true2home:
Those that are not Civil Engineers think we are crazy when we go against the visible common sense theories that they believe is structural. But thats the money maker for us CE. We understand the principles that governs structure and it gives us economical advantage when we design homes.

Example; in one of my project, my roof design was less than 400K( wood and Long span Alumin). The roofer keep saying that the material wasn't going to be enough and i just told him to get the damn quantity i calculated. Guess what, we even had left over after the roofing was done.

I cant wait to relocate to Nigeria and expand my housing stock. lastly, Building in Nigeria is so Basic. Try building in a climate that has seismic and snow condition, then you will know that we are not building anything yet in Nigeria.

Commonsense101:

people don dey congratulate you left and right you don dey do anyhow abi.... You better declare surplus for the house!!! free bottles of anything you're drinking

since you voted Buhari, what did you gain ? I don't have money for any Shayo .

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TheMinimalist:
I just went on an American forum and my question has been answered within 20 minutes. this means Nigeria is truly a shitt hole . below are quality Answers from intelligent minds with pictorial illustration. .

I asked : Okay, you know I'm a Computer engineer who plays with software. But I'm curious to know how the depth of foundation is calculated. Logically, it should be directly proportional to the height of the construction. But with that logic, super tall structures would need a super deep foundation.

One of a few Answer I got : it depends upon various factors like the type of soil, function of the building, wind loads, which earthquake zone the building is to built in, and the depth of underground water table. What I'm wondering is why a computer engineer needs to know about foundations ? Personally, I'll tell Foundation Engineering is the most boring subject amongst all the civil subjects.

Also, I would like to tell you one thing about your logic. Depth does not depend upon height. In fact more height means more loads coming on the soil which means greater area required at the base. strength depends on width of base rather than depth.

Cough..ahem..cough

https://www.crazyengineers.com/threads/how-is-the-depth-of-foundation-calculated.50249/

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Please can anybody recommend any tested and trusted land surveyor in Lagos. Thanks

true2home:
Those that are not Civil Engineers think we are crazy when we go against the visible common sense theories that they believe is structural. But thats the money maker for us CE. We understand the principles that governs structure and it gives us economical advantage when we design homes.

Example; in one of my project, my roof design was less than 400K( wood and Long span Alumin). The roofer keep saying that the material wasn't going to be enough and i just told him to get the damn quantity i calculated. Guess what, we even had left over after the roofing was done.

I cant wait to relocate to Nigeria and expand my housing stock. lastly, Building in Nigeria is so Basic. Try building in a climate that has seismic and snow condition, then you will know that we are not building anything yet in Nigeria.

Chief we are all waiting for you. I believe you going to have great stories to tell us in less than a year. All the best.

Daboomb:




Even the community Borehole is not a solution because the Govt of Ambode will simply give you a Tax, the size of "community"!

Water is a human right, the consumption of which should have nothing to dow with whether you can afford it or not.
The Poor need drinkable water to survive and so do the rich.
It is a survival requirement and as such, should have nothing to do with Money.

I have paid over 80K to have Govt water in my compound and after three days, they said their pump developed problem.
I waited for almost two months and since they keep folding one hand over another, l had to pay and sink a Borehole.
One year after, they brought me a Water bill which l otre in their presence and asked them to buzz-off or sue me to court.

Now, imagine if l could not afford to sink a borehole, will l die of thirst or will l be buying from unsanitary "mallam Kegs" and at what cost to me?

A Govt that has failed in its primary rsponsibility, has the gut to start imposing more taxes on people?
What about increasing the minimum wage, so people can have more disposable income and then pay more taxes like VAT, on luxuries they buy?

Really, how much (percentage) of our Tax goes into the development of our state/Country, with all the very bad roads, erratic power supply (even with pre-paid meter!), poor health facilities, poor or non existent road drainage, dirty or non-flowing Water supply, refuse the size of mount kilimanjaro everywhere, e.t.c

Where are the TAXES going into?
Into Tinubu's pocket via Alpha-Beta and that his LCC scam?
Into Ambode's pocket via his/their white elephant projects like Eko Atlantic City?
the rest are looted by LGA chairmen, Perm Secs, Directors, e.t.c.

So, Ambode is just trying to raise more funds for LOOTING and electioneering, now that 2019 is around the corner.

I am a supporter of paying adequate taxes.... but l insist on seeing what it is done with..... not just dashing it out to Nollywood stars in the name of trying to sell what is unsellable/promo

Succinctly put, I was waiting for your response on this issue and you have delivered as usual

abdulwastecx:


He is right. The depth of foundation doesn't actually depend on how tall the building is but the location of suitable soil strata with the right properties that can carry the anticipated load of the structures, and the loading intensity of the structure.

take a look at this simple Rankin's equation for calculating the minimum depth of a shallow foundation
Dmin = (q/g) * [(1 – sinØ) / (1 + sinØ)]2
here, we have q = floor loading intensity
g = unit weight of soil that the foundation is resting on and
Ø = repose angle of the soil
floor loading intensity is a load of a structure over the area that the structure is resting on, in simple terms, it is all the load coming through the columns or walls divided by the floor area of the ground floor

unit weight is the dry density of the soil multiply by the acceleration due to gravity

the angle of repose is also a soil property

In conclusion, the depth of foundation depends on how high the floor loading intensity or the safe bearing capacity of the soil, how closely packed the soil particle is and the position of the water level

Sir can provide answers to the questions below respectively;
Then why is pile foundation used for skyscrapers as against strip foundation with shallow depth?
Why does a 3 storey building requires a deeper strip trench than a bungalow?
Why is the base of a 3 storey building deeper than that of a bungalow?


If u say width is necessary to spread load as height of building increases, i will understand. But saying height doesn't determine depth is what i will find hard to believe.
Even for water tank stand, i believe a tank stand serving a 3 storey building will require a much more depth than that serving a bungalow.

Commonsense101:

Are you certain or just making assumptions.
I have two large and one small and even the smallest of them weighs more than two regular fans put together.

yes not assumption sir

(CNN) At least four people died Thursday when a pedestrian bridge collapsed near Florida International University, Miami-Dade County Fire Chief Dave Downey said.

At least eight cars were crushed under the bridge and at least nine people were transported to hospitals for treatment, authorities said. The bridge's span was just installed Saturday, an effort to boost safety on a busy street where an FIU student was fatally struck by a vehicle last year.
It is unclear why the bridge, which was still under construction, collapsed onto a busy state highway.

A statement from the university said that Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) technology was used in the construction of the pedestrian bridge.
ABC streamlines the building process so bridge construction projects can be completed quicker and be more cost-efficient. State Departments of Transportation use ABC technology to refurbish or construct bridges within 48 to 72 hours, according to the Federal Highway Administration (FHA).

Rubbiish:

Sir can provide answers to the questions below respectively;
Then why is pile foundation used for skyscrapers as against strip foundation with shallow depth?
Why does a 3 storey building requires a deeper strip trench than a bungalow?
Why is the base of a 3 storey building deeper than that of a bungalow?


If u say width is necessary to spread load as height of building increases, i will understand. But saying height doesn't determine depth is what i will find hard to believe.
Even for water tank stand, i believe a tank stand serving a 3 storey building will require a much more depth than that serving a bungalow.

Okay, I will try to do justice to your question, sir.
Then why is pile foundation used for skyscrapers as against strip foundation with shallow depth?
Before I answer this question, I will like to explain that pile foundation is used for a skyscraper or high rise building because the load coming from the structure can't be safely carried using a shallow foundation like a raft. In cases where a raft can carry the supposed building, a shallow foundation is used.
There are cases where the bedrock is very close to the ground, or very stiff clay or granular soil with the right property to carry a high rise building is very close to the ground, in such cases, you don't need a pile foundation or very deep pile to carry the building.
In conclusion, The height of the building influence the loading intensity through both gravity and especially lateral (wind load) loading of the structure but is not the factor that determines the depth of the foundation.

Why does a 3 storey building requires a deeper strip trench than a bungalow?
It depends on what type of foundation and the nature of the building. If you are building a three storey building with load-bearing walls, where you will need to provide a strip footing for the walls, the strip only needs to get to the soil strata with adequate engineering properties to support the building. But, when you are building a frame structure ( the best type of structures for a three storey building) you only need your pad/isolated/combine footings to get the surface of the soil with adequate soil properties to carry the structure, while the strip footings for the partition walls will be of similar to that of a bungalow or can me omitted totally in favour of a grade beam/plinth beam.

Why is the base of a 3 storey building deeper than that of a bungalow?
This is not apple for apple comparison, It is deeper because it is heavier and most cases the type of foundation employed differs. A bungalow will most likely have a strip footing while a three storey building will most likely have a pad footing for good soil or raft foundation for poorer or expansive clay with large anticipated differential settlement (this foundation can be shallower than that of a bungalow) or in extreme cases a deep pile foundation

Commonsense101:

I swear !!!! extremely basic!!! alot of conditions and considerations typically factored into designing buildings in the west that africans dont need to worry our pretty heads about. wetin concern Naija builder with tremors, wind pressure, windblown snow infiltration etc

Actually, the highlighted factor is a very important factor to consider when building in Nigeria. Also, we have our own peculiar problem especially in the coast like Lagos, PH and other coastal cities across the nation.

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Hello everyone , this is a wonderful thread and kudos to all the contributors. Pls I need your help. A culvert is to be built on a property and the attached was quoted. Pls does this look okay. I already know the granite price is not okay and I will be challenging it. Thanks

ITABABE:
Hello everyone , this is a wonderful thread and kudos to all the contributors. Pls I need your help. A culvert is to be built on a property and the attached was quoted. Pls does this look okay. I already know the granite price is not okay and I will be challenging it. Thanks

Kindly add the L*H*W of the proposed culvert and the estimated maximum carriage load.

writejhn27:
Please can anybody recommend any tested and trusted land surveyor in Lagos. Thanks

Search @Shams on this forum. Tested and Trusted!!

abdulwastecx:


Okay, I will try to do justice to your question, sir.
Then why is pile foundation used for skyscrapers as against strip foundation with shallow depth?
Before I answer this question, I will like to explain that pile foundation is used for a skyscraper or high rise building because the load coming from the structure can't be safely carried using a shallow foundation like a raft.

This your first point further buttress my point.
Why can't a shallow foundation carry the load? Is it not because of the height which will definitely increase the weight of the building?
All these engineering calculation all stems from simple logic, u need to see the sizes of columns supporting bridges, they can never be same with those supporting a concrete parapet for bungalow. I will never accept same supporting column sizes for bridges & parapet because of calculation....
We use 12mm for bungalow reinforcement, but it is not recommended for duplex, i haven't use less than 16mm, because as height increases, load increases....Applying engineering principles doesn't stop logic....

ITABABE:
Hello everyone , this is a wonderful thread and kudos to all the contributors. Pls I need your help. A culvert is to be built on a property and the attached was quoted. Pls does this look okay. I already know the granite price is not okay and I will be challenging it. Thanks

Sir it Looks fair
no price for sharp sand?
From the mix ratio given 1:2:4
U guys are gonna be consuming more granites than sand
Is having lesser granite than sand & 5tons gonna be enough?

diordaves:
(CNN) At least four people died Thursday when a pedestrian bridge collapsed near Florida International University, Miami-Dade County Fire Chief Dave Downey said.

At least eight cars were crushed under the bridge and at least nine people were transported to hospitals for treatment, authorities said. The bridge's span was just installed Saturday, an effort to boost safety on a busy street where an FIU student was fatally struck by a vehicle last year.
It is unclear why the bridge, which was still under construction, collapsed onto a busy state highway.

A statement from the university said that Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) technology was used in the construction of the pedestrian bridge.
ABC streamlines the building process so bridge construction projects can be completed quicker and be more cost-efficient. State Departments of Transportation use ABC technology to refurbish or construct bridges within 48 to 72 hours, according to the Federal Highway Administration (FHA).

Even USA?

Good day my people, and peace be unto you. I want to construct a water tank stand for a four 3 x bed flats one storey building (ground and first floor). Which is better (or cheaper), metal stand or brick/concrete stand, and roughly how much will either cost (materials and labour). The area is Ota in Ogun State. The stand is for 2 tanks (about 2000L each). Thank you

Rubbiish:

This your first point further buttress my point.
Why can't a shallow foundation carry the load? Is it not because of the height which will definitely increase the weight of the building?
All these engineering calculation all stems from simple logic, u need to see the sizes of columns supporting bridges, they can never be same with those supporting a concrete parapet for bungalow. I will never accept same supporting column sizes for bridges & parapet because of calculation....
We use 12mm for bungalow reinforcement, but it is not recommended for duplex, i haven't use less than 16mm, because as height increases, load increases....Applying engineering principles doesn't stop logic....

@emboldened true.
U can't really seperate height from depth in construction, same principle apply to cantilever, the protrusion should also be maintained on the other side. It is simple equilibrum. Take ur NGL as centre point, but doesn't work 100% for foundation, but same principle & idea.

bixton:



Kindly add the L*H*W of the proposed culvert and the estimated maximum carriage load.

funny enough , he didn't include this. He only sent a pic of how it would look

Rubbiish:

Sir it Looks fair
no price for sharp sand?
From the mix ratio given 1:2:4
U guys are gonna be consuming more granites than sand
Is having lesser granite than sand & 5tons gonna be enough?

price for sharp sand was not included because we have that on ground. I have a problem with the cost of the granite though. Any idea how much a ton costs normally

rabcnesbit:
Good day my people, and peace be unto you. I want to construct a water tank stand for a four 3 x bed flats one storey building (ground and first floor). Which is better (or cheaper), metal stand or brick/concrete stand, and roughly how much will either cost (materials and labour). The area is Ota in Ogun State. The stand is for 2 tanks (about 2000L each). Thank you

Better; go for H beams steel
Cheaper go for 4" galvinized pipe or concrete.
But i normally advise steel stand, because one may need to utilize space in the future, u can easily relocate steel stand, but concrete stand is not moveable.

ITABABE:
price for sharp sand was not included because we have that on ground. I have a problem with the cost of the granite though. Any idea how much a ton costs normally

Granite price varies with location
Is the slab on the culvert serving as a major access or an alternative?

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folmus:



Search @Shams on this forum. Tested and Trusted!!

Thanks