations of the British. So who exactly paid tributes to Igalas to retain which throne?

I recognize the feeling of helplessness

The weak decentralized hamlets had no choice but to pay taxes to the mighty Igalas, a cousin of the Yorubas

Historical facts are stubborn

Ritchiee:


Fulani conquered all Hausa cities and hamlets but took Hausa as language because of population so also did the Igalas.


Igalas are not Igbos because they are not slaves but slave masters to Igbos/slaves.

NRI= IGALA
Unfortunately, Igbos are claiming NRI as their origin now.Slave mentality at its peak.

Igala=Nri?
Funny you
From the document quoted, the assimilated people are the slaves right?

Gabkosh:
Osu slave, don't get too emotional. Abobaku was a title in oyo ile then, not in all Yoruba. Just as other yorubas have their titles as well. It is not forced on people, even people fight for it and are proud of it.

Unlike Osu, where a whole race is seen as less human and use as sacrifice to the useless gods.

Osu cannot marry freeborn. Shame on you and your race.

You are a shame cos you talk about sth you know not.
Osu are not slaves but a sacred people separated for the service of the gods, never as less humans but untouchable people.
Osu isn't forced on anyone but a choice except for their generations.
Osus are not sacrificed like burnt or killed for the gods but their lives are dedicated to the service of the gods. They live their normal lives and seen as untouchables cos people believe the gods will fight anyone that hurts them as they are seen as the properties of the gods.
Albeit, abobaku is a death-destined caste unlike the Osus whom are allowed everything but excommunicated cos of fear by the masses.
Abobakus are heartlessly buried alive.
Oga, dont go there

Gabkosh:
Some claim they are Benin slave, some claimed they are diomey slave. Is this how igbo race is so confused?.

In 2020, you people still finding it hard to know your root, you keep attaching to Israel that keep rejecting you. You people that lived with money after in run away from igala people that colonized you.

Better go find your history,

Igbo are destined to be slaves that why they are still slave in the country till date.

Please what is your own history?
You're the descendants of "an angel that fell from heaven"?
How does that sound to you?
By the way the only record of fallen angels is in the bible and they were bad angels.
Better keep quiet and find your history too

kayfra:


I recognize the feeling of helplessness

The weak decentralized hamlets had no choice but to pay taxes to the mighty Igalas, a cousin of the Yorubas

Historical facts are stubborn

How exactly did the payment occur clown.Even the British with their guns spent decades trying to enforce taxes, talk less of the last born that was cast to the north.

So Igalas and Ya-r-i-bas are now cousins, are they both deceitful people?

it seems we Igbo's are mystery to people of the world

GerogeI:


How exactly did the payment occur clown.Even the British with their guns spent decades trying to enforce taxes, talk less of the last born that was cast to the north.

So Igalas and Ya-r-i-bas are now cousins, are they both deceitful people?

Slavery and indentured servitude

kayfra:


Slavery and indentured servitude

Even people in faraway Kenya will tell you that’s a lie.
Igbos are proud and serve no one.
Our current restriction to be part of Nigeria is by British guns and cunning.

GerogeI:


Even people in faraway Kenya will tell you that’s a lie.
Igbos are proud and serve no one.
Our current restriction to be part of Nigeria is by British guns and cunning.

You literally just got a unified ethnic identity in the 20th century

Refer to all the historical accounts. It was all about clans

Cherez:

You are a shame cos you talk about sth you know not.
Osu are not slaves but a sacred people separated for the service of the gods, never as less humans but untouchable people.
Osu isn't forced on anyone but a choice except for their generations.
Osus are not sacrificed like burnt or killed for the gods but their lives are dedicated to the service of the gods. They live their normal lives and seen as untouchables cos people believe the gods will fight anyone that hurts them as they are seen as the properties of the gods.
Albeit, abobaku is a death-destined caste unlike the Osus whom are allowed everything but excommunicated cos of fear by the masses.
Abobakus are heartlessly buried alive.
Oga, dont go there

Really? Tell me something else. This one must be 2004 set of babies o.

GerogeI:

[img][/img]

Olodo, Argue with Google.

Hian, see mumu. So in 2020, you are still this stupid. So google translate now tells you the meaning of words in your language.

Is it not the same google that translate your race as bush

Gabkosh:
Hian, see mumu. So in 2020, you are still this stupid. So google translate now tells you the meaning of words in your language.

Is it not the same google that translate your race as bush

Ever heard of intonations. In addition-
In Igbo we have two “o”vowels “o” and “or”
You were writing in English and asking google to translate from Igbo.

Theses are what you are translating
Rewriting the spelling in English alphabets properly with / for ascending intonation and \ for descending intonation- for flat intonation
Igbo- = noun means herbs and leaves for livestock grazing hence translates to bush
Igbor/ = verb means to vomit
Igbo\ = ethnic name of Igbos ( note the falling tone)

Igbo words are not just spelt by letter but by intonation as well, another example
Akwa/ = means egg
Akwa- = means bed
Akwa\ = means cry



So bros, you are the person who is ignorant and confused, not google, google gave you the meaning of what you wrote assuming flat intonation as you did not include any intonation marks. And even gave you suggestions of similar words based on the alternate vowel to o


Google translate is truly your friend. In case you want to write properly in Igbo language for translation note the following


For you future benefit there are 8 vowels in Igbo language, not just the 5 in English.
a, e, i, ih, o, or, u, ur, but these are just the translating English alphabets
They are rather written in proper Igbo as ( note the dots under distinguishing the letters)
a, e, i, ị, o, ọ, u, ụ

Writing properly in Igbo means using both the proper vowels and intonation marks above the vowels à= falling tone á= rising tone a= flat tone. What I used in teaching you before are not the right intonation marks, these are.

Gabkosh:
Oga, if igbo means people, what does Ndi means then. Stop fooling yourself, igbo means slave. That is the fact.

one word means same things in different contexts with some having deeper meanings and more diverse use.

since you are the expert, tell me what "onye" means too?

do you know what igboanugo means?,...that means the slave has heard your cries/plea?

dont dabble into what you dont know

Gabkosh:
Really? Tell me something else. This one must be 2004 set of babies o.

Sorry, if you quote wikipedia as a source.
Bros, I have explained what Osu is to you and the only difference between mine & wikipedia is "less human" but using your basic reason, do people dedicated to the service of deities seem like less humans to you?
Osus are feared beings cos once you wrong them, it is believed the gods will strike asap so people stay away from them
Now tell us about Abobaku whom is destined to die

[s]

Cherez:

Sorry, if you quote wikipedia as a source.
Bros, I have explained what Osu is to you and the only difference between mine & wikipedia is "less human" but using your basic reason, do people dedicated to the service of deities seem like less humans to you?
Osus are feared beings cos once you wrong them, it is believed the gods will strike asap so people stay away from them
Now tell us about Abobaku whom is destined to die

[/s]Sharap, osu is an outcast that is banned from having anything to do in the community. You can't rewrite history we know.

Just of recent was anambra govt try to abolish it in anambra, saying it is barbaric act to segregate some group of igbo as less human. Wikipedia will not write bad thing if it is not so. Go and read your chinua Achebe's no longer at ease book. No amount of twisting can change the already known fact kiddo. You are osu, a sacrifice material

Service of dirty indeed. Service of dirty is different and far from being osu. Osu is a less human, dedicated as sacrifice to the useless gods. Osus are sacrifice materials that can't have anything to do with free borns.

rigarmortis:


one word means same things in different contexts with some having deeper meanings and more diverse use.

since you are the expert, tell me what "onye" means too?

do you know what igboanugo means?,...that means the slave has heard your cries/plea?

dont dabble into what you dont know

Oga, sharap, igbo means slaves, bushes, cannabis.

Gabkosh:
[s][/s]Sharap, osu is an outcast that is banned from having anything to do in the community. You can't rewrite history we know.

Just of recent was anambra govt try to abolish it in anambra, saying it is barbaric act to segregate some group of igbo as less human. Wikipedia will not write bad thing if it is not so. Go and read your chinua Achebe's no longer at ease book. No amount of twisting can change the already known fact kiddo. You are osu, a sacrifice material

Service of dirty indeed. Service of dirty is different and far from being osu. Osu is a less human, dedicated as sacrifice to the useless gods. Osus are sacrifice materials that can't have anything to do with free borns.

See finishing. Let that kid be deceiving himself bro

Any write up on Igbo people that spells Igbo as "Ibo" is largely meant for the dust bin. Why? Because obviously, it must have been written a h an incompetent, lazy and lousy fellow who doesn't want to take the pains to spell it correctly....then what else do you think that he/she got correctly??...

kayfra:
Journal of The Anthropological Institute Of Great Britain And Ireland Vol.47 1917

Some Ibo Burial Customs by N. W. Thomas

The Ibo-speaking peoples, with a portion of whom this paper deals, occupy a small area on the west bank of the lower Niger, and a much larger area on the east bank, extending as far as the Cross River from the Ibibio boundary northwards, and, at their most easterly point, beyond the northernmost point of the bight of the Cross River.

The Ibo speak a great variety of dialects, and the Eastern branches are almost unintelligible to the Western groups.

Even such close neighbours as Asaba and Onitsha, only three miles apart on the banks of the Niger, differed, until recently, somewhat widely in language.

The main Ibo area is, especially on the south and east, more or less surrounded by a fringe of aberrant dialects, which seem to have resulted from an incomplete assimilation of an alien population by Ibo-speaking conquerors, or, at any rate, a very imperfect acquisition of what might be called standard Ibo ; or we may, on the other hand, regard these dialects (e.g., Okugba, Biko, Ezza as allied to the older wave of immigration that resulted in Efik, Ibibio, Kana and Ebiobolo.

Generally speaking the main Ibo dialects east of the Niger seem to run strip-wise from north to south, and this, no less than the aberrant character of the southern or south-eastern dialects, suggests that the Ibo migration came from the north.

In this connection it is noteworthy that Abua and Akunakuna, two closely related dialects, have clearly been cleft asunder by the Ibo stream and now lie, one north-west of Degema, the other east of the Cross River.

It is worthy of notice that the word Ibo (Ibo) means slave ; this suggests that there was no migration in mass, driving alien populations before it ; but that a conquering people imposed its language on subject populations.

This would afford a sufficient explanation of the character of the language of outlying areas, as well as of the great number of dialects which form a strong contrast to the homogeneity of the Yoruba area.

It is not without interest that the town of Nri, or Aguku, which claims the right of inducting Chiefs and doing other ceremonial work as far as Asaba, at least, on the west, and, probably, over an equally wide area in other directions, also speaks of the people of the surrounding area as Ibo, and themselves claim the name of Nri.

This fits in well with the supposition that they are an island of the original Ibo-speaking conquering race, which is now swallowed up in the mass of the population everywhere else.

As regards the areas with which this paper deals, the districts of Awka and Asaba, the former includes the town of Aguku, just mentioned ; generally speaking, there are few traditions of origin among them.

In Asaba, on the other hand, each town has its tradition of a founder or a record of migration, so that the diversity of custom is easier to understand.

Generally speaking, Asaba, Ibuzo and Okpanam form a closely associated group, as far as general customs go.

Some data for the other towns and for the Awka district will be found elsewhere, together with maps showing the localities, which are enumerated below, for each district.

Asaba was founded by Nevise, according to tradition, who came from Nteje on the east of the Niger perhaps some four hundred years ago.


http://jstor.org/stable/2843415

GerogeI:


Ever heard of intonations. In addition-
In Igbo we have two “o”vowels “o” and “or”
You were writing in English and asking google to translate from Igbo.

Theses are what you are translating
Rewriting the spelling in English alphabets properly with / for ascending intonation and \ for descending intonation- for flat intonation
Igbo- = noun means herbs and leaves for livestock grazing hence translates to bush
Igbor/ = verb means to vomit
Igbo\ = ethnic name of Igbos ( note the falling tone)

Igbo words are not just spelt by letter but by intonation as well, another example
Akwa/ = means egg
Akwa- = means bed
Akwa\ = means cry



So bros, you are the person who is ignorant and confused, not google, google gave you the meaning of what you wrote assuming flat intonation as you did not include any intonation marks. And even gave you suggestions of similar words based on the alternate vowel to o


Google translate is truly your friend. In case you want to write properly in Igbo language for translation note the following


For you future benefit there are 8 vowels in Igbo language, not just the 5 in English.
a, e, i, ih, o, or, u, ur, but these are just the translating English alphabets
They are rather written in proper Igbo as ( note the dots under distinguishing the letters)
a, e, i, ị, o, ọ, u, ụ

Writing properly in Igbo means using both the proper vowels and intonation marks above the vowels à= falling tone á= rising tone a= flat tone. What I used in teaching you before are not the right intonation marks, these are.

Your epistle is smelling. You were the one that used google translate and I helped you with it. So your parambulating no get any meaning to me. Igbo means slave. That is the fact. Igala colonized una.

Gabkosh:
Oga, sharap, igbo means slaves, bushes, cannabis.

ok

Gabkosh:
[s][/s]Sharap, osu is an outcast that is banned from having anything to do in the community. You can't rewrite history we know.

Just of recent was anambra govt try to abolish it in anambra, saying it is barbaric act to segregate some group of igbo as less human. Wikipedia will not write bad thing if it is not so. Go and read your chinua Achebe's no longer at ease book. No amount of twisting can change the already known fact kiddo. You are osu, a sacrifice material

Service of dirty indeed. Service of dirty is different and far from being osu. Osu is a less human, dedicated as sacrifice to the useless gods. Osus are sacrifice materials that can't have anything to do with free borns.

You know nothing about Osu
Your drive is just to spite. Osu are untouchables and dedicated to the services of the yes useless gods but never subhumans.
Oga, tell us about Abobaku.
How can you know so much about Osu you never practised than the Abobaku you practised?

Cherez:

You know nothing about Osu
Your drive is just to spite. Osu are untouchables and dedicated to the services of the yes useless gods but never subhumans.
Oga, tell us about Abobaku.
How can you know so much about Osu you never practised than the Abobaku you practised?

I keep giving you fact with backing. You keep shouting I know nothing about it. I can see you are an osu and not part of free born igbos. Hence, your reason for defending and twisting a known fact. Go and tell Achebe in his grave that he is lying or he doesn't know anything about osu since you know more than him.

Fact is, osu is a confirmed less human, less igbos and are not allowed to have anything to do with freeborns.

I have told you about Abobaku as a title. If you have any proof to discredit my claim as I have done to you. Bring it here. Abobaku is an influential person who is proud of his title. He does everything the king does. He drives same car as king, goes to functions as the king, eats same food as the king and dies with the king.

Unlike Osu, less human for sacrifice. No wonder none of you don't want to associate with Osus even though most of you are osu.

Why do you think Archeological excarvation must be done by Government?


Archeological societies, Departments of Archeology in many Universities and even private citizens like you can dig up those places.

Shiver99:
Op’s post while somewhat inaccurate and rather speculative, hits home on why Northern igboland, especially Anambra, Enugu should be excavated as a matter of urgency. There is evidence of an ancient civilisation that according to historians that could date back to 3000bc, where the north-south migration would have began.

It speaks to the corruption and lackadaisical attitude of Nigeria, that one of the oldest iron smelting sites in the world was found in south east Nigeria and no intense follow-up archaeology work was done.

Fortunately, In Biafra, more work will be done to uncover Igbo history, but I really wish Igbo development unions take it more seriously.