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Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Culture / The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins (25513 Views)
Why Onitsha Is Not An Igboland, It Belongs To Benins / Benins Are The Owners Of Ogboni Confraternity and olokun worship / Benins Were The First Educated Nigerians. Dr Okafor (2) (3) (4)
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Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by gregyboy(m): 7:04pm On Aug 03, 2021 |
[quote author=Christistruth00 post=104389667][/quote] 4 Likes 4 Shares
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Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by samuk: 8:13pm On Aug 03, 2021 |
Christistruth00: I am not sure you comprehend my reply to you. I challenged any one of you to present evidence of Benin having brotherly relationship with Yoruba before 1890, you are submitting 1937 and 1968 fabrications. The nature of Benin relationship with Yoruba before the fall of Benin in 1897 was purely that of coloniser, Benin simply colonised Yoruba land. The stories of Benin being related to Yoruba started after 1890. Go back and provide evidences earlier than 1890 or wait for your sister and let see what lies she comes up with this time. 4 Likes 4 Shares |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by Christistruth00: 8:19pm On Aug 03, 2021 |
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Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by gregyboy(m): 8:24pm On Aug 03, 2021 |
[quote author=Christistruth00 post=104396763][/quote] To the future generation reading this, That is a colonial arrangement it wasnt done by reality before colonization the sitting arrangement was done by favouritsm and population If it was done on historical ground only the oba of benin would be sitting with prince Philip 1 Like 1 Share |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by Christistruth00: 8:34pm On Aug 03, 2021 |
samuk: It was the Ooni of Ife that had to approve the selection of the Oba of Benin and all Yoruba Obas even till today. All beaded Crowned Obas are descendants of and are authorised by the Ooni of Ife. The Oba of Benin wears a beaded Crown from Ile Ife. 2 Likes 1 Share |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by samuk: 9:45pm On Aug 03, 2021 |
gregyboy: Apart from the Oba of Benin, every other traditional rulers in that photo was selected, sometimes by politicians. The only one that is born king is the Oba of Benin. You are right, the sitting arrangements was purely political. When the British arrived Yoruba land in 1824, they met the Alaafin on ground as the leader of Yoruba people but the Alaafin wasn't even in that photo. The Ooni is a political Oba. 5 Likes 4 Shares |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by samuk: 9:50pm On Aug 03, 2021 |
"The kingdom of Benin was so powerful that the Alafin of Oyo, the head of the Yoruba people, told a British governor that even his predecessors had to pay tribute to its king." - Asibong Akpan Okon, The evolution of self-government of Nigeria (1955), p. 36 Asibong Okon was referring to this "This Kingdom of Benin was at one time so powerful that the Alafin of Oyo, the head of the Yoruba people, told me that even his predecessors had to pay tribute to its King." - United Empire, Volume 2 (1911), p. 620 The Ooni was politically elevated above the Alaafin after 1824. 4 Likes 4 Shares |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by christistruth01: 10:33pm On Aug 03, 2021 |
samuk: Cc TAO From Sir Alfred Moloney British Colonial Governor of Lagos 1890
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Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by Olu317(m): 11:13pm On Aug 03, 2021 |
samuk: Yet Bini king has a Yoruba panegyric ?¿ . You must be a real joke. After the demise of every Oba Bini, the chosen prince visits Ileife to confirm his acceptance as the Heir to his ancestors throne. Yoruba introduced her ifaodu to you so that, Yoruba language were learned of by your ancestors. The Yoruba Ifaodu which is more than religious angle,since it comprises God's doctrine, philosophy, alchemy, geography, agriculture science , history etc. And you still boast ![]() You came up with fallacious information which has been debunked with various evidence from researchers from within and Western world. Intentionally Yorubas taught your ancestors sculpture manufacturing so as to keep record of her descendants in your enclave as evidence of Yorubas overlord over Edoland Yoruba taught your ancestors bead production. Yorubas were the first to ride horses in Edo during Oranmiyan's time It's forever a fact that Yoruba taught your ancestors a different civilization that improve your ways of lives. Instead to accept your fate, as a people whom Yoruba Race stumbled up on by mere chance, you edowarriors turn Oduduwa as your Igoso ewodo's son ,called Ekerledan ![]() Meanwhile Ekerledan was known in Ughoton as its founder but to you e-edowariors claimed he ressurected at Ileife ![]() Funny, Ughoton aborigine attested to the fact that, the town was founded by Ekerledan and not oduduwa. His descendants are still in the place till tomorrow. So, stop peddling unfounded storyline likened to Romeo and Juliet . How was Ekerland not known amongst strong Yoruba ancient time,since you claim, Yoruba were your slave ? Are you not seeing that it was Yoruba fighting Yoruba due to a Yoruba's Oba bini's friend's interests ? Read Ikere's history to have knowledge of what happened in Ado versus Ikere's war between them. Unfortunately for Bini kangaroo approach makes her a weakly at every unplanned war prosecution. Afterall, whatever interest of hers ,never goes beyond few years or more after which she's eventually being chased out or assimilated back as Yoruba descendants ![]() Instance are there, some of you, who claim to have maternal bloodline to Yorubas are more comfortable to identify with Yoruba bloodline than even your partrilineal famiies . ![]() ![]() 3 Likes |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by TAO11(f): 11:44pm On Aug 03, 2021 |
Like I have noted twice earlier: Whenever Benin e-miscreants get humiliated on one subject, it is their modus operandi to quietly flee to another subject hoping to find consolation — only to further get humiliated again. This fact is playing out here with samuk-the laughing stock. Come along with me. ![]() samuk:Starting with the word “mYtH” which you often throw in whenever the going gets rough for you: Meaning 1: A traditional story, especially one about the early history of a people. Meaning 2: A fiction. So, whenever you find historians (from any part of the world) discussing the king Oduduwa, you should — going forward — quickly wake yourself up to the reality that historians don’t dwell on fictions. ![]() It is terrible enough that I had to break this down to a ‘likely adult’. As per your laughable claim that this is a FaBriCaTiOn without historical evidence; what people of dignity do whenever they make a claim is that they proceed to prove such claims they make. Do the same if you have an atom of dignity, and if you wish to be taken seriously by the readers. ![]() Benin/Ife history was concocted after the fall of Benin empire in 1897.CoNcOcTeD? LMAO ![]() Who prepared the supposed CoNcOcTiOn? And what proof have you that a CoNcOcTiOn was prepared? Again, if you have an atom of dignity and if you wish to be taken seriously by the readers, then proceed to adduce evidence for your claim of CoNcOcTiOn. There were no mention of Ife, Oduduwa and Oranmiyan in the eyewitness documented Benin history between 1400s to 1800s.This is not true. ![]() Eyewitness testimony/writings from the late-1400s & early-1500s which references the monarch of the Ife kingdom & his suzerainty over Benin kingdom exist. NB: Yes, there used to be a debate in academia in the 1970s/1980s (between the mainstream scholars on one hand; and one, two, or three others on another hand) over the identity of this suzerain. This debate was particularly on the usage of the word “east” in those early writings. In present time, however, there is no single academic historian who holds the notion that this suzerain (of the early writings) is other than the Ooni of Ife [i.e. Ọ̀ɣọ̀ni Ufẹ̀ in the Ife dialect of the Yoruba language]. The symbol ⟨ɣ⟩ being the voiced velar fricative with its consonant sound as in this audio sample. This conclusion is reinforced by the fact that no king, throughout the Guinea Forest of West Africa matches the specific sacral details given in those early writings, except the Ooni of Ife. In addition to this significant fact, the debate over the word “east” was subsequently quelled by the fact that from Atakpame (in present-day Togo) to the kingdom of Benin (in present-day Nigeria), from Èkó (next to the Atlantic Ocean) to Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé (not far from the Niger River) Ife is known by the interesting epithet: Ibi ojúmọ́ ti ń mọ́ wá — i.e. “the place from where the sun rises”. For some written references to the widespread usage of this epithet (in reference to Ife) among the natives of this region of West Africa, please refer to: (A) Rev. D. Hinderer, “Diary Impression,” June 4, 1851, Ibadan, C.M.S. (B) R. Horton (1979), p. 89., citing B. Maupoil (1943), A. Akinjogbin (1967:41-43), R. Smith (1969:31), as well as A. Obayemi (1976:206). This reverential (rather than literal) epithet of Ife informed the literalist Europeans’ writings whose source(s) are Benin spokespersons of their king. Hence the appearance of the word “east” in the early European writings in reference to the kingdom of the Ọ̀ɣọ̀ni (who is transliterated in the early writings as “Hooguanee”, “Ogané”, etc.). Side Note: Binis, till today, still sometimes refer to the Ooni as Oghene. Refer to the entry “ɔɣɛnɛ” (i.e. “ọghẹnẹ”) in Hans Melzian’s “A Concise Dictionary of the Bini Language of Southern Nigeria” where its second definition is given as: “Bini name for the ↄni at Ile Ife” Moreover, another piece of historical evidence which quelled the academic debate on the word “east” (as is seen in the early writings in reference to this overlord) are early maps. There are maps (e.g. from the early 1500s) which show the phrase Dominion of the Orguene annotated across the western half of today’s Nigeria. These historical information leaves anyone (not only the historians) with the only logical conclusion that the appearance of the word “east” in those early writings is of course not literal. In conclusion, contrary to your ignorant assumption, there are writings from the early 1500s (on the basis of interviews of Bini representatives in the late 1400s) which references the king of Ife & his overlordship on Benin kingdom and other places. Apart from early writings, there are other types of historical evidence which also establish clearly that there exist a classic (i.e. pre-1800) father & son relationship between Ife & Benin respectively. These other type of historical evidence which I come to here are classical artifacts from the hard science of archaeology. One crucial examples in this regard is discussed below. The artifact shown in this link is the image of an Ooni of Ife. ~ S. P. Blier, “Art in Ancient Ife,” 2012, Figure 17. The Ife naturalism of this artifact, its facial striations, as well as its classical Ife ceremonial costume and the pair of chest ornament help art historians (as well as Benin chroniclers alike) with identifying this image as an Ooni of Ife. What is very, very crucial here is that this artifact was found in the archaeological deposits of Benin. To be more precise, it was excavated from the royal palace of Benin kingdom. Furthermore, the production date of this artifact has now been established by science. This artifact is dated, by thermoluminescence technique, to the year 1420 [± 60 years]. ~ Calvocoressi & David, “A New Survey of Radiocarbon and Thermoluminescence Dates for West Africa,” 1979, p. 19. For more pictorial angles (and details) regarding this particular artifact, please refer to: (A) W. Fagg, “A Bronze Figure in Ife Style at Benin,” British Museum, June 1950, Plate Fa, Fb, Fc (B) F. Willett, “Ife in the History of West African Sculpture,” McGraw-Hill, 1967, Figure 89. (C) C. Adepegba, “The Descent from Oduduwa,” 1986, Plate 4. In other words, a more-than 500-year-old ‘bronze’ cast of an Ooni Ife was discovered in the (archaeological deposits of the) palace of Benin kingdom. In conclusion, it thus becomes clear that there exists a classical (i.e. pre-1800) father & son relationship between Ife & Benin respectively. I have severally challenged TAO11 to show such evidence but I suspect I may have to wait until the chicken grows teeth before she can find such evidence.If lying to yourself brings you peace of mind, who am I to ask you to stop lying. Lol. ![]() Cc: rhektor, gomojam, lifeisgood12, nisai, nisiw365, Christistruth00, kjhova 4 Likes 1 Share |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by TAO11(f): 11:44pm On Aug 03, 2021 |
samuk:Debunked! [s]2. Between 1400s to 1890 vast parts of Yoruba land was either directly or indirectly ruled, colonised or influenced by Benin.[/s]An ignorant falsehood for which no historical evidence exist -- other than one-sided statements of vainglory emanating ab-initio from Benin kingdom itself. [s]The other parts such as Ilorin was under the Fulani.[/s]BACKGROUND The fourth Baale of Ilorin & Kakanfo of Oyo declared Ilorin independent of Oyo’s dominion due to a feud between him and his oba – the Alaafin Aole. In order to amass a huge army, he proclaimed an offer of asylum in Ilorin to any Muslim-Yoruba who feels persecuted in his Oyo homeland. He made same offer to slaves of foreign origin (mostly Hausa, but also Nupe, Bariba, Aja, and Fulani) who served in Oyo homes and throughout the vast Oyo territory. Not long after his proclamation, the Yorubas of Ilorin began to be joined by a vast population of immigrants of diverse ethnicities from all over the Yoruba country. These immigrants (and many Yorubas of Ilorin) have the Islamic faith as their unifying factor –and this is true for virtually every single one of them. A “community of Muslim folks” (the “Jama‘a”), which comprises of the Muslim-Yorubas (of Ilorin and elsewhere) as well as the slaves of different ethnicities, quickly emerged in Ilorin. A misunderstanding soon broke out between the Muslim community (i.e. the Jama‘a) and Afonja. The ensuing crisis led to Afoja’s death at the hands of some members of the Jama‘a in c.1824. A Muslim-Fulani scholar and medicine seller by the name Salih (also Alimi) – who often visits Ilorin and many other Oyo towns, preaching and selling charms – had earlier also been persuaded by Afonja to come and reside at Ilorin. Ilorin traditions speak of Alimi as often saying that the clash between Afonja and the Jama‘a (which resulted in Afonja’s death) had been caused by an unfortunate misunderstanding. With the death of Afoja, Alimi -- surrounded by the mass of the Muslim community (which essentially is the Ilorin population) – became the “Amir-al-Mu’mineen” (i.e. “the leader & commander of the faithfuls”) by virtue of the fact that he already was their foremost scholar and chief Imam. The strong Ilorin state which emerged at this point was, in a practical sense, a state of Muslim faithfuls of diverse ethnicities (majorly Yorubas, and many Hausas, Nupes, Baribas, Fulanis, Ajas et al.) whose scholar and chief imam (i.e. Alimi) now naturally doubles as their “Amir-al-Mu’mineen” (i.e. “the leader & commander of the faithfuls”), or “Emir” for short. At no point in all of this did the tradition state or imply that Alimi attained that status by the use of force. It was an almost unanimous choice by the people, the vast majority of which are the Muslims. To them, his new leadership position was a no brainer. He had been their scholar and Imam all along. So, regardless of the ethnicity of the individual whom the Muslims (Yorubas and others) appoint as “Amir”, such choice was the people’s choice. Ethnicity is not a barrier since they are all united by the Islamic faith upon which their new social order is based. They feel a sense of fulfillment with their choice(s), and that’s all that matters to them. Having given the foregoing background and clarification, could you explain to me the aberration of the picture embedded in this link. When did parts of Benin kingdom (Esanland to be precise) become ceded to the Emirate? Just asking for a friend. ![]() 3. The first time the Europeans visited the hinterland of Yoruba was 1824.Okay! So, what!? ![]() Oh wait, is your comment here supposed to be a certificate of your low self-esteem in comparison to a white person, or what exactly? ![]() In any case, a thinking person (and a reader) would have known why the Europeans didn’t venture beyond the Yoruba cities close to Atlantic coast where their anchorage is located. The rain forest of the west African hinterland was very, very dense in the 1400s, 1500s, 1600s, etc. (and of course earlier). As such, it has all sorts of natural deaths awaiting a European. They knew better. Plasmodium parasites are more concentrated in deeply forested regions than less forested ones near the coast. Europeans have very much less immunity to these parasites than West Africans. In fact, even in the early 1800s when they dared to penetrate, a number of European deaths from fever were recorded just in the course of the trip from the Atlantic coast to Oyo-Ile. The Alaafin of Oyo was the leader of Yoruba people, not the Ooni of Ife.An ignorant falsehood! (1) There are maps from the 1500s which shows the phrase “Dominion of the Ooni” [in Latin] annotated across the western half of today’s Nigeria. (2) British agents who visited the Alaafin of Oyo in 1886 were told by him that “the Ifes … were the fathers of all and all people came from Ife.” (3) An article entitled “Native Crowns” published by the Royal African Society in the year 1903 says about the Ooni that: “Out of respect to him [the Ooni] as the head of all the great interior Chiefs, when they heard of his departure from Ife, left their palaces and were living outside the walls, and there they would remain until he returned; even the Alafin of Oyo was now living outside the palace.” (4) Refer to the attached photograph below of the Ooni and the Alaafin. A picture is worth a thousand words. 4. Any history of Yoruba before 1824 largely centred around the coastline of Yoruba not the hinterland.False! Accounts of Oyo’s imperial domination of the Dahomey area (from the 1700s, 1600s) is captured by eyewitness accounts of European administrators. 5. The current Benin/Ife connection is purely political history not back up by historical evidence.Debunked! 6. There are only two great kingdoms in Nigeria, Benin and Fulani's Sokoto caliphate.Fasle! Benin dominated the Nigeria space for over 500 years.False! But among Edoid people? Then may be. The Fulani took over in the 1800s and still nominating.False! But in Hausaland? Then may be. 7. The Ooni is not even the spiritual leader of most Yoruba people. The Yoruba people being mostly muslims, the Sultan of Sokoto who have to sight the moon before the commencement of Islamic festivities in Nigeria is the spiritual leader of more than half the population of Yoruba people.Do you mean this in the same sense as many Edoid Muslims of Benin kingdom acknowledge the Sultan of Sokoto as their spiritual leader instead of the king of Benin? Do you mean this in the same sense as the remaining population of Benin kingdom Christians acknowledge a Yoruba man (Samson Olasupo Adeniyi Ayokunle) as their spiritual leader instead of the king of Benin. 8. Yoruba were once under Benin, today they are under the Fulani.A laughable falsehood which has been debunked above. I know how you guys desperately want the Oba of Benin to be Yoruba, but sorry to break your heart, he is not Yoruba and has no Yoruba ancestryIt is the Oba of Benin literally claim to be Yoruba – not the other way around. The Oba of Benin has Yoruba kings’ praise title such as Adimula, OsaKeji, etc. Did you think this is due to conquest? Not really. It is due to patrilineal descent. The Yoruba are not the only ones claiming the Oba of Benin, the Igbo and Igala also have their claims. We only hear more of the Yoruba claims because you guys are more vocal with your claim.I have no business with Igbos, et al. says. My business is to debunking your lies on the basis of Benin kingdom’s claim (prior to the last Benin monarch’s revision). In any case, your lies that it was the Yorubas claimong the king of Benin has just being debunked before your own eyes. TAO11 opinions and assumptions doesn't amount to history, I am not interested in any of her shenanigans unless she can show me evidence in either Benin or Yoruba history before 1824 that says the Oba of Benin was related to Yoruba.This was done in full details in my comment where I adduced the 1500s writings as well as the 1400s artifact. Yoruba hinterland eyewitness historical accounts may be relatively young haven't only began in 1824 compared to Benin, there are avalanches of Benin eyewitnesses historical accounts spanning over 400 years for TAO11 and any other Yoruba to research and provide evidences of Benin/Ife relationship before 1824.Again, the son & father relationship between Ife & Benin (respectively) has been established in details my comment where I adduced the 1500s writings as well as the 1400s artifact. No matter how long a lie is told, it can never become truth.It is in your best interest to take your own advice – as it is meant for none but you. Unless you guys can provide historical evidence backing your claims, you guys can continue to wallow in your lies.Exactly what I have done to debunk each and every single one of your rants and falsehoods. Cc: nisai, Christistruth00, nisiw365 lifeisgood12 5 Likes 1 Share
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Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by gregyboy(m): 5:51am On Aug 04, 2021 |
Olu317: 3 Likes 3 Shares
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Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by gregyboy(m): 5:52am On Aug 04, 2021 |
[s] TAO11:[/s] 3 Likes 3 Shares
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Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by TAO11(f): 7:23am On Aug 04, 2021 |
Lol. Poor gregyboy, your attachment was debunked in the very comment you quoted. Going forward, make sure to read the comments you spend your time replying to. Doing so helps make you appear less dum.b. Your attachment is found on page 37 of A.F.C. Ryder’s “A Reconsideration of the Ife-Benin Relationship”. Guess when it was published! Take a wild guess! ![]() A good part of my comment which you MiStAkEnLy missed reads as follows: “NB: Yes, there used to be a debate in academia in the 1970s/1980s (between the mainstream scholars on one hand; and one, two, or three others on another hand) over the identity of this suzerain. This debate was particularly on the usage of the word “east” in those early writings. In present time, however, there is no single academic historian who holds the notion that this suzerain (of the early writings) is other than the Ooni of Ife [i.e. Ọ̀ɣọ̀ni Ufẹ̀ in the Ife dialect of the Yoruba language — the symbol ⟨ɣ⟩ being the voiced velar fricative with its consonant sound as in this audio sample]. This conclusion is reinforced by the fact that no king, throughout the Guinea Forest of West Africa matches the specific sacral details given in those early writings, except the Ooni of Ife. …” More specifically, Ryder’s hypothesis (not even a conclusion) was devastatingly debunked in R. Horton’s “Ancient Ife” published in the year 1979. Others scholars like R.C.C. Law (1973), A. Obayemi (1976), F. Willet (1982), R. Smith (1988), Adedotun (1991), D. Bondarenko (2003), S. A. Akintoye (2010), A. Knobler (2016), et al. have all subsequently reached the same conclusion as Robin Horton reached when he debunked A.F.C. Ryder. ![]() In other words, engage the evidence or ‘go to sleep’. ![]() Shikena! Cc: Olu317, Christistruth00, nisai, nisiw365, lifeisgood12 4 Likes 1 Share |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by Nisiw365: 7:40am On Aug 04, 2021 |
TAO11:Gregyboy is in pains 2 Likes |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by samuk: 9:20am On Aug 04, 2021 |
I repeat Oduduwa was simply a mythical figure , this is the reason if you asked five people, 2 Edo and 3 Yoruba, the origin of Oduduwa, you are likely to get the following replies: 1. He was from Saudi Arabia 2. He was from Egypt 3. He was originally from Ife 4. He was from Benin 5. He is a myth Anybody that doubt me should carry out a Google search on the origin of Oduduwa. Ife wasn't Organe The Ogane that was referred to by the Portuguese in the 15th century was described to be in a location east of Benin, Ife is west, the Ogane was said to be a distance of about 900 miles, Ife is about 174 miles from Benin, Organe was said to have a travelling time from Benin of 20 moons (20 months), Benin to Ife couldn't possibly have been travelled in 20 months because by 1603, 2 messages were sent from Lagos garrison to Benin daily and Lagos is further away from Benin in distance compared to Ife. The reason no one have been able to locate this Organe written about in the 15th century Benin history is because it was argued that it probably didn't exist. There is absolutely nothing in name Of Ogane, distance, direction of travel and location from Benin city that slightly resembles Ife. Yoruba always want to equate Organe to Ife because of their desperation to link Ife to Benin by all means. If Benin really have relationship with Ife between 1170 to 1897, a period of 800 years of which over 400 years of it was documented by eyewitnesses on the Benin side and at least 70 years of the 800 years documented on the Yoruba side stating from 1824, why was Ife, Oranmiyan and Oduduwa not mentioned once in either the 400 years Benin documented eyewitness historical accounts or Yoruba 70 years eyewitness historical accounts. One of the few places in Yoruba land that was never mentioned in Benin history until after the fall of Benin in 1897 is Ife. Most towns and rulers in eastern Yoruba, the Alaafin and Lagos were all mentioned but not Ife, Oranmiyan and Oduduwa. How could Benin have had interactions with Ife in the way the Yoruba want everyone believe and yet not a single mentioned in the historical books. Benin was a very active kingdom both in war and traditions, if there was an interaction with Ife, it would have be mentioned severally throughout the periods of written records starting from late 1400s to late 1890s, but nothing was said about Ife, Oduduwa and Oranmiyan until after the fall of Benin in 1897. No aspects of Benin lives was left undocumented by early Europeans, the number of roads in the city, the type of food, trade, traditional institutions, religion, rituals, physical descriptions of the people, architecture, government, area of influence, military installations or garrisons throughout the empire, military strength, internal civil wars, area conquered, etc. In the over 400 years of Benin written history, there is not a single mention of Ife, Oduduwa and Oranmiyan the supposed founders of the kingdom. Yet TAO11 wants everyone to believe Organe was Ife. Even if she is right how come Organe was only mentioned once in late 15th century? This is because Organe wasn't Ife. Yoruba are not the only people that claim to have founded the Benin kingdom, several other tribes have made several similar claims ranging from being the aboriginal inhabitants of the kingdom to even laying claim to the Oba himself just the way the Yoruba have been doing since the fall of Benin kingdom. Incase the Yoruba don't know, the Igbos also have similar claims of theirs. Some Igbos believe the Oba of Benin was originally from Nri. The Benin are so sure and confident with themselves that, we will not feel less of ourselves if it turns out the Oba wasn't originally from Benin. Most of us wouldn't care about the origin of the Oba in as far it can be proven with historical evidence. The problem with the Yoruba claim is lack of evidence to back up the claims. Like I mentioned to TAO11 before and I will repeat again, just show us evidence of Benin/Ife relationship as late as 1890, just seven years before the British invasion of Benin. Let's even forget the period 1400s, 1500s, 1600s, 1700s, 1800 - 1890. This is a long period of time. Just give me something in 1890 that suggests Benin/Ife relationship. There is nothing unique about Yoruba fabricated Benin/Ife relationship claims, rather it's the uniqueness of Benin in world history that is prompting all these claims. We can not pretend to know it all, any tribes that lay claim to Benin must provide historically backed evidence to be taken seriously. People may be tempted to laugh off the Igbo claim, but don't forget this is how the Yoruba claim began and the similarities between both claims are clear enough. One can't discount future intellectual fight between Yoruba and Igbo on the historical ownership of Benin. As times goes by, Benin history ages like old wine in a bottle that everybody will want to own. This is more so because of the nearly 500 years documented historical gap between Benin and the other two tribes of Yoruba and Igbo. Below is a similar Igbo claim. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4xXMdK8HYQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytmPqtA65YY 2 Likes |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by TAO11(f): 9:57am On Aug 04, 2021 |
samuk:Yoruba history is not formed on the basis of how times a certain samuk “repeats" an unfounded statement. this is the reason if you asked five people, 2 Edo and 3 Yoruba, the origin of Oduduwa, you are likely to get the following replies:Really? ![]() According to Yoruba the traditions which originated ab initio from the Yorubas themselves, Oduduwa is from Oke-Ora. This community existed on one of the hills around the Ife bowl. Anything apart from this is thrown at and mocked by historians of African and Yoruba history all over the world. Ife wasn't OrganeLMAO! And who said it is? IFE is the name of a place. ‘Place’ and ‘human’ are two different things. Okay? Lol. You’re clearly dead-scared of reading that detailed comment of mine. Otherwise this great embarrassment would have passed you by. The Ogane that was referred to by the Portuguese in the 15th century was described to be in a location east of Benin, Ife is west,What is meant in the materials by “east” has been exposed in my detailed response which you’ve failed to read. And it wasn’t I who first came up with the clarification, historians did. Read that comment of mine, c’mon. Don’t be scared again. the Ogane was said to be a distance of about 900 miles, Ife is about 174 miles from Benin,Yes, Ife is roughly 174 miles away from Benin city. Fact! However, the distance of However, the European didn’t obtain this number (i.e. 250 leagues) from the Benin informants. And De Barros made that clear enough in the text. Read the text itself. ![]() In fact, the Binis who lived in the 1400s/1500s did not measure distance between places in leagues, miles, etc. As such, they couldn’t have given such information. Instead, the Binis who lived in the 1400s/1500s measured distance between places on the basis of celestial bodies, e.g. the Moon. And interestingly, the actual number for distance (between the two places) which they gave to the European was in terms of “moon”. The Bini did actually inform the European that it took 20 moons to get to the Ogané’s place. It was on the basis of this particular number (the 20 moons which the Benin actually provided) that the European imagined what the distance may be in “leagues”. In sum, the 250 leagues which he actually mentioned in the text is his own attempt. It wasn’t a number given to him by his local informants. Organe was said to have a travelling time from Benin of 20 moons (20 months)Again, Secondly, yes 20 moons number was actually provided to the European by the Bini informant. This number (as the text shows) was said to him to be the time it takes to get to the Ogane’s place. Is this number realistic based on the distance it traditionally in southern “Nigeria” to walk long distances on land [not to ferry on canoe]? The answer to this is a big fat YES. This is to be discussed now. Benin to Ife couldn't possibly have been travelled in 20 months because by 1603, 2 messages were sent from Lagos garrison to Benin daily and Lagos is further away from Benin in distance compared to Ife.You’re a huge olodo – that is, dunce. First, the phrase “Lagos garrison” is a figment of your wild imagination which has been debunked at the link below: Secondly, do not pretend to know better than me on a material that I have -- which you on the other hand have never set your eyes on. Unlike the trip from Benin to Ife in the 1400s (a trip on land in the interior), the trip from Lago to Benin in the 1600s (which is based on Ulsheimer’s account) is a trip via the water-way of the Atlantic. The canoe trip from Benin’s coast to Lago (or vice-versa) in the 1600s wouldn’t allow for camping/resort/stops/rests along the way — unlike in the case of a walking trip on land in the deep interior from Benin to Ife in the 1400s. The distance covered at a unit of time when paddling on water is in no way comparable to when walking on land. Division of labour is possible in paddling, this is not feasible in walking. And so forth. There is just no basis for comparison whatsoever. The centuries are different, the channel (and of course means) of the trip are also different. And that makes your comparison absurd and slow. Now to the 20 moons journey, Ife lies practically 20 moons walking distance away from Benin (not on the basis of Google map’s walking algorithm of zero tiredness, zero stop, zero pause, zero food, zero drink. zero relaxation, etc.). Rather, this answer (of 20 moon walking distance between Ife and Benin) is based on available data on the traditional trekking expectations in the southern “Nigeria” region, as well as on the basis of other pragmatic data from the real world. Data 1: C. G. Okojie in his “Ishan Native Laws and Customs,” p.210. provides us with the first data as follows: The walking trip from Uromi (Ishan) to Benin City over a course of about 50 miles is reported to have “traditionally” taken an average of 5 months. (cited in A.F.C. Ryder (1965), p.27). Data 2: Ife is roughly 174 miles away from Benin city (even if the ancient Benin-Owo-Ife route is to be adhered reasonably to). These two data leave an “answer” of about 17.4 months [NOT moons] as the “traditional” trekking time from Benin to Ife. Question: How many “moons” are 17.4 months equivalent to? To answer this, two pieces of real-world data must be adduced. Data 3: It takes the moon about 27.322 days to go around the earth. In other words, there are [accurately] about 27.322 days in one “moon”. Data 4: There is an average of 30.47 days in one month. In sum, the “traditional” walking trip from Benin to Ile Ife took an average of 17.4 months And, 17.4 months are equivalent to 530.178 days (i.e. 17.4months * 30.47days per month). And, 530.178 days are equivalent to 19.4 moons (i.e. 530.178 days / 27.322 days per moon). From available pragmatic facts and figures, it turns out that the “traditional” trip from Benin city to Ife took about 19.4 moons (based on the averages). This number is astoundingly accurate for all practical intents and purpose vis-à-vis the 20 moons journey information received by the European from his Bini informant. From this again, we see that Ife is indeed the place of the Ogané of that text. And the Bini informant knew exactly what he was talking about. The reason no one have been able to locate this Organe written about in the 15th century Benin history is because it was argued that it probably didn't exist.Who said he wasn’t located? LMAO! Who argued he probably didn’t exist? LMAO! Benin boy is on a self-consolation pry. Just to inform you about what you already know, scholars have long settled the idedntity of the Ogane as none but the Ooni of Ife. See attached screenshot from Adam Knober’s “Mythology and Diplomacy in the Age of Exploration”. There is absolutely nothing in name Of Ogane, distance, direction of travel and location from Benin city that slightly resembles Ife. Yoruba always want to equate Organe to Ife because of their desperation to link Ife to Benin by all means.You’re trying too hard to distract your gullible Benin readers into thing that No! Ogané (as transcribed in the Portuguese text) is a person. It is the title of a king who scholar have settled to be none other than the Ooni of Ife. If Benin really have relationship with Ife between 1170 to 1897, a period of 800 years of which over 400 years of it was documented by eyewitnesses on the Benin side and at least 70 years of the 800 years documented on the Yoruba side stating from 1824, why was Ife, Oranmiyan and Oduduwa not mentioned once in either the 400 years Benin documented eyewitness historical accounts or Yoruba 70 years eyewitness historical accounts.For the same reason why no Benin kings’s name was mentioned by the eyewitnesses who was supposed to have met them – no Benin king’s name was mentioned in 800 years. Or is it that they didn’t have names? One of the few places in Yoruba land that was never mentioned in Benin history until after the fall of Benin in 1897 is Ife. Most towns and rulers in eastern Yoruba, the Alaafin and Lagos were all mentioned but not Ife, Oranmiyan and Oduduwa.See the preceding segment. Was Benin ruled by kings? Or were the king lists a mere compilation of fictions? How come no name is mentioned in hundreds of years until toward the end of the 1800s? It seems plausible that the names and listing of Benin kings is a mere compilation of fabricated fictions. [Your own poor reasoning] How could Benin have had interactions with Ife in the way the Yoruba want everyone believe and yet not a single mentioned in the historical books.How could Benin have had kings yet not a single one is mentioned in the historical books for hundreds of years? Benin was a very active kingdom both in war and traditions, if there was an interaction with Ife, it would have be mentioned severally throughout the periods of written records starting from late 1400s to late 1890s, but nothing was said about Ife, Oduduwa and Oranmiyan until after the fall of Benin in 1897.If Benin ever had kings for hundreds of years, at least one of them would have been mentioned severally throughout the periods of written records starting from the late 1400s to the late 1800s. No aspects of Benin lives was left undocumented by early Europeans, the number of roads in the city, the type of food, trade, traditional institutions, religion, rituals, physical descriptions of the people, architecture, government, area of influence, military installations or garrisons throughout the empire, military strength, internal civil wars, area conquered, etc. In the over 400 years of Benin written history, there is not a single mention of Ife, Oduduwa and Oranmiyan the supposed founders of the kingdom.Except that the list of Benin kings is a fabrication of fiction as none of this was not mentioned by the early Europeans. Yet TAO11 wants everyone to believe Organe was Ife.You’re trying too hard to hard to distract yourself and your gullible readers. What historians concluded (which I have simply been citing) is that Ogané is the title of a king, and this king is the Ooni of Ife. Even if she is right how come Organe was only mentioned once in late 15th century? This is because Organe wasn't Ife.You don’t miss any opportunity to embarrass yourself. First of all, it wasn’t mentioned in any 15th century work at all. In fact, there is no 15th century work about Benin or concerning Benin. Secondly, it was mentioned for the first time in an early-16th century work. And that want the only time. It was mentioned for a second time in another work from the mid-16th century. It was mentioned for a third time in a 17th century work, and for a fifth time in another 17th century work, and for a sixth time in another 17th century work, and so on. Read a book you won’t hear. Now see the embarrassment you brought upon yourself, your family and your friends. Yoruba are not the only people that claim to have founded the Benin kingdom, several other tribes have made several similar claims ranging from being the aboriginal inhabitants of the kingdom to even laying claim to the Oba himself just the way the Yoruba have been doing since the fall of Benin kingdom.Gosh! Yoruba didn’t claim they founded the Benin dynasty. Instead, it is the Benin kindom who claimed that their dynasty was founded by Ife-Yoruba. Catch the diference. Incase the Yoruba don't know, the Igbos also have similar claims to theirs. Some Igbos believe the Oba of Benin was originally from Nri.If it was the Benins who made that claim (just like the Benin made the claim of being founded by Ife-Yoruba), then would be a different story. The Benin are so sure and confident with themselves that, we will not feel less of ourselves if it turns out the Oba wasn't originally from Benin. Most of us wouldn't care about the origin of the Oba in as far it can be proven with historical evidence.Except the you all care. If not point me to one peer reviewed material of global repute (in this present state of historical scholarship) which concludes that the kingship dynasty of Benin is not from Ife. The problem with the Yoruba claim is lack of evidence to back up the claims.If lying to yourself works for you as a coping mechanism, who am I to ask you to stop lying? Like I mentioned to TAO11 before and I will repeat again, just show us evidence of Benin/Ife relationship as late as 1890, just seven years before the British invasion of Benin. Let's even forget the period 1400s, 1500s, 1600s, 1700s, 1800 - 1890. This is a long period of time. Just give me something in 1890 that suggests Benin/Ife relationship.If only you will read my comments, the evidence provided in that regards on this page alone will wake up the slowest Benin miscreant. But what can I do if you’re as dumb as a piece of rock? I can only continue to dish out facts, not for you actually, but for the sake of those whom my writing illuminate – e.g. the Igbos of Nairaland who are now aware of the fact that your Oba is a Yoruba man. There is nothing unique about Yoruba fabricated Benin/Ife relationship claims, rather it's the uniqueness of Benin in world history that is prompting all these claims.Benin’s uniqueness caused Benin kingdom to claim that their dynasty is from Ife. Yes, the Binis insisted on that adamantly to the Europeans. ![]() We can not pretend to know it all, any tribes that lay claim to Benin must provide historically backed evidence to be taken seriously.Like the evidenced with which historians have already reached the conclusion that Benin was a colony of Ife?? Like I said, I have no business with Igbos in this regard. If Benin had claimed at some point that its dynasty is from Igboland, that would have been a different question. But such doesn’t exist. On the contrary, Benin claims that its dynasty is founded by Ife. This claim has been found to be supported by classical writings and classical artifacts as I have demonstrated earlier on this very page. Peace. ![]() Cc: nisai, nisiw365, lifeisgood12, Christistruth00, gomojam 5 Likes 1 Share
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Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by gregyboy(m): 11:47am On Aug 04, 2021 |
TAO11: 1 Share
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Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by gregyboy(m): 11:54am On Aug 04, 2021 |
samuk: You want her to show you evidence.. You want her to use her hands to end her career The last time i asked for an exact quotation from the Portuguese who visited lagos in 1472 And named lagos lago de Curamo, She told me the quote hasn't been digitalizsd yet... It was so funny to grasp but at thesame time i felt pity for her, something tells me we are chatting with a very ugly hopeless lady that finds relieve trolling with niggas on the internet |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by samuk: 12:20pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
gregyboy: ![]() ![]() Ajayi Crowder was probably the first Yoruba to mention Benin in his writings in the 1870s but never mentioned Benin/Ife relationship. By the 1870s Yoruba returnee slaves with western education had started writing about Yoruba and it wasn't until after the fall of Benin in 1897 that another Yoruba former slave, Samuel Johnson linked Benin with Yoruba in a way that suggested that they were the same people. Ajayi Crowder travelled through the Benin areas to Asaba and to the east in his missionary works and wrote about the people. It was in his writings in 1875 that he mentioned the people of Asaba tracing their origin to Benin but said there were Igbo who then recently migrated from the east to joined them, whilst Ajayi Crowder was in Asaba, he wrote that the people still used some Benin words. Those that argued that Asaba original inhabitants were from the east, I have requested for eyewitness historical evidence earlier than 1875 to prove their claim, I am still waiting just the way I have been waiting for the Yoruba to provide anything that support Benin/Ife relationship earlier than 1890. If Benin had any relationship with Ife, Ajayi Crowder would have written about it before the fall of Benin in 1897. 1 Like 1 Share |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by gregyboy(m): 12:55pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
samuk: The binis who decided tp soil their history for political benefit nkor...... And they decided not to retrace such fraudulent history back to default and correct it I dont blame the yorubas for taking advantage if not that Tao11 is ab obsessed bitch we wouldn't have gone this deep in our history to find truth we will probably still believing on the made up history |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by Stoplying: 1:51pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
I would like to add that Ogané was actually a mythical kingdom led by prester john (a mythical figure), the whole thing was made up by crusaders in search of a mythical powerful christian king. They looked for ogané in several regions of the world. samuk: |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by samuk: 1:54pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
gregyboy: Don't forget the political situation after the British destroyed Benin, stole her artefacts and depot Oba Ovonramwen to Calabar, there was no Oba in Benin from 1897 till 1914 when Oba Ovonramwen joined his ancestors. Oba Eweka 2, had to adjust to the new political reality of the time by aligning with those the British have elevated. The Yoruba was desperate to unite themselves under one umbrella. Ife and Benin was very important in their unification project and the Oba of Benin from Eweka 2 to Akenzua were comfortable with this initial attempt to unify western Nigeria through Benin/Ife connection. Oba Erediawa was not comfortable with the mutilation of Benin history that followed and told the world he wasn't Yoruba and his son Oba Ewuare 2 have reaffirmed this in his coronation speech to the world. As of today, both late Oba Erediawa and Oba Ewuare have reaffirmed the position that Benin Obas had no Yoruba ancestry. There is also no historical evidence to support Oba of Benin having Yoruba ancestry. |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by samuk: 1:57pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
Stoplying: You are right, that's why no one can locate it. |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by TAO11(f): 2:02pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
Stoplying:Ogané is not even a kiNgDoM. So, I wonder how it could then have been a mythical kingdom. On the other hand, Ogané is a Portuguese rendering of the title/name of a king. And the information was provided by a representative of the Benin king. The information was collected from Benin by differen Europeans across different centuries. Prester John is a different thing entirely. Prester John is a lost Christian figure in early Europe, the stories of whom the Europeans kept to heart. Whether he is a fiction or not is his problem. Whenever the Europeans heard of a powerful king in a part of Africa, they quickly go to make inquiries to see if this real Afrcan king is their lost Prester John. One of such real African kings whom they encountered (or heard tell of) is the king of Ife who was known (and is still sometimes known) in Benin as Oghene. It was from Benin that the Europeans heard of the Ogehen [n'Uhe] whom they transcribed as Ogané. Clarity drives liars insane. ![]() samuk:PS: And he (Ogané) has long been identified by historians -- he is the Ooni of Ife. 3 Likes
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Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by Stoplying: 2:09pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
Let me repeat one of my rules (there are several): if you are a yoruba and your level of education is beneath masters degree, then expect no reply from me. We are not equals, I can't possibly gain anything from an exchange with you and most of you guys reward my lecturing you by insulting me, only to copy me in one way or the other later on. So no more talk with the uneducated yoruba. Thank you. |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by christistruth01: 2:12pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
TAO11: TAO even if they don't understand English at least the Good Lord gave them eyes
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Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by TAO11(f): 2:17pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
Stoplying:My level of education is beyond a mAsTeRs degree. MaStErS degree seems to be the highest anyone have attained in your family. Perhaps Benin withches said you can’t do it. LMAO! Some of us have greater things to be proud of, and If you ever attain my present state, you will understand that it is dumb and silly to want to tell everyone about aChiEvEmEnT. 4 Likes
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Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by samuk: 2:17pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
TAO11: According to you the Benin told the Portuguese about the king of Ife in the 1400s, yet none of the Europeans who have been looking for their Prester John bothered to travel to Ife for 400 years to verify this Ife powerful king Benin talked about. The European continuously visited Benin for 400 years and even establishing European stations in Benin and were not once curious enough to visit the founder and supposedly more powerful king of Ife. Benin was called great Benin by Europeans, international body of water the bight of Benin was named after her by European cartographer, a departure from naming most great Africa landmarks after European cities, citizens and monarchs. Yet you want everyone to believe Ife that the Europeans managed to visit after 1824 was the mythical powerful king Ogane that was supposedly talked about in Benin in the 1400s. Even if Ogane existed, the description given by the so called Benin informant doesn't match, the name of Ife, location, direction and distance of Ife from Benin. It's a shame that this is all you can hold on to as evidence of Benin/Ife relationship pre 1890. It's a good thing people are reading the demolishing of the Benin/Ife relationship fabrications. 1 Like 1 Share |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by Stoplying: 2:21pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
samuk:I don't even borther reading that troll whom you are replying, this is why I love these my rules, deluded and ignorant people are weeded out of discussing with me. |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by TAO11(f): 2:34pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
samuk:Nope! Not according to me. According to the conclusions of historians. I only stand with them. And their evidence and argument as as I have ahown here is outstanding. yet none of the Europeans who have been looking for their Prester John bothered to travel to Ife for 400 years to verify this Ife powerful king Benin talked about.Two quick reasons that even an elementary schooler would immediately realize: (1) That he is not their Prester John whom they had set out for, and they had to look elsewhere. (2) Even if he was (of course he is not) any thinking person (and a reader) would have known why the Europeans didn’t venture beyond the Yoruba cities close to Atlantic coast where their anchorage is located. The rain forest of the west African hinterland was very, very dense in the 1400s, 1500s, 1600s, etc. (and of course earlier). As such, it has all sorts of natural deaths awaiting a European. They knew better. Plasmodium parasites are more concentrated in deeply forested regions than less forested ones near the coast. Europeans have very much less immunity to these parasites than West Africans. In fact, even in the early 1800s when they dared to penetrate, a number of European deaths from fever were recorded just in the course of the trip from the Atlantic coast to Oyo-Ile. The European continuously visited Benin for 400 years and even establishing European stations in Benin and were not once curious enough to visit the founder and supposedly more powerful king of Ife.Yoru seem to have a thick skull that allows nothing pass through it. ![]() Anyways see the comment segment before this. Even if Ogane existed, the description given by the so called Benin informant doesn't match, the name of Ife, location, direction and distance of Ife from Benin. It's a shame that this is all you can hold on to as evidence of Benin/Ife relationship pre 1890.First of all, the name of the place wasn’t given in any of the writing, so how does the issue of name of place not matching Ife even come up then? Wait, why do you enjoying humiliating yourself, family and friends? The direction (literally) also wasn’t given, the mention of “east” is noted by historians today to not be in respect of direction (literally), but in respect of the place’s epithet as “the place from where the sun rises”, and that is the precise epithet of Ife. The distance of 20 moons journey from Ife fits Ife like a glove. Refer to the computations in my earlier comment. Don’t revert without planning to address the actual computation. The distance of 250 leagues was not collected form the Binis. This is clear from the text. In fact, Binis don’t conceptualize distance in leagues. They do in moons, etc. 250 leagues was De Barros own attempt to imagine the distance (in EUrOpEaN terms) based on the moon information which he was given. So, I stand with historians in asserting that these text point to none but the Ooni of Ife. I also stand with the archaeological evidence that establishes the same thing. In conclusion, the Ooni of Ife is suzerain over Benin and many other kingdoms since classical times. All these have been discussed in my reply to you. Only if you would read my comment before you type. Peace! ![]() 4 Likes |
Re: The Name Lagos, Was Called Ekonunuame By The Benins by TAO11(f): 2:44pm On Aug 04, 2021 |
DEBUNKED BEFORE! Stop retrying the very same thing that was debunked. Instead address the points raised in the course of debunking your comment. samuk:First of all, Asibong Akpan Okon is mistaken about his assertion that a British Governor was responsible for collecting any such statement from the said Alaafin. The individual who collected and published the cited statement in the 2nd volume of the “United Empire” is the trader, R.E. Dennett. The key-word used by R.E. Dennett in his report is the English word “tribute”. Even a basic-level grasp of English makes it clear that the English word “tribute“ has two basic significances: The Primary Significance (Meaning-1): A payment made to express gratitude, etc. The Secondary Significance (Meaning-2): A payment made to acknowledge conquest, etc. It is noteworthy that there is absolutely nothing in the vast corpus of Bini accounts which states (or suggests) that Benin at any point conquered Ọyọ — despite the apparent tendencies in Bini accounts to lay claims of conquest (although usually falsely) to far & near lands. Similarly, there is absolutely nothing in the vast corpus of Ọyọ accounts which states (or suggests) that Ọyọ at any point in time was conquered by Benin — despite the clear admissions (in Ọyọ accounts) that early Ọyọ was conquered for a while by some Nupe groups, by some Bariba groups, and by the early Owu kingdom. In the light of the foregoing, the secondary significance (meaning-2) of “tribute” is not applicable to Dennett’s statement above. Such interpretation has no footing whatsoever in Ọyọ or Bini historical accounts and realities. Conversely, the primary significance (the “meaning-1) of the English term “tribute”, as is now to be expected, is actually that which is in line with the historical realities of Ọyọ-Benin relations as detailed below R. E. Dennett collected this statement in ca.1911. The “tribute” payment relates apparently to pre-1911. The relevant historical background which clarifies his significance of this term is hinted in the Journals of the Europeans who explored the interiors of Yoruba-land in the 1800s. These explorers reached old Ọyọ and actually met the then Alaafin whose vast empire was at the time facing intense rebellion from at least one of its provinces. In response to these internal troubles, the then Alaafin reached out to other provinces of his empire; his long standing allies; as well as newly emerging allies in order to nip this specific rebellion in the bud once and for all. One of its allies which Ọyọ reached out to for this specific engagement in the 1800s was some Bariba groups. Another state which it reached out to, for the purpose of this engagement, is the Benin kingdom. In relation to this outsourcing services, CPT Clapperton hinted in his 1820s Journal that the Alaafin said: “he wanted nothing, unless it was something that would speedily cause the submission of the rebels. He said that he has sent to his friend the king of Benin for troops to assist him in the war. … In the evening I set off five rockets, which astonished all and frightened away many. The king was sitting under his verandah, and we waited on him to inquire how he liked the rockets; he was quite delighted, and said they should be kept for [the] war.” Captain Clapperton & Richard Lander, “Journal of a Second Expedition Into the Interior of Africa,” (1829), p. 41. In the light of this foregoing historical information (as well as in the light of the fact that any supposed Benin conquest of Ọyọ is an historical fallacy); the first significance (meaning-1) of the term “tribute” then is what is meant in Dennett’s statement. In other words, the outsourcing services which the above quotation from Clapperton’s journal indicated wasn’t free of charge after all. In sum, the English term “tribute” as used by Dennett in his c.1911 report is in the primary sense of the term as opposed to the secondary sense. Cheers. ![]() 4 Likes |
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