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Re: The Great Songhai Empire by SmoothCrim: 1:22am On Jul 24, 2012 |
![]() I'm getting happy!!!!! |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by SmoothCrim: 1:23am On Jul 24, 2012 |
onila: Fraternity!!!!!! |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by Nobody: 1:28am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim:that's really looks like Cameroonian gold ![]() ![]() |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by SmoothCrim: 1:28am On Jul 24, 2012 |
CAMEROONPRIDE: how come you don't want to die for the freedom of Africa......it's the same in Cameroon no one want to die over an oil company .....after all it's only a natural resource ....we complain because we are exploited without any solutions to our minimal problems(health,education,food etc) if cameroon had it i wouldn't care about who pumps my oil ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() That is why you don't belong in West Africa!! |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by SmoothCrim: 1:28am On Jul 24, 2012 |
CAMEROONPRIDE: that's really looks like Cameroonian gold ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by odumchi: 1:29am On Jul 24, 2012 |
CAMEROONPRIDE: what do you mean by arabia? the modernn one as we know it now or a kingdom etc... be more precise .please The afformentioned Arabs were of the Umayyad Caliphate which originated in Mecca, Arabia (the land mass). |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by onila(f): 1:30am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim: Since no one answered my question, Nubia means GOLD! and also ivory coast! |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by SmoothCrim: 1:31am On Jul 24, 2012 |
GIVE ME GIVE ME! Ancient West Africa!!! |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by PhysicsQED(m): 1:31am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim: Gold is just one commodity. It may be extra special in some cultures because of what they could get from non-Africans for it, but to others it was not the "essence" of anything. The entire continent of Africa did not have gold in copious amounts, so this is really a weak argument for defining what the essence of ancient African cultures was. "As trading links with the north expanded, so did the demand for ivory. The Crusades stimulated European interest in gold and ivory, particularly the soft ivory of Africa. Ivory exports from the central Sudan were apparently maintained: Leo told of the ruler of Gaoga giving an Egyptian trader one hundred wonderfully large tusks. Legends abound concerning gold, and Ghana was known as the land of gold well before the year 1000. But this strange, gilded garden lay always to the west of our area. The central Sudan boasted of no comparable mineral wealth, though it was reported that the Kwararafa possessed a gold mine. Some gold went north from Bornu - we are told of several instances in the seventeenth century - but it was described in terms of curiosity, such as a gilt saddle, or a golden tortoise, rather than of bulk. Regalia and ornaments - such as the maces of the chief praise-singers of the mai, horse-trappings, decorations for the head - tended to be of silver rather than gold." - Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3: From c. 1050 to c. 1600 "While gold was in short supply, copper, relatively abundant in the central Sahara, to some extent took its place. Hornemann, indeed, about 1800 remarked that copper was for Bornu what gold was for Timbuktu and Hausaland. Copper has a long history as a metal of special esteem in black Africa. Probably as early as the mid tenth century, it was reported in Muslim Spain that in black Africa gold and copper were exchanged weight for weight. Varieties of copper were generally recognized, and that of a dark rich red colour was particularly prized. This may well be the origin of the 'living gold' which the So are said to have introduced into the central Sudan, a luminous metal of mysterious qualities, surrounded by myth. In the early eighteenth century, Labat reported stories on the west coast of Africa of unusual red copper, a ring of which would give light equal to that of two candles. Strange properties continued to be associated with copper, and the practice of wearing a red copper ring for protection against jinns was one of many pagan accretions later condemned by Muslim reformers in Hausaland. The early and widespread use of copper among the So is revealed by the many bronze ornaments, and the waste and remains of forges, which survive among other archaeological artifacts; in contrast, no gold ornament has been found. Tradition among the Kotoko, however, the most likely modern descendants of the So, is explicit that the Kotoko themselves have never worked in metal, this being the skill of foreigners. The earliest reference to copper currency in the central Sudan comes from the fourteenth century, when al-Maqrlzi reported that cloth, cowries, and pieces of gold or copper valued in cloth, were all circulating in the region. A copper weight, the ratl, long continued as a principal form of currency in Bornu, and even when it ceased to circulate it continued as a standard accounting device." - Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3: From c. 1050 to c. 1600 [Note: the "So" referenced above are the Sao.] I know you're just trolling, and only semi-serious, but this gold argument isn't something sensible enough to be even half serious about. |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by SmoothCrim: 1:31am On Jul 24, 2012 |
onila: Yes yes!! |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by Nobody: 1:32am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim: A car befitting an Ancient West African!!@onila they see us rolling they hating ...they want us to stop dating ....but my music so loud we don't care ...tell them to stop hating tell them to stop hating because they can't compete...,,,come take a ride ... |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by SmoothCrim: 1:37am On Jul 24, 2012 |
We are talking about West Africa! Not central!!! GOLD Gold GOLD!!! |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by onila(f): 1:38am On Jul 24, 2012 |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by Nobody: 1:39am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim: We are talking about West Africa! Not central!!! GOLD Gold GOLD!!!such terms didn't exist 60 years ago ..... |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by Nobody: 1:39am On Jul 24, 2012 |
onila:he's jealous ![]() ![]() |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by SmoothCrim: 1:40am On Jul 24, 2012 |
http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/1/IV/416.extract GOLD!!!!!\ written in 1902!! Some of the facts are wrong but, one this is indisputable. GOLD GOLD GOLD!! |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by SmoothCrim: 1:41am On Jul 24, 2012 |
CAMEROONPRIDE: such terms didn't exist 60 years ago .....but, the barrier has always been there... |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by Nobody: 1:42am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim: http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/1/IV/416.extractsorry i can't read too small |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by Nobody: 1:43am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim: but, the barrier has always been there...which one? ![]() |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by PhysicsQED(m): 1:43am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim: We are talking about West Africa! Not central!!! GOLD Gold GOLD!!! Some places thrived with gold and some places in Africa thrived with copper and variations on copper such as brass and bronze. It makes no sense to insist that a place should have been trading heavily in gold when they didn't have it significant amounts in their area. Anyway, copper was considered very important in ancient African cultures, so point made. |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by SmoothCrim: 1:44am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim: http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/1/IV/416.extract Use the zoom function!!! Some of the facts are wrong though... because it from 1902 but, the essence is correct!! ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by PhysicsQED(m): 1:44am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim: http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/1/IV/416.extract Already came across it. It only reinforces my point. Gold was in copious amounts only in certain parts of the continent. |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by SmoothCrim: 1:44am On Jul 24, 2012 |
PhysicsQED: Not even 10 percent as important as GOLD GOLD GOLD!!!! |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by Nobody: 1:47am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim:i did and your link do not prove your point ....we all know the ghana empire was a great empire but that does not make the others were powerless |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by PhysicsQED(m): 1:48am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim: lol, whatever. You sound like a shill for Goldline International. 1 Like |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by Nobody: 1:48am On Jul 24, 2012 |
SmoothCrim:and how do you know that? how can you give an so exact percentage? |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by onila(f): 1:48am On Jul 24, 2012 |
TerryCarr: french Africa worships France a little too much I hrd they discriminate the english speaking cameroonians in cameroon I dont blame them southern cameroonians english accent is kinda funny and their men are really short and dont have that french accent and swag that francophone cameroonians have ![]() |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by Nobody: 1:48am On Jul 24, 2012 |
PhysicsQED This is what their warship looks like: ![]() |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by Nobody: 1:48am On Jul 24, 2012 |
PhysicsQED:ahhahaah i'm laughing |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by Nobody: 1:51am On Jul 24, 2012 |
Walls of Benin Empire 15th Century ![]() |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by SmoothCrim: 1:52am On Jul 24, 2012 |
shymmex: PhysicsQED ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Don't fall down barbarians!!! |
Re: The Great Songhai Empire by PhysicsMHD(m): 1:54am On Jul 24, 2012 |
shymmex: PhysicsQED The image filename says that this is an image of a Bagandan war canoe. I don't think it's from Songhai. Could you provide the source of this image? shymmex: Walls of Benin Empire 15th Century lol, that's a totally different place in Africa. It's not a drawing of Benin. I've seen the image before but I can't remember the exact place it's from right now. |
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