afam4eva:
I'm not saying the letter is recent. Whether it was recent in 2012 or 1999 does not make any difference. I just want to know if there's an evidence that Awolowo actually did write that letter. Did he publish it in one of his books?

texazzpete:

And you expected the head of state of Nigeria to stand idly by when a region decided to secede?

If you were the head of state and the bayelsa governor declares his independence, what would YOU do? Resort to prayers or declare a state of emergency and send in the troops?

I'm glad you don't contribute more here. You aren't very bright, are you?

Katsumoto:

It does make a difference. Was Awolowo alive in 1999 or 2012? Letters, like other similar artifacts, can be reproduced several years later as long as their contents are not changed or amended.

As stated earlier, the letter was published in a book, with the title of said book provided by two posters. The authenticity of said letter has never been in doubt.

T9ksy:

At the time Awolowo was released (8th of Aug. 1966), Eastern region was still part of the nigerian federation and as such under her jurisdiction. The crime Awolowo was jailed for was a federal offence which means had Ojukwu released him, Awolowo would have been subsequently arrested by gowon and sent back to prison. Moreover, as at the time, there was no republic of biafra which means Ojukwu still draws his salary from the nigerian govt.

Yeah, we all know you are a yorubaman and i am the great-grand son of king solomon and queen of sheba, 'cause i said so!
So Awolowo, a civilian in a military govt was the one who effected the blockade on biafra. he personally conducted the war giving orders to the ilk of Gowon, Murtala, Danjuma, IBB, Buhari, Adekunle, Mohammed shuwa, Obj and the rest on how to fight biafra. Do you guys ever think before vomitting the rubbish fed you by your dumb elders? Somehow i don't think so.

Yeah, of course, Awolowo should have supported Ojukwu's ambition and place the whole of yorubaland under his(Ojukwu's)rule. No, we wouldn't have all these bombings going in the north now rather we will be left to deal with Ojukwu's tyrannical rule over the yorubas. We all know that's why you ibos hate awo and by extension the yorubas so much 'cause we refuse your wild hegemonic ambition onto our territory.

Ajillo:
Ok may be as you said I am not very bright. But you have confirmed here that you are an dolt of the superlative order. Did you not hear that there was Aburi accord. It is the same Aburi accord that your demented leaders are now asking for its revival. Shame on you.

PhysicsQED: Dede1,

If you have a better understanding of historical facts, I want you to verify something for me. In an article called "Revisiting Nigeria's Political History", a writer named Ben Lawrence made the following claim:

"Even then in 1951, only a few NCNC members won election to the Eastern House of Assembly on their party's ticket. In the old Calabar Province, for instance, the NCNC won two out of 13 seats. The two went to Professor Eyo Ita and an ally in Calabar Division,

the famous Mazi Mbonu Ojike, NCNC top brass and deputy mayor of Lagos, was beaten by Chief Ezerioha, an Independent, to whom with Chief Kingsley O, Mbadiwe (alias K. O.) tactically tagged to win a seat in Orlu Division. Reuben J. Uzoma, an Independent, also won from Orlu Division. So no NCNC man was elected from there, although they all later cast their lot with the party. [/b]In Onitsha, the hometown of Zik, the NCNC was floored. [b]Justice Louis Mbanefo, an Independent defeated NCNC candidate to the Eastern House and subsequently to the Central House of Assembly. Most of the Eastern victors swung to the NCNC to form the government because of the respect they had for Professor Eyo Ita, founder of the West African People's Institute (WAPI) Calabar, in the East. The Western Region was more politically organised on party basis and general franchise. The NCNC and its supposed allies thought they had 51 seats and that the Action Group and allies had 29 seats. But on that day of judgement at the inauguration of the Western House, the Action Group had 45 seats and the NCNC 35."

http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/rarticles/revisiting%20nigerias%20political%20history.htm

I only want your analysis of the parts in bold and to confirm whether they're true. I don't care about whether Mr. Lawrence got the details right in the rest of this quote because it won't be relevant to my point.

In the part in bold he claims that independents defeated NCNC challengers and then later went with the NCNC when the government was formed.

You referenced the majority of Otu Edo going NCNC as if it were an indication that there was some preexisting agreement between all Otu Edo members and between the Otu Edo and the NCNC that all Otu Edo members would opt for the NCNC when the government was formed.

The issue here is, for the Eastern region, did these particular independents (Chief Ezerioha or Louis Mbanefo) have some preexisting agreement with the NCNC to swing to the NCNC upon successful election? And if there was some preexisting alliance with the NCNC before being elected, why compete directly against the NCNC's candidate for election? Wouldn't it make more sense to just contest directly as an NCNC man or to not run in order to cede the position to the NCNC's actual candidate?

I find this example (Chief Ezerioha's example, Louis Mbanefo's example) hard to reconcile with your insistence that those who eventually swung mostly to the NCNC in the west automatically had a real and acknowledged pre-existing agreement with the NCNC to opt for the NCNC upon election merely because of their political party - since we can see that some independents in the east that swung to the NCNC blocked and even defeated NCNC candidates in certain instances.

[b]OJUKWU: We’ve said this over and over again, so many times, and people don’t understand; they don’t want to actually. If you remember, I released Awolowo from jail. Even that, some people are beginning to contest as well. Awo was in jail in Calabar. Gowon knows and the whole of the federal establishment knows that at no point was Gowon in charge of the East. The East took orders from me. Now, how could Gowon have released Awolowo who was in Calabar? Because of the fact that I released him, it created quite a lot of rapport between Awo and myself and I know that before he went back to Ikenne, I set up a hotline between Ikenne and my bedroom in Enugu. He tried like an elder statesman to find a solution. Awolowo is a funny one. Don’t forget that the political purpose of the coup, the Ifeajuna coup that began all this, was to hand power over to Awo. We young men respected him a great deal. He was a hero. I thought he was a hero and certainly I received him when I was governor. We talked and he was very vehement when he saw our complaints and he said that if the Igbos were forced out by Nigeria that he would take the Yorubas out also. I don’t know what anybody makes of that statement but it is simple. Whether he did or didn’t, it is too late. There is nothing you can do about it. So, he said this and I must have made some appropriate responses too. But it didn’t quite work out the way that we both thought. Awolowo, evidently, had a constant review of the Yoruba situation and took different path. That’s it. I don’t blame him for it. I have never done.
[/b]

Dede1:
The bolded in the above post seemed to come from a frustrated Udo Udoma. It is a pity he referred to certain politicians as Independents when there was none. These so-called independents from eastern region, including Udo Udoma, were politicians who got upset with certain NCNC policies. They joined local parties such as NIP and UNP yet ran under the platform of NCNC. Those who ran on the platform of other national parties beside NCNC lost their deposit. It may interest you that Udo Udoma was such politician who later ran under AG and lost to primary school headmaster.

Ajillo: Katsumoto,
I have pity on you and that crap called maxsiolun abi wtin call. There was an agreement reached by all parties involved and one person unilaterally doctors it as he deemed fit. You and maxsiolun are nothing but ignoramus of the highest order or bottom line mischief makers.look at Nigeria today. Many of the crises we have are denominated by breached agreements, betrayals and breach of trust. The latest are Lagos govt Vs doctors, NFF Vs Ray Nnaji and co. This is the legacy of Gowon and his decree 8 which abrogated the Aburi accord. Where has Nigeria been since that time. Your master, Awo, called it flag and antem nation. Shame shame shame shaaaaaammmmm

PhysicsQED:

Can you explain this part in bold more clearly please?

I understand the peculiarities of the election may have been complex, so please try and break it down in simpler terms because I can't really follow you right now.

Louis Mbanefo was dissatisfied with a particular NCNC policy, switched to a smaller local party, but was still representing NCNC, while contesting against NCNC's candidate and disagreeing with one of NCNC's policies?

Dede1:


The bolded in the above post seemed to come from a frustrated Udo Udoma. It is a pity he referred to certain politicians as Independents when there was none. These so-called independents from eastern region, including Udo Udoma, were politicians who got upset with certain NCNC policies. They joined local parties such as NIP and UNP yet ran under the platform of NCNC. Those who ran on the platform of other national parties beside NCNC lost their deposit. It may interest you that Udo Udoma was such politician who later ran under AG and lost to primary school headmaster.

Katsumoto:

Did you read the article at all or you just jumped on my case in the usual emotional manner?

Did your eyes miss the sections below or you just have a hard time with comprehension?:

He managed to secure an agreement to devolve power from the federal government to the regions. This turned Nigeria into a confederation. In the words of one writer Ojukwu “secured the signatures of the SMC to documents which would have had the effect of turning Nigeria into little more than a customs union".

The federal government attempted to implement the Aburi agreement in diluted form by enacting a modified Constitution (Suspension and Modification) Decree (Decree cool which turned Nigeria into a de facto confederation, but which did not incorporate ALL of the agreements reached at Aburi. Federal civil servants argued that to implement all of the Aburi agreements would lead to the dissolution of the federation. Ojukwu declined to accept the initial draft of the Decree and insisted on a full and complete implementation of the Aburi accords.

As the weaker party, could Ojukwu still have showed greater pragmatism to spare further suffering for his people? Even with its flaws, Decree 8 gave him 90% of what he wanted. The U.S. State Department was “impressed by extent to which Decree 8 appears to meet many of East's fundamental demands for much greater regional autonomy. While recognizing that it stops short of granting everything Ojukwu wants, Dept. considers Decree represents genuine effort by FMG and other Mil Govs to implement Aburi agreements and to retain Nigerian unity in form which least objectionable to East…..Consulate Enugu has reported that some prominent and moderate Easterners may incline toward above view".

WINNER TAKES ALL – NIGERIA’S MALAISE

In the “winner takes all” mentality that is so symptomatic of Nigerian politics, Ojukwu unrealistically held out for 100% of his demands and in the end, received 0%. His refusal to be tactically flexible by considering options other than secession, placed him and his people in a worse position than they started in. Rather than turning Nigeria into a confederation (which is what Decree 8 did), Ojukwu’s give no inch stance gave the federal government an opportunity to overrun the Eastern Region, carve the country into several states and concentrate massive powers in the central government.

Katsumoto:

If they are not frustrated, they are biased or they are anti-Biafran or they are stooges, or they are quacks. It never ends; you never accept other accounts that run counter to your positions.

PhysicsQED provided a writer from an individual named Ben Lawrence and you subsequently christened the writer Udo Udoma so as to be able to provide a rebuttal to a very just and legitimate question. There was no Udo Udoma in the write-up; please answer the questions properly. If you don'y know, just say you don't.

Dede1:

This is the reason I am not trigger-happy in pulling the craps from obscure essays to support my first hand facts. When one goofy or hack writer puts junk on the Internet, it becomes gospel according to Saints. The quotes PhysicsQED provided was copied from Udo Udoma who was NCNC decamped member, fooled by Awo, mercilessly beaten by primary school headmaster in regional election and ran back to NCNC.

One must understand that the leader of NCNC in eastern region of Nigeria about 1950 was not Zik but Eyo Ita. However, there was mutual respect and political understanding between politicians in NIP, UNP and NCNC.

PhysicsQED:

Can you explain this part in bold more clearly please?

I understand the peculiarities of the election may have been complex, so please try and break it down in simpler terms because I can't really follow you right now.

Louis Mbanefo was dissatisfied with a particular NCNC policy, switched to a smaller local party, but was still representing NCNC, while contesting against NCNC's candidate and disagreeing with one of NCNC's policies?

PhysicsQED: Dede1,

If you have a better understanding of historical facts, I want you to verify something for me. In an article called "Revisiting Nigeria's Political History", a writer named Ben Lawrence made the following claim:

"Even then in 1951, only a few NCNC members won election to the Eastern House of Assembly on their party's ticket. In the old Calabar Province, for instance, the NCNC won two out of 13 seats. The two went to Professor Eyo Ita and an ally in Calabar Division,

the famous Mazi Mbonu Ojike, NCNC top brass and deputy mayor of Lagos, was beaten by Chief Ezerioha, an Independent, to whom with Chief Kingsley O, Mbadiwe (alias K. O.) tactically tagged to win a seat in Orlu Division. Reuben J. Uzoma, an Independent, also won from Orlu Division. So no NCNC man was elected from there, although they all later cast their lot with the party. [/b]In Onitsha, the hometown of Zik, the NCNC was floored. [b]Justice Louis Mbanefo, an Independent defeated NCNC candidate to the Eastern House and subsequently to the Central House of Assembly. Most of the Eastern victors swung to the NCNC to form the government because of the respect they had for Professor Eyo Ita, founder of the West African People's Institute (WAPI) Calabar, in the East. The Western Region was more politically organised on party basis and general franchise. The NCNC and its supposed allies thought they had 51 seats and that the Action Group and allies had 29 seats. But on that day of judgement at the inauguration of the Western House, the Action Group had 45 seats and the NCNC 35."

http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/rarticles/revisiting%20nigerias%20political%20history.htm

I only want your analysis of the parts in bold and to confirm whether they're true. I don't care about whether Mr. Lawrence got the details right in the rest of this quote because it won't be relevant to my point.

In the part in bold he claims that independents defeated NCNC challengers and then later went with the NCNC when the government was formed.

[b]You referenced the majority of Otu Edo going NCNC as if it were an indication that there was some preexisting agreement between all Otu Edo members and between the Otu Edo and the NCNC that all Otu Edo members would opt for the NCNC when the government was formed.

The issue here is, for the Eastern region, did these particular independents (Chief Ezerioha or Louis Mbanefo) have some preexisting agreement with the NCNC to swing to the NCNC upon successful election? And if there was some preexisting alliance with the NCNC before being elected, why compete directly against the NCNC's candidate for election? Wouldn't it make more sense to just contest directly as an NCNC man or to not run in order to cede the position to the NCNC's actual candidate?

I find this example (Chief Ezerioha's example, Louis Mbanefo's example) hard to reconcile with your insistence that those who eventually swung mostly to the NCNC in the west automatically had a real and acknowledged pre-existing agreement with the NCNC to opt for the NCNC upon election merely because of their political party - since we can see that some independents in the east that swung to the NCNC blocked and even defeated NCNC candidates in certain instances. [/b]

Katsumoto:

In spite of all that, you failed to address the questions posed by PhysicsQED.
In typical fashion, you attempt to discredit others without supporting information, introduce irrelevant information, and fail to address the pertinent issues. See below again

pazienza: I really enjoyed that ojukwu's interview,and to think that Gowon had no rebuttal for it...

Policewoman: Wow! For d 1st time i actually sat down and read a thread on NL from beginning to end. One thing is for sure, the cyber bitterness btw Igbos and yorubas will be difficult to stop, but in real life, i see them get along well and live happily together, more than they do with the northerners. That's cheering to know.

T9ksy: So, can we all now agree that there was no carpet-crossing in the western region of Nigeria in 1951 as the only result we have for that election so far, is the one posted by Kats. So pending the time when, ACM10 goes and check his grandmother’s library in his village for their version of the election results, kat’s version is the ONLY de facto one to go by. In the interim, I hereby implore the eze Ndi igbo of niaraland to forbid his people from regurgitating the same falsehood (we yorubas have had to listen to, for over half a century), that NCNC won that particular election in question and hence desist from laying the genesis of tribalism in the country at the feet of Awo and the yorubas.

Come to think of it, why would an ibo man wants to be in charge of the affairs of the yorubas at that time in question, anyway. Afterall, we were not friends but fierce rivals. And because this nefarious plan of theirs did not materialise, the ibos have ever since given us the tag, “tribalists”! Meanwhile, they would not even try the same nonsense with the northerners as they know what will be their fate.


Would any man in his right senses place the affairs of his household including his wives, concubines, children, properties, businesses ati bebelo (etc etc) into the hands of his neighbour when in fact, he’s quite capable of seeing to it, himself? I want my ibo brothers to answer this question in all honesty, if they can.

In the East government has seriously run down. Dr. Azikiwe (" Zik ",
leader of the N.C.N.C. remains in power as the personification of Ibo tribalism,
but his chronic unwillingness to tolerate around him men of independence of mind
has brought into being a Regional Executive Council, almost all of whom are
nonentities. Some of the Federal Ministers drawn from his Party, notably
Dr. Mbadiwe, have recently lost their posts through constant but so far ineffective
warfare against his personal dictatorship of party affairs. His star may be on the
wane. At present he has no serious rival as leader of the Ibos, who are much the
largest race in the Region, and although it would be much healthier for Nigeria
if his hand were removed from the helm,

The Yoruba, Hausa/Fulani, Kanuri, Benin, Nupe, etc had centuries of fighting wars with others and amongst themselves. The last Yoruba war, Kiriji, lasted 16 years. But the late comers to wars, Ndigbo, were the ones lacking in the art of war. Perhaps that was why they decided to go to war. But in any case, a rational mind would have been more cautious in making such monumental decisions. The lack of experience in organized warfare was soon laid to bare with the fall of Enugu in less than 3 months of fighting. Seriously, who puts their capital so close to the enemy? That singular mistake ensured that the Biafrans were on the backfoot for the rest of the war except for the ill-advised incursion into the mid-west.

The Yoruba, Hausa/Fulani, Kanuri, Benin, Nupe, etc had centuries of fighting wars with others and amongst themselves. The last Yoruba war, Kiriji, lasted 16 years. But the late comers to wars, Ndigbo, were the ones lacking in the art of war. Perhaps that was why they decided to go to war. But in any case, a rational mind would have been more cautious in making such monumental decisions. The lack of experience in organized warfare was soon laid to bare with the fall of Enugu in less than 3 months of fighting. Seriously, who puts their capital so close to the enemy? That singular mistake ensured that the Biafrans were on the backfoot for the rest of the war except for the ill-advised incursion into the mid-west.

cheikh: Katsumoto


@^^ You may be right about the above but I was alluding to the fact that the South West(Yorubaland) was actually under occupation by so called "federal" armed soldiers mainly northern soldiers(Hausa,Fulani,Kanuri and other northern minorities), therefore it is almost impossible for an AWO or any right thinking person to contemplate rebellion/secession while under total occupation by "Nigeria". Sincerely, it is either foolhardiness and suicide to do so - not good strategy for survival as a viable group. It is better to keep your head down temporarily/survive/ live for another day, get prepared and fight for total liberation than foolish reactionary response to occupation. Awo and his advisers were right then and perhaps now too. The South West like most parts of Southern Nigeria nowadays are like war zones under occupation. Lucky Joe did not show any restraint when he deployed soldiers to occupy Lagos and the Gani Park during the recent fuel subsidy brou ha ha/ gra gra. The leadership in Nigeria has always been quick to use coercion and brute force to intimidate and effect fear/deference. That is our condition/ story as a people.

cheikh: Katsumoto


@^^ You may be right about the above but I was alluding to the fact that the South West(Yorubaland) was actually under occupation by so called "federal" armed soldiers mainly northern soldiers(Hausa,Fulani,Kanuri and other northern minorities), therefore it is almost impossible for an AWO or any right thinking person to contemplate rebellion/secession while under total occupation by "Nigeria". Sincerely, it is either foolhardiness and suicide to do so - not good strategy for survival as a viable group. It is better to keep your head down temporarily/survive/ live for another day, get prepared and fight for total liberation than foolish reactionary response to occupation. Awo and his advisers were right then and perhaps now too. The South West like most parts of Southern Nigeria nowadays are like war zones under occupation. Lucky Joe did not show any restraint when he deployed soldiers to occupy Lagos and the Gani Park during the recent fuel subsidy brou ha ha/ gra gra. The leadership in Nigeria has always been quick to use coercion and brute force to intimidate and effect fear/deference. That is our condition/ story as a people.

afam4eva:
This is probably the only cogent reason why Awolowo could have resisted the temptation for fighting for the independence of the Yoruba race.

Katsumoto:

Why would any non-yoruba request a reason from the Yoruba for not pursuing a secession agenda and why would Awo, or any Yoruba, offer a reason (cogent or otherwise) in response to such a ridiculous question when the Yoruba were

1. Prevented from forming their own nation in 1954 and 1957
2. Locked out of National Governance in 1959 when they had some of the best administrators (the words of the Colonial Secretary)

The course of action chosen by Yoruba leaders was the best for the Yoruba people alone. They were not at liberty to consider what was in their best interests as well in the best interests of those who wanted Nigeria at all costs despite the obvious, deadly, and fractious situation that was present in the forced nation.

Dede1: Cowards are born not manufactured. Like typical demeanor of human nature, cowards can also show spate of bravery that can stun a cagey veteran when deceptively incited. I have said and will continue to lament that the art of repeated and deliberate falsehood can never turn into truth. The silly side-mouthed talk of Yoruba land being occupied by northern regional soldiers in 1966 remains one of most damnable conjectures that surfaced during or after the Nigeria/Biafra civil war.

My educatiive assumption assertively indicated both 2nd and 3rd Divisions of Nigeria army of 1966 was filled to the brim mostly by officers and men from Yoruba, Edo, Ijo, Ishan, Ejegam, Efik, Urhobo and Itsekiri. It is akin to night that follows the day the most senior army officers of these divisions were Yoruba. It does not take less than three years to produce army officer of the rank, 2Lt in the army. Even there were brothers of the rank LT or higher that fought at the battle of Ore not to mention there were some brigade commanders of the rank majors and Lt Cols of Yoruba extraction yet loons would want us to believe Yoruba had nobody in uniform in 1966. I could bet that Yoruba had more officers in Nigerian army in 1966 than entire northern region.

There is no doubt Yoruba had suffered series of pitiful defeats in hands of Nupe and Fulani. Anybody who can remember the place of Oyo Ile, then capital of Oyo Empire, would agree with me on this plank. It is an igneous deception to cite wrestling matches such as Kiriji as the reason Yoruba lost its balls at wee hours of the night when the son of the soil was murdered in the Ibadan, new Oyo ile, of Oyo/Oodua nation.

afam4eva:
Whether the Yoruba were preventing from forming their own nation in 1954 and 1957 is not the issue. the issue is that they were still interested in forming their nation when it looked like Biafra would have their own country. It even came from Awo's mouth.

Katsumoto:

Dede1

You sure love pain and punishment.

We have had this debate extensively in the past and while I do not care whether you accept the figures produced by Norman Miners and Robin Luckham, I will for the benefit of those who haven't followed our previous debate on this subject, humour you. In January 1966, there were approximately 10,500 men in the Nigerian armed forces. Out of the 10,500, the Yoruba and contributed a mere 6% approx, while the North produced 54% and Igbo (including mid-western) produced 30%. The Igbo with its 30% proportion of trained soldiers and millions more of new recruits lost the war, yet you were expecting the Yoruba with its 6% of trained soldiers to get involved in a conflict that wasn't its own? Clearly, we can see why the Biafrans lost; you have no concept of strategy. You believe it is courage and manpower alone that wins wars? You are so naive and bound to repeat the mistakes of the past.

It is on record that after the debacle of the Biafran incursion into the mid-west and west, there was a huge recruitment of sons from the Yoruba, Bini, Urhobo, itshekiri, and other non-igbo mid-western areas. These people had hitherto, been largely neutral or sympathetic to the Biafrans. Most of these new recruits went into Murtala's 2nd Division. The 3rd Division of course had many Yoruba sons but these were the Yoruba sons who had joined the Army before the start of the war and formed the nucleus of Adekunle's command and had been a part of the Lagos Garrison Office. If your argument is that Yoruba sons fought against Biafra, then the other side will also roll out names of Biafrans who fought against Biafra such Ike Nwachukwu, Ekpo, Elechi Amadi, Isaac Boro. If your sons can fight against you, why emphasis that those who aren't your sons fought against you?

Any student of war history will tell you that strong nations who had strong neighbours will have fought a series of wars. Not one side wins all the wars. France and England fought a lot of wars, many of the greeks states fought one another over several centuries. The romans had many wars with the visigoths, Carthaginians, Gauls, etc. As big as the Roman empire was, it did not win all these wars against lesser nations. The Oyo fought the Nupe during the 15th century and the Nupe were successful on the first occassion but would lose other wars to the Oyo. Oyo was sacked by Ilorin whose forces were made up of Solagberu's Yoruba Muslims from Oke Suna and Afonja's Yoruba armies mixed with Hausa slaves (Gobirawa). Ilorin could only sack Oyo after Lanloke laid siege to Oyo Ile. There were several powerful kings/chiefs who were no longer the influence of Oyo and who were all suspicious of the others. Some of there were Adegun (Onikoyi), Atiba (who would be Alaafin after fall of Oyo Ile), lanloke (Ogodo). Alaafin Amodo in wanting to increase his power sought an alliance with lanloke by giving his daughter to lanloke. Unfortunately, lanloke killed the Alaafin's daughter and fearing that he would be attacked decided to attack Oyo ile first. He successfully laid seige to oyo ile and after Oyo sucummbed to his siege, Ilorin walked in and destroyed Oyo Ile.

The most significant war between the Yoruba and Fulani was fought by the Ibadan who defeated the Fulani invasion army in 1840 at Osogbo. I challenge you to mention the wars in which the Fulani defeated the Oyo.